1％阿维·鱼藤新型乳油防治柑橘红蜘蛛田间药效试验

采用1％阿维·鱼藤新型乳油对柑橘红蜘蛛进行田间药效试验。结果表明,1％阿维·鱼藤新型乳油500、1000和1500倍液3个处理对活动螨态均具优异的杀灭效果,药后1d,500倍液处理组防效显著高于对照药剂200阿维·哒3000倍液处理,二者各为99．70%±0．30％和93．64%±2.29％;药后5d,1％阿维·鱼藤新型乳油500、1000和1500倍液3个处理对活动螨态的防效与对照药剂相当,4者防效均高达94．72％以上。此外,1％阿维·鱼藤新型乳油1500、1000和500倍3个处理均对柑橘红蜘蛛螨卵具一定的杀卵效果,其中500倍处理组的杀卵作用较好,校正杀卵率达80．59%±2．51％。     

山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊的生物活性及其成分分析

研究了山苍子Litsea cubeba果实精油对白纹伊蚊Aedes albopictus成蚊的驱避活性和对其幼虫的毒杀活性;采用GC-MS定性分析了精油的化学成分,并定量分析了其中9种活性成分。结果如下：在1．5mg·cm^-2的涂抹剂量下,山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊的100％保护时间为3．70h,对白纹伊蚊4龄期幼虫的24h毒杀Lc50值为82．48μg·mL^-1。定性分析共鉴定出17种化合物,其中E-柠檬醛的相对含量最高,其峰面积百分比为44．65％,其它相对含量较高的成分分别是Z-柠檬醛（34．60％）、柠檬烯（11．70％）、甲基庚烯酮（2．28％）、芳樟醇（1．28％）等。定量分析9种活性成分在精油中的总含量为238．70mg·mL^-1,其中E-柠檬醛106．20mg·mL^-1、Z-柠檬醛68．79mg·mL^-1、桉叶油素40．90mg·mL^-1的含量较高。研究结果表明,山苍子精油对白纹伊蚊具有良好的成蚊驱避和幼虫毒杀活性,这些生物活性与精油的化学成分密切相关。     

赛丹对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀作用研究

在室内测定了赛丹对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀效果,结果表明：赛丹对黑翅土白蚁的毒杀效果较好,0．04～0．10μg／ml 3d后死亡率达到100％,0．01～0．02μg／ml 3d后死亡率也达到83％～90％。     

6种植物乙醇提取物对桔小实蝇成虫的毒杀和产卵驱避作用的初步研究

为筛选出对桔小实蝇成虫有效毒杀和产卵驱避的植物乙醇提取物,采用超声提取法制备了紫茎泽兰、臭椿、菖蒲、青蒿、臭牡丹、樟树等6种植物提取物,并测定提取物对桔小实蝇成虫的毒杀和产卵驱避活性.结果表明:紫茎泽兰、青蒿、臭椿和菖蒲的乙醇提取物均对桔小实蝇成虫有较强的毒杀作用,当浓度为100mg/mL时,校正死亡率均为100％.臭...     

5％鱼藤酮微乳剂对黄曲条跳甲的室内毒力测定

采用浸渍法进行5％鱼藤酮微乳剂对黄曲条跳甲的室内毒力测定,试验结果表明,5％鱼藤酮微乳剂对黄曲条跳甲成虫具有较好的毒杀活性。     

我国29种特有植物的杀虫活性初探

报道我国特有植物华蟹甲草、秃杉、黄花鸡爪草、大血藤、血水草、崖白菜和七叶一枝花的杀虫活性。5种特有植物甲醇提取物对家蝇48h的致死率均在70％以上，华蟹甲草93．10％、银杏（果）85．71％、七叶一枝花82．76％、黄花鸡爪草79．31％和秃杉（茎）71．03％。血水草和崖白菜对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫48h的拒食率分别为52．8l％和62．88％，经大血藤、血水草和崖白菜处理后，亚洲玉米螟还出现化蛹延迟的现象。所筛选的特有植物对赤拟谷盗种群的毒杀作用和繁殖抑制作用较低，其中毒杀作用最好的为七叶一枝花，处理后30天赤拟谷盗的死亡率也仅为25．80％。繁殖抑制率最强的为八角莲（根），处理后60天繁殖抑制率为39．42％。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的特有植物材料的提取率分布在1．54％～16．12％之间。     

芒果果实象甲生物学观察及几种农药室内药效试验

芒果果实象甲在广西每年发生1代,成虫寿命12～14个月,周年可见,7月上旬除少量的个体仍处在老龄幼虫虫期和蛹期外,绝大部分均羽化为成虫。卵期5～6d,幼虫成熟后常在果内化蛹,室内药效试验结果表明,30％乙酰甲胺磷、80％敌敌畏有很好的毒杀效果。     

改制诱测灯的毒瓶

通常诱测灯下的毒瓶里放的是氰化钠(或氰化钾)。近年来我们用80％或50％的敌敌畏乳油来取代。敌敌畏具有熏蒸、胃毒、触杀等多种作用,其毒杀效果不亚于氰化钠,且具有下列优点: 1.敌敌畏较氰化钠安全:敌敌畏属高毒,大白鼠口服致死中量为50—70毫克/     

10种植物提取物对南方根结线虫毒杀活性研究

采用触杀法研究了10种植物干材料无水乙醇提取物、乙酸乙酯提取物和石油醚提取物对南方根结线虫2龄幼虫的毒杀活性。结果表明,这10种植物材料的3种有机溶剂提取物对根结线虫都有不同程度的毒杀活性。其中,牡丹皮、丁香、八角茴香、何首乌和地肤子的无水乙醇和乙酸乙酯提取物的毒杀活性最强,48h校正死亡率均大于90%;八角茴香石油醚提取物也表现出较高毒杀活性,48h校正死亡率也达到了80%以上。     

万寿菊不同部位提取物制备及其对柑橘根线虫的毒杀影响

文章研究探讨了用成熟万寿菊Tagete srecta不同部位,在不同提取方法和不同处理时间等条件下,提取物对柑橘根线虫Meloidogyne SPP的毒杀效果,以及生物活性物质成分在毒杀柑橘根线虫中的作用。结果表明,万寿菊根部粗提取物对柑橘根线虫的毒杀作用最强,其中α-三联噻吩是毒杀柑橘根线虫的主要有效成分之一,并在根中含量最高,乙酸乙酯和石油醚抽提的0.01 mg/mL的根提取液对柑橘根线虫毒杀效果高。     

南方灭鼠应用稻谷与大米毒饵的比较

生物测定法测得谷壳对复方88-1灭鼠剂的阻滞率为54．3％，光谱分析法测得其对敌鼠钠盐的阻滞率在47．43％—57．00％之间。相同条件下，褐家鼠Rattus norvegicus取食敌鼠钠盐稻谷毒饵量为大米毒饵的2倍多。在南方潮湿的环境下，大米毒饵更易松散、霉变，使其适口性更低。综合考虑认为南方灭鼠使用稻谷毒饵更为合适。     

红火蚁克星对入侵红火蚁的防治效果

经过一年来的野外试验,结果表明红火蚁克星对红火蚁具有显著的控制效果。施药后4d,红火蚁全巢死亡率达83.33～92.31%,施药后7～10d全巢死亡。施药后90d和180d监测结果表明,诱测点在6个月内未出现新的蚁巢。     

Investigation of sodium monofluoroacetate (1080) bait shyness in wild brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) populations

Bait shyness is a significant threat to the sustainable control of vertebrate pests. New Zealand's foremost vertebrate pest is the introduced brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula). Bait shyness was identified in two wild possum populations by comparing the consumption of two non-toxic bait types before and after each population was presented with one of the bait types containing the toxin sodium monofluoroacetate (1080). Before poisoning, approximately 60% of total bait consumption was of the type which 1080 was later presented in, whereas after poisoning this bait type made up only 2-4% of total consumption. This shyness persisted for at least 11 weeks in one of the populations. No individual component (bait base, cinnamon lure or green dye) of the toxic bait could be isolated as the primary cue eliciting bait shyness as the response. Possible means of overcoming bait shyness are discussed in light of these findings.     

Efficacy and attractiveness of zinc phosphide bait in common voles (Microtus arvalis)

BACKGROUND: Minimising the concentration of active ingredient in rodenticide bait is desirable economically and for the protection of the agroecosystem. This study aimed to identify a zinc phosphide concentration that balances palatability and efficacy for common vole (Microtus arvalis Pall.) management and to compare the attractiveness of two bait carriers. RESULTS: Bait uptake of voles was reduced by 87–98% compared with plain bait when bait contained 0.4–3.2% zinc phosphide. There was an almost 50% decrease in the uptake of zinc phosphide when the zinc phosphide concentration of bait was doubled. Red dye used in commercially available bait decreased bait consumption by 10%. Daily consumption of zinc phosphide bait on days 2 to 5 was half the consumption on the first day of exposure. In bait choice tests, wheat kernels were preferred initially, but within 12 h similar amounts of wheat‐based pellets and wheat kernels were eaten. CONCLUSIONS: According to the results from the laboratory trial, a zinc phosphide concentration of 2.1% seemed to balance uptake/efficacy best and may be most appropriate for the management of common vole populations. This concentration is substantially lower than the concentration used in many registered products. A reduced concentration of active ingredient and the use of pellet bait instead of wheat which is highly attractive for birds may have advantages for agroecosystem health when applying zinc phosphide for rodent control. © Jens Jacob, Mechthild Budde and Angela Leukers, employees of the Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Germany. Printed with permission.     

Phytotoxicity of GF-120 NF Naturalyte fruit fly bait carrier on sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) foliage

BACKGROUND: Six sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) cultivars were tested with GF-120 with spinosad (0.2 g L(-1) spinosad bait) or without it (blank bait) to understand leaf phytotoxicity observed in the field. RESULTS: Spinosad bait and blank bait did not differ significantly with respect to damage observed. Leaf damage was found almost exclusively at the abaxial (lower) surfaces with the doses (0, 17, 20, 25 or 40%) and cultivars tested. The effects of the blank bait on abaxial surfaces increased from 24 to 168 h, and with dose, in terms of the proportion of droplets (0.00, 0.42, 0.52, 0.75 or 0.94) and area (0.0, 18.7, 23.5, 40.5 or 91.6 mm) burned. In addition, chlorophyll was reduced with increasing dose on abaxial surfaces (SPAD = 44.6, 36.1, 34.1, 31.0, 21.5), but not on adaxial (upper) surfaces (SPAD = 44.6, 44.2, 44.0, 44.8, 44.4). The chlorophyll level in undamaged leaves (adaxial surfaces) differed by cultivar. Cherry leaves were less damaged by a 20% bait application in June (0.26) than in July (0.46) and August (0.50). Incidental insect leaf feeding at bait locations occurred at a low rate and was highest on abaxial bait surfaces. CONCLUSIONS: Applying GF-120 to the adaxial leaf surface, or at doses of 相似文献   

Efficacy of noviflumuron gel bait for control of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae)-laboratory studies

The insecticidal activity of a cockroach gel bait containing a chitin synthesis inhibitor, noviflumuron, was evaluated using laboratory and field strains of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). Noviflumuron gel bait (0.01-5 mg g(-1)) caused > or = 90% nymphal mortality to laboratory and field strains of B. germanica in choice tests after 11 and 19 days of continuous exposure respectively. In 1 m x 1 m bioassay arenas, laboratory strain B. germanica population levels exposed to 5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait or 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait were significantly lower than untreated population levels after 3 weeks and 1 week of exposure respectively. Various noviflumuron bait exposure periods (2, 4 and 7 weeks) caused similar population reductions, with a mean of 99.3 (+/- 0.3)% at 7 weeks. Fipronil gel bait caused 100% population reduction at 2 weeks post-exposure. The control population increased 89.0% at 7 weeks. In a simulated kitchen experiment with mixed stage laboratory populations, cockroach trap catches decreased 96.8 (+/- 2.0)% at 8 weeks in the 0.5 mg g(-1) noviflumuron bait treatment. The trap catches in the control increased 506.5 (+/- 493.7)% during the same period. Trap catch reduction by 0.1 mg g(-1) fipronil gel bait reached 100% at 4 weeks. Noviflumuron bait caused significantly lower nymph/total ratios to B. germanica populations in bioassay arenas from 2 weeks after exposure, demonstrating its effectiveness as a control agent for B. germanica with a pattern of activity similar to that expected from a chitin synthesis inhibitor.     

硫氟磺酰胺、氟虫腈和苯氧威3种饵剂对红火蚁的防效初探

在红火蚁严重发生地区进行的药效试验表明,0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂投放后15d药效开始发挥,25d后处理蚁巢全部死亡,药后70d调查结果显示,其对红火蚁的校正防治效果高达94.1%;0.001%氟虫腈饵剂撒施后15d开始发挥药效,30d后蚁巢中无工蚁活动,药后70d调查显示其对红火蚁的防治效果为90.9%;0.5%苯氧威饵剂撒施后40d,在蚁巢中仍能监测到工蚁的活动,70d后调查结果表明其对红火蚁的防治效果为84.9%。统计分析结果说明,0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂和0.001%氟虫腈饵剂对红火蚁的防治效果好于0.5%苯氧威饵剂。由于0.001%氟虫腈饵剂和0.5%苯氧威饵剂是实验室临时配制,虽然其对红火蚁的诱食性较差,但仍能表现较好的防治效果。0.5%硫氟磺酰胺饵剂和0.001%氟虫腈饵剂可以用于红火蚁的防治,0.5%苯氧威饵剂配方需要进一步改进。     

Pesticides

Abstract

The anticoagulant chlorophacinone was evaluated in the laboratory for the control of the gerbils Tatera indica Hardwicke and Meriones hurrianae (Jerdon), which are major pests of agricultural crops, grassland and reforestation projects in the arid zone of India. Millet and sorghum grain treated with chlorophacinone was offered in no‐choice feeding tests. The results showed that 100% mortality occurred after seven and five days with 0.0075% chlorophacinone and after three and four days with 0.01% chlorophacinone in T. indica and M. hurrianae respectively. The anticoagulant‐treated bait was significantly less palatable than untreated bait, except bait containing 0.0075% chlorophacinone to T. indica. It is concluded that 0.0075% chlorophacinone can be effectively used to control the gerbils, especially bait‐shy populations previously exposed to zinc phosphide bait. Chlorophacinone appears to give more effective control than warfarin and fumarin, and slightly less effective control than brodifacoum.     

华北平原旱作区农田害鼠化学防治技术的优化筛选研究

作者研究了不同投饵方式,不同灭鼠季节和不同杀鼠剂的农田灭鼠效果,并研究了溴代毒鼠磷和磷化锌不同浓度与不同投饵量对农田害鼠的灭杀率,筛选出了农田灭鼠优化技术:封锁带式投饵,0.5%溴代毒鼠磷小麦毒饵每堆投饵2克,全年中灭鼠适期为3—4月份。这套优化灭鼠技术较从前采用的灭鼠技术提高了灭效,而且大幅度降低了灭鼠成本。     

华北平原旱作区农田害鼠化学防治技术的优化筛选研究

作者研究了不同投饵方式,不同灭鼠季节和不同杀鼠剂的农田灭鼠效果,并研究了溴代毒鼠磷和磷化锌不同浓度与不同投饵量对农田害鼠的灭杀率,筛选出了农田灭鼠优化技术:封锁带式投饵,0.5%溴代毒鼠磷小麦毒饵每堆投饵2克,全年中灭鼠适期为3-4月份。这套优化灭鼠技术较从前采用的灭鼠技术提高了灭效,而且大幅度降低了灭鼠成本。