共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
针对沙漠高温、强光照以及养分贫瘠等特点,研制了复合植物营养元素抗旱保水剂。通过甘草栽培试验,选出与甘草根系具有良好的相容性,并具有较优性能的复合植物营养元素抗旱保水剂作为沙漠条件下种植甘草的最佳材料。试验结果表明,复合植物营养元素抗旱保水剂的制备,营养元素含量约1.0%时,其平衡吸纯水倍率可达450~800g/g,平衡吸盐水倍率可达50~70g/g,吸水后具有良好的凝胶强度,与沙混合可增强透气性。将其应用于模拟沙漠干旱条件下甘草的栽培,用量在1.0%~1.5%之间时,既能保持外部环境干旱缺水条件下甘草根际水分含量,又能为甘草生长提供全面充足的养分 相似文献
2.
3.
抗旱、耐盐基因类型及其机理的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
CHENG Ji-dong AN Yu-lin SUN Rui-fen LIU Li-ping ZHANG Qi-chen Agricultural College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University Huhhot China Biotechnology Research Center of Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture Animal Husbandry Sciences Huhhot China Ecological Environment Monitoring Station In Inner Mongolia Huhhot China 《华北农学报》2006,(Z3)
不良的环境因子如干旱、盐碱等严重影响着农作物的正常生长发育和产量,培育高抗性和高产优质的粮食作物,成为缓解世界粮食安全的有效途径。文章就目前国内外在抗旱、抗盐碱等抗逆基因的类型、作用机理以及相关转基因作物存在的问题进行了综述。 相似文献
4.
6.
受气候复杂多变的影响,小麦生长期间干旱胁迫成为影响其产量的主要因素之一,利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性非常必要。目前,已鉴定出一部分与小麦抗旱性相关并可以提高产量的基因,但与水稻、玉米和其他粮食作物相比,对抗旱转基因小麦的开发研究较少。文章重点关注小麦耐旱性的评价标准以及转基因小麦品种在提高抗旱性方面的进展,讨论了当前在转基因小麦方面取得的一些成就和发展中存在的问题,以期为小麦抗旱性基因工程育种提供理论依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
干旱严重影响植物的生长发育,从在干旱胁迫下,植物的根系结构;叶片的组织含水量、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量变化;渗透势和参与渗透调节的脯氨酸(Pro)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、脱落酸(ABA)及甜菜碱活性和含量的变化;抗旱调节和功能蛋白的产生和作用及抗旱基因工程等方面,探讨了植物抗旱的机制及研究进展。 相似文献
9.
10.
11.
12.
Y. Shakhatreh O. Kafawin S. Ceccarelli & H. Saoub 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2001,186(2):119-127
An experiment was conducted at five locations in Jordan (Khanasri, annual rainfall 150 mm; Ramtha, 225 mm; Muwaqar, 150 mm; Rabba, 350 mm; Ghweer, 250 mm) during the 1996/1997 growing season, to evaluate the yield performance and some agronomic traits of 84 barley breeding lines and three long‐term checks (Zanbaka, Arta and Klaxon) for drought tolerance. An α‐lattice design with two replications and six incomplete blocks for each replication was used. Genotype 6 (WI2291/Tadmor) was found to be superior in grain yield, especially compared to the best check (Arta) at the two wettest locations (Rabba and Ghweer). Genotype 21 (Mo.B1337/WI2291/5/Emir/Sb//CM67/3/F8‐HB‐854‐23/121//148‐221/4/CI 08887/CI05761) out‐yielded the best check (Arta) at the driest location (Khanasri), while genotype 61 (Salmas/Arabia Aswad) produced a higher grain yield than the best check (Zanbaka) at Ramtha. The correlations amongst grain yield, biological yield, straw yield, plant height and harvest index were always significant and positive regardless of the location. The correlations amongst days to heading, days to maturity and grain yield were significant at the two driest locations only. This suggests that different phonologies are required to maximize grain yield in wet and dry environments. Also, the relationship between grain yield and the length of grain‐filling period was positive in the wettest location (Rabba), negative in the driest (Khanasri) and not significant at the two intermediate locations. These results emphasize the importance of selection in the target environment and the need to develop early‐maturing genotypes as a way of withstanding drought and high temperatures during the grain‐filling period. A high and negative correlation coefficient was found between the drought susceptibility index and grain yield at the driest site, whereas at the wettest site the correlation coefficient was lower and in some cases positive, indicating the existence of traits that are desirable under drought and undesirable under favourable conditions. 相似文献
13.
14.
干旱严重影响小麦的生长发育及产量,小麦抗旱育种是保障小麦生产的重要措施,利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性是优于传统育种的有效途径。抗旱基因主要包括调节基因(蛋白激酶、蛋白酶和转录因子基因)和功能基因。目前,已证实的可提高小麦抗旱性的基因主要为转录因子基因CBF/DREB1、MYB、NAC(NAM、ATAF1、ATAF2和CUC2)、HD-Zip和WRKY等和功能基因LEA蛋白基因、甜菜碱合成酶基因和海藻糖合成酶基因等。本文从转录因子基因和功能基因2个方面概述国内外利用基因工程技术提高小麦抗旱性的研究进展,并对目前存在的问题进行分析,以期为小麦抗旱遗传改良及育种提供参考。 相似文献
15.
不同年代玉米品种苗期耐旱性的比较分析 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
我国北方地区时常发生春旱,严重影响玉米生产。因此苗期耐旱性是玉米育种中需要考虑的一个重要性状。本试验选用20世纪50年代以来玉米品种35个, 包括50年代农家种4个,60年代双交种4个,70年代以后的单交种27个,在旱棚内鉴定苗期耐旱性,调查幼苗的生物量(鲜重和干重), 计算各品种的耐旱系数,分析苗期耐旱系数随年代及年份变化的趋势,并根据耐旱指数对70年代以来的27个单交种进行聚类。结果表明,干旱处理对供试品种生物量的影响显著。我国玉米品种的苗期耐旱性50至60年代快速提高,60年代及70年代以后呈下降趋势,70年代以来的27个单交种可分为3类,耐旱性强杂交种有鲁单50、群单105、农大108、掖单13、掖单4号、郑单2号,耐旱性弱的杂交种有农大3138、农大60、沈单16,其余为中间类型。下一步育种工作的重点之一是在自交系选育中加大干旱压力,为进而培育耐旱的杂交种奠定基础。 相似文献
16.
Screening Soybean Genotypes for Drought and Heat Tolerance 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Several soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] germplasms from maturity groups III through VII were evaluated at three osmotic potential levels (-0.017, 0.3 and -0.5 MPa) using polyethylene glycol M.W. 8000 and four temperature regimes (10, 25, 50 and 110°C) for drought and heat tolerance, respectively. Heat injury varied significantly among growth stages with the highest heat injury occurring at the flowering stage. Susceptibility to heat injury decreased toward maturity with the exception of a few genotypes. Genotypic variability was found among the lines in both drought and heat tolerance tests. This study identified the lines PI 408.155, PI 423.827B, PI 423.759 and Pershing as both drought and heat tolerant. In general, the larger-seeded lines failed to germinate at -0.50 MPa. A positive and significant relationship between promptness index and germina-tion stress index was found. However, no significant correlation was observed between germination stress index and the heat tolerance test. Based on the results from the germination test, lines PI 393.550, PI393.547, PI 86.103, PI 171.437, PI 86.490 and PI 423.852 had high germination stress indices and need further testing for heat stress tolerance. 相似文献
17.
18.
PEG胁迫方法评价棉花幼苗耐旱性研究 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
分别选用8个陆地棉、2个海岛棉、2个亚洲棉品种作为材料进行耐旱水平试验,以PEG6000作为水分胁迫剂,对棉花种子萌发期、芽期、子叶期和真叶期材料分别进行处理,得出了耐旱水平变化曲线,结果验证棉花耐旱性鉴定关键时期应在3~6片真叶幼苗.用不同浓度PEG6000对具有3~6片真叶的棉花幼苗进行12 h连续处理后,统计其成活率.研究表明:PEG6000溶液浓度为17%(W/V)时,棉花幼苗的成活率与田间旱棚鉴定结果有较高的一致性.此方法简单、快速,易操作,基本可用于棉花品种的耐旱性评价与鉴定工作,并将为棉花耐旱分子生物学研究奠定基础. 相似文献
19.
37个玉米新品种(组合)耐旱性评价 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为评价37个玉米新品种(组合)的耐旱性潜力,采用4种控水处理对玉米植株性状和产量性状进行了分析评价。结果表明,水分胁迫对穗长、秃尖长、行粒数、百粒重、ASI和单株产量6个性状有显著或极显著影响。水分胁迫使玉米品种抽丝散粉间隔期延长,秃尖变长,结实率降低,行粒数减少,籽粒变小,百粒重下降,单株产量降低。应用模糊数学隶属函数法综合评价分析,‘帮豪玉509’、‘忠玉9号’、D36、BH0310和D30综合耐旱性较强,D23、D3、D26和BH3404综合耐旱性较差。 相似文献