金丝桃素粉剂对人工感染传染性囊病病毒鸡的疗效试验

金丝桃素是从贯叶连翘中提取的一种极具抗病毒活性成分。为了研究金丝桃素粉剂对腔上囊的治疗效果,对20日龄雏鸡人工感染传染性囊病病毒(IBDV BC-6/85)后,以不同的剂量连续4d口服金丝桃素粉剂。通过观察腔上囊和肌肉的出血情况,以及病原分离,评价该药物对鸡传染性囊病的治疗效果。结果表明:以667.9mg/kg体重的金丝桃素粉剂连续口服给药4d,能有效的治疗传染性囊病,效果优于对照药物高免卵黄抗体。     

金丝桃素浸膏的毒理学研究

金丝桃素是藤黄科金丝桃属植物贯叶连翘的有效成分。研究发现，金丝桃素具有抗抑郁、抗病毒及辅助治疗肿瘤等多种作用。中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所药物研究室通过提取、分离得到了金丝桃素浸膏，并对其进行了药理、药效和临床验证试验，结果发现金丝桃素对由A型流感病毒引起的禽流感具有较好的预防和治疗作用。为了解其毒性情况，以小白鼠、大白鼠和雏鸡为试验动物进行了急性毒性和亚急性毒性试验，现介绍如下。     

“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”对鸡新城疫的防治效果

用纯中药复方制剂“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”对鸡新城疫强毒攻击雏鸡进行预防和治疗,结果显示,按体重1 g/kg.d、0.5 g/kg.d和0.25g/kg.d口服该制剂,连续使用7 d,能不同程度地保护雏鸡抵抗NDV强毒致死性攻击,与攻毒对照组相比,死亡率最大降幅为56%,感染前和感染同时用药比感染后用药效果好,剂量以0.5 g/kg.d为好。试验结果证明,“双黄杀毒退烧颗粒”可有效保护雏鸡抵抗NDV强毒的致死性攻击。     

金丝桃素的提取纯化工艺研究

用乙醇从贯叶连翘中提取金丝桃素并对其进行纯化,考察了金丝桃素的工艺流程.用乙醚作为除杂剂,用乙醇热浸贯叶连翘,后浓缩浸提液为浸膏;用热水溶解浸膏,乙酸乙酯萃取,浓缩萃取液为浸膏(粗提物).然后再用乙醇溶解,利用树脂柱层析分离纯化金丝桃素,减压浓缩洗脫液,干燥,即得金丝桃素产品.经HPLC测定,结果表明:该产品中金丝桃素的含量高达1.2% ;该工艺不但有效改善了金丝桃素产品易吸湿、易发粘的缺点,而且具有操作简单,经济易行的特点.     

芩芍颗粒对雏鸡胃肠功能及其血清D-木糖含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力的影响

该试验旨在研究芩芍颗粒对恩诺沙星致雏鸡胃肠功能异常及其血清D-木糖含量和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力的影响.选择1日龄健康荣昌本地鸡,灌服恩诺沙星后,用不同剂量芩芍颗粒对其进行调理,然后测其血清乙酰胆碱酯酶活力,再灌服D-木糖,5d后检测血清D-木糖含量.结果显示,雏鸡灌服2 g/kg体重的恩诺沙星可溶性粉1周,分别饲喂2.5 g/kg、5 g/kg、7.5 g/kg体重剂量的芩芍颗粒后,生长性能得到明显改善,血清D-木糖含量增加和乙酰胆碱酯酶活力提高,与恩诺沙星组相比,P＜0.01;剂量为5 g/kg、7.5 g/kg体重的调理效果优于2.5 g/kg体重,P＜0.05.表明芩芍颗粒能有效调理由恩诺沙星引起的胃肠功能障碍,提高雏鸡的生长性能.     

重铬酸钾对雏鸡的毒性试验

为探讨鸡球虫疫苗保存液重铬酸钾对雏鸡的安全性,采用灌胃途径,分别进行急性毒性试验和低剂量毒性试验,观察攻毒雏鸡的临床症状、剖检病变和病理组织学变化,判断重铬酸钾对雏鸡的损害程度。结果表明,重铬酸钾对雏鸡的半数致死量（LD50）为0.501 g/kg体重,是临床推荐用量（约3.125 mg/kg体重）的160倍以上;0.464 g/kg体重以上的重铬酸钾对雏鸡的心脏、肝脏、肺脏、腺胃和肾脏均有不同程度的损伤;常规免疫用量的5、20倍时对雏鸡无害。     

大孔吸附树脂分离纯化贯叶连翘中的金丝桃素

以贯叶连翘粗提浸膏为材料,考察六种大孔吸附树脂分离纯化金丝桃素的性能。采用静态、动态吸附方法筛选树脂,以中压分离方法确定分离纯化的条件。结果表明:HZ-801树脂以其高吸附率、高洗脱率成为优选的分离填料,其最佳分离纯化条件为:进样液质量浓度为0.1125 g/m L,进样速度为5.0 m L/min、洗脱速度为20 m L/min,0~95%乙醇溶液梯度洗脱,金丝桃素的纯度为79.11%。HZ-801可以较好分离纯化金丝桃素,纯化工艺具有较大实践性及参考价值。     

狐常用药物剂量

药物名称单位用法剂量主要作用与用途复方新诺明g口服或拌料20.0￣25.0mg/kg体重治疗狐脑膜炎土霉素g拌料0.01%治疗狐呼吸道疾病,消化道疾病硫酸新霉素mg口服或拌料10.0￣25.0mg/kg体重治疗狐大肠杆菌病氧氟沙星mg肌肉注射2.5￣5.0mg/kg体重治疗狐急、慢性呼吸道疾病,顽固性腹泻灰黄霉素mg口服20.0mg/kg体重治疗狐皮肤毛癣,甲、爪癣鞣酸蛋白g口服0.5￣1.0g/只治疗狐急性肠炎,非细菌性腹泻黄体酮mg肌肉注射2.2￣4.4mg/kg体重治疗狐先兆性流产,习惯性流产氯丙嗪mg口服0.6￣1.0mg/kg体重治疗狐自咬症扑热息痛g口服0.1￣1.0g/次用于解热、镇痛狐…     

甜叶菊对肌胃糜烂素病理雏鸡的解毒生理作用分析研究

试验旨在考察甜叶菊对肌胃糜烂病症雏鸡肌胃的解毒效果。选取8只4日龄雏鸡分成3组。肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡每天饲喂10 mg/kg肌胃糜烂素，甜叶菊+肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡每天饲喂10 mg/kg肌胃糜烂素+2 000 mg/kg甜叶菊提取物，空白对照组雏鸡正常饲喂基础日粮。试验期7 d。结果表明：肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡体重增长速度较慢，并有死亡现象，甜叶菊+肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡体重增长速度优于肌胃糜烂素组。肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡腺胃肿大，有红色斑点，肝脏颜色变浅且易碎，胃液增多，pH值降至2.3，胃黏膜糜烂。甜叶菊+肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡的腺胃糜烂程度比肌胃糜烂素组有所减轻，平均胃液量相比空白对照组增加了53.3μL，比肌胃糜烂素组降低了43.3μL；而胃液pH值相比空白对照组降低了0.6，比肌胃糜烂素组增加了0.7。甜叶菊+肌胃糜烂素组雏鸡胃蛋白酶活性、肌胃糜烂素含量均低于肌胃糜烂素组。研究表明，肌胃糜烂素对雏鸡生长具有抑制作用，促使雏鸡肌胃出现糜烂，而甜叶菊对雏鸡的肌胃糜烂病症具有一定的解毒效果。     

乌腺金丝桃急性毒性试验及对小白鼠血液部分指标的影响

为了研究乌腺金丝桃的毒性及其对血液部分生理指标的影响,试验采用体重18~22 g的小白鼠,经口灌胃不同浓度的乌腺金丝桃溶液,通过预试验和急性毒性试验观察、记录小白鼠的临床表现,测定其部分血液生理指标、肝指数等。结果表明:给药组和对照组小白鼠临床表现、肝指数均差异不显著(P0.05),部分血液生理指标差异显著(P0.05)。说明乌腺金丝桃急性毒性低,不同剂量药物对部分血液生理指标有影响。     

白术、微米白术和白术多糖对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠道形态及微生态区系的影响

试验选用96头平均体重14.82 kg左右的杜×长×大断奶仔猪,随机分成4组,每组3栏,每栏8头(公母各半)。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1、2、3组分别添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖和1%微米白术。试验期30 d。结果表明:在生长性能方面,与对照组相比,1%微米白术添加组可显著提高日增重(P0.05)、降低饲料增重比和腹泻率,而且效果优于1%80目白术组和0.2%白术多糖组,在肠道形态和肠道微生态区系方面,与对照组相比,日粮添加1%80目白术、0.2%白术多糖、1%微米白术均可不同程度的提高十二指肠和空肠的绒毛高度,加深十二指肠和空肠的隐窝深度,并且增加肠道微生态区系的多样性,其中以1%微米白术添加组的效果最佳。     

Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia

Sissay, M.M., Uggla, A. and Waller, P.J., XXXX. Prevalence and seasonal incidence of nematode parasites and fluke infections of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia. Tropical Animal Health and Production, XXXX. A 2-year abattoir survey was carried out to determine the prevalence, abundance and seasonal incidence of gastro-intestinal (GI) nematodes and trematodes (flukes) of sheep and goats in the semi-arid zone of eastern Ethiopia. During May 2003 to April 2005, viscera including liver, lungs and GI tracts were collected from 655 sheep and 632 goats slaughtered at 4 abattoirs located in the towns of Haramaya, Harar, Dire Dawa and Jijiga in eastern Ethiopia. All animals were raised in the farming areas located within the community boundaries for each town. Collected materials were transported within 24 h to the parasitology laboratory of Haramaya University for immediate processing. Thirteen species belonging to 9 genera of GI nematodes (Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus axei, T. colubriformis, T. vitrinus, Nematodirus filicollis, N. spathiger, Oesophagostomum columbianum, O. venulosum, Strongyloides papillosus, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Trichuris ovis, Cooperia curticei and Chabertia ovina), and 4 species belonging to 3 genera of trematodes (Fasciola hepatica, F. gigantica, Paramphistomum {Calicohoron} microbothrium and Dicrocoelium dendriticum) were recorded in both sheep and goats. All animals in this investigation were infected with multiple species to varying degrees. The mean burdens of adult nematodes were generally moderate in both sheep and goats and showed patterns of seasonal abundance that corresponded with the bi-modal annual rainfall pattern, with highest burdens around the middle of the rainy season. In both sheep and goats there were significant differences in the mean worm burdens and abundance of the different nematode species between the four geographic locations, with worm burdens in the Haramaya and Harar areas greater than those observed in the Dire Dawa and Jijiga locations. Similar seasonal variations were also observed in the prevalence of flukes. But there were no significant differences in the prevalence of each fluke species between the four locations. Overall, the results showed that Haemonchus, Trichostrongylus, Nematodirus, Oesophagostomum, Fasciola and Paramphistomum species were the most abundant helminth parasites of sheep and goats in eastern Ethiopia.     

Internal Parasites and Haematological Values in Cattle Slaughtered in Buea Subdivision of Cameroon

Tropical Animal Health and Production -     

Phase I evaluation of CCNU (lomustine) in tumor-bearing cats

1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.     

Chemotaxis of macrophage in inflammation

Our particular attention in this article was given to natural mediators for macrophages isolated from the sites of tissue injury. A number of chemotactic factors, which may satisfy many criteria making them acceptable as inflammatory leucocyte chemotactic factors, has been separated. Among them, our laboratory has isolated three macrophage (monocyte) chemotactic factors (MCF-a, -b and -c). Their purification, characterization and functional specificity are discussed.     

Prevalence of gastric lesions in racing Alaskan sled dogs

Human and equine athletes are reported to have a high prevalence of gastric disease, and anecdotal evidence suggests a similar phenomenon applies to racing sled dogs. To investigate the prevalence of gastric disease in racing sled dogs, we conducted 2 gastroscopy studies on dogs competing in the annual Iditarod Sled Dog Race. A pilot study of dogs that were either dropped from the 2000 Iditarod Sled Dog Race because of illness or that finished the race indicated that, approximately 5 days after competing, 10 of 28 dogs (35%) had endoscopic evidence of gastric ulceration, erosion, or hemorrhage. The next year, an endoscopic study of 73 dogs participating in the 2001 Iditarod race was performed in order to evaluate a larger population of dogs. Data from 70 of these dogs could be used; 34 (48.5%) had ulceration, erosion, gastric hemorrhage, or some combination of these findings. When this group of 70 dogs was compared retrospectively to a control group of 87 dogs presented to the Texas A&M University (TAMU) Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, the Iditarod sled dogs had a significantly higher prevalence (P = .049) of gastric lesions. These findings suggest that, similar to athletes of other species, elite canine athletes have an increased prevalence of gastric disease compared to the canine population at large.     

Y‐chromosomal variation of local goat breeds of Turkey close to the domestication centre

Genetic variations in chromosome Y are enabling researchers to identify paternal lineages, which are informative for introgressions and migrations. In this study, the male‐specific region markers, sex‐determining region‐Y (SRY), amelogenin (AMELY) and zinc finger (ZFY) were analysed in seven Turkish native goat breeds, Angora, Kilis, Hair, Honaml?, Norduz, Gürcü and Abaza. A SNP in the ZFY gene defined a new haplotype Y2C. All domestic haplogroups originate from Capra aegagrus, while the finding of Y1A, Y1B, Y2A and Y2C in 32, 4, 126 and 2 Turkish domestic goats, respectively, appears to indicate a predomestic origin of the major haplotypes. The occurrence of four haplotypes in the Hair goat and, in contrast, a frequency of 96% of Y1A in the Kilis breed illustrate that Y‐chromosomal variants have a more breed‐dependent distribution than mitochondrial or autosomal DNA. This probably reflects male founder effects, but a role in adaptation cannot be excluded.     

Furosemide continuous rate infusion in the horse: evaluation of enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects

Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.     

Changes in proportion of canine urinary calculi composed of calcium oxalate or struvite in specimens analyzed from 1981 through 2001

The objective of this report was to characterize 20-year changes in proportion of calcium oxalate (CaOx) calculi and struvite calculi in dogs, and associations with breed, age, and sex. In this retrospective study, results of analysis of urinary calculi from dogs were reviewed for specimens received between July 1, 1981, and December 31, 2001. Breed, sex, age, year of submission of the specimen, and mineral type(s) were analyzed statistically. CaOx or Struvite or both were contained in 18,966 of 20,884 (91%) specimens. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant increase was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained CaOx. The increase in this proportion was greater in females (1% to 31%) than in males (18% to 82%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions may have plateaued, the odds of specimens containing CaOx were markedly higher in 18 breeds, markedly lower in 5 breeds, and not significantly different in 13 breeds compared with crossbreds. For both sexes, a 20-year statistically significant decrease was observed in the proportion of calculus specimens that contained struvite. This decrease in proportion was greater for males (79-16%) than for females (97-68%). From 1998 to 2001, when proportions plateaued, the odds of calculi containing struvite were markedly lower in 20 breeds, markedly higher in 1 breed, and not significantly different in 15 breeds when compared with crossbreds. Breed, age, and sex were associated statistically with CaOx or struvite urolithiasis. In conclusion, there appears to have been a long-term increase in the proportion of specimens of canine urinary calculi that contain CaOx as well as a long-term decrease in the proportion of specimens of calculi that contain struvite for both male and female dogs. The rate of change appeared to begin leveling off in the period 1998 to 2001. The recent proportion of dogs with either CaOx- or struvite-associated urolithiasis may depend on breed, age, and sex, and on interactions among these 3 factors.     

Smart Phone Assisted City-scale Wireless Sensor Network Deployment for Transportation System Monitoring

<正>1.INTRODUCTION Ensuring transportation network security is one Of the most daunting challenges confronting homeland security agencies today.Significant research has been dedicated.To model and analyze the vulnerability of transportation systems,while notably fewer studies propose specific strategies for deploying defensive technologies to safeguard these systems.