不同抚育间伐强度和方法对马尾松人工林生长量的影响

对马尾松人工林采用不同抚育间伐强度和间伐方法后进行林分生长量比较,结果表明,抚育间伐的株数强度以第一次35%,第二次15%较为适宜,马尾松的林分生长量最高,林分总蓄积量达264.982 m3/hm2;抚育间伐方法以两次都采用下层疏伐对促进马尾松林分生长的效果最为显著,林分总蓄积量达221.588 m3/hm2。关鍵词：马尾松;人工林;抚育采伐;间伐强度;间伐方法;生长量     

杉木林间伐强度试验20年生长效应的研究

1976年6月在江西省奉新县下林场开展间伐强度对杉木林生长效应的定位研究,供试林分10年生,1996年11月,历时20年。结果表明:强度、中度、弱度间伐林分平均树高及其定期生长量均比对照有所提高,增加约3%~8%,但定期生长量无显著差异,间伐不能有效促进树高生长。间伐林分平均胸径及其定期生长量比对照分别增加约7%~19%和6%~28%,均显著或极显著大于对照,间伐可有效促进胸径生长。间伐林分总断面积及其定期生长量比对照分别增加约4%~6%和1%~7%,但间伐强度之间无显著差异;间伐林分保留木断面积小于对照,间伐不能有效增加林分总断面积、保留木断面积及其生长量。间伐林分单株材积及其定期生长量于伐后5年和8年即有显著或极显著差异,间伐可以有效促进林分个体生长量。间伐林分单位面积材积总生长量比对照增加约2%~4%,保留木材积、活立木主伐材积及其定期生长量与对照比较增减值均在允许误差范围之内,差异不显著,间伐不能有效增加材积生长量及其总产量。按生长效果而言,杉木林实行占株数40%左右强度间伐为宜。     

直干桉人工林幼中龄不同间伐量及施肥的对比试验

对 6~10年生幼中龄期直干桉人工林不同间伐量及施肥效应的对比试验结果表明, 不同间伐量及施肥对直干桉林木的生长和地上部分的生物量均存在显著的影响。此龄期的直干桉人工林以间伐后林木保留株数为 61株·m-2的林分为最佳。通过分析主伐保留株数对直干桉林分生长量、生物量的影响, 得知如果以径阶 18 22cm为培育目标, 此直干桉人工林最适宜的保留株数为 617 ~697株·hm-2。此外, 中龄期施肥有利于提高直干桉人工林的生长量、生物量和蓄积量, 故在生产中除幼龄期必须施肥外, 中龄期也应该适当施肥。     

抚育间伐对红松人工林生长的影响

利用红松人工林45a的定位观测数据,分析不同间伐强度对林分生长的影响。结果表明:抚育间伐能促进红松人工林平均胸径的生长,提高大径材的比例,缩短大径材的培育年限。2012年极强区林分平均胸径达到35.8cm,大径材株数比例达到90.32%。适度地抚育间伐能提高林分活立木蓄积量连年生长量,过度地抚育间伐降低了林分活立木蓄积量连年生长量。林分自然稀疏强度随间伐强度的增大而减少,极强区枯损率最低,仅为0.125%。抚育间伐能提高林分总蓄积量。2012年中度区林分总蓄积量最大,为603.991 5m3/hm2。极强区大径材蓄积量最大;强度区大径材株数最多,中度区次之。综合考虑,中度区最有利于提高林分生产力,效果最好。     

抚育间伐对油松及华北落叶松人工林生长量的影响

以内蒙古蛮汉山林场油松、华北落叶松人工林为研究对象,对间伐林分进行生长趋势分析,结果表明:(1)抚育后明显促进树木直径的生长,并随着林分单位面积株数的减少平均直径增加,同时抚育强度越大,直径平均生长量也越大;(2)间伐对树高生长有一定的促进作用,但不明显,与间伐强度无明显的相关性;(3)在一定密度范围内,抚育能提高林分单株材积生长量,并且随抚育强度增大,林分单株材积生长量呈递增趋势;(4)间伐初期林分单位面积蓄积小于未间伐林分,但随着林龄的增大,间伐林分蓄积向未间伐林分渐近;间伐强度越大,年平均生长量越大.     

重庆地区马尾松人工林不同间伐强度试验

为探明不同间伐强度对重庆地区马尾松人工林生长的影响,在重庆市綦江区北部林场选择马尾松人工纯林(18年生)开展抚育间伐试验,分别设置弱度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的15%,保留密度1410株·hm~(-2))、中度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的30%,保留密度1155株·hm~(-2))、较强度间伐(间伐株数占总株数的45%,保留密度900株·hm~(-2))、不间伐(保留密度1650株·hm~(-2))等4种间伐强度。间伐3 a后调查结果表明,抚育间伐能显著提高马尾松人工林林分胸径的生长,林分平均胸径的生长量在一定范围内随间伐强度的增大而明显提高;不同间伐强度对马尾松林分平均树高生长的影响无显著差异;单位面积林分蓄积量大小依次为:间伐强度30%>间伐强度15%>对照组>间伐强度45%。说明间伐强度30%已达到了最佳的林分质量和收获量,是该区域马尾松人工林最优的抚育间伐强度,而1155株·hm~(-2)是较合理的伐后密度。     

不同间伐强度对云南松人工林生长影响的研究

在云南省石屏牛达林场小白得林区,对造林密度为4 464株/hm2的14年生云南松人工林,设置了伐除林分中林木株数15%、25%、35%、50%的4个间伐强度试验,以研究不同间伐强度对云南松人工林生长的影响。通过对不同间伐强度间伐3年后林木的胸径、树高生长量和林分单株材积以及单位面积活立木蓄积生长量的测试分析,提出该云南松人工林幼林期最佳的间伐强度为35%。     

秃杉抚育间伐初步研究

通过对安溪县福前农场造林密度为2 505株.hm-2的9年生秃杉林分设置极强度间伐(60%)、强度间伐(40%)、弱度间伐(20%)及不间伐(对照)4个处理,间伐3 a后,调查林分胸径、树高、单株材积、蓄积量等指标,研究不同间伐强度对其生长量的影响。结果表明:不同间伐强度对林分胸径生长、单株材积、蓄积量的影响都达到显著水平,而对树高生长有一定影响,但差异不显著。综合分析表明,对9年生的秃杉林分,选择强度间伐(间伐总株数的40%)进行抚育间伐较为合适。     

抚育间伐对栓皮栎人工林直径和树高分布的影响

[目的]以河南登封林场栓皮栎人工林为研究对象,研究抚育间伐对林分不同生长阶段林木株数、林木直径分布和树高分布的影响,为制定科学合理的抚育经营措施奠定理论和技术基础.[方法]在株数强度为31.55％的间伐林分和条件基本一致的未间伐林分内,分别设置1个1 hm2样地,间伐作业2 a后获取每木检尺数据,分别利用Normal分...     

不同间伐强度对桉树人工林林分的影响

为探究不同间伐强度对桉树人工林林分的具体影响和作用规律,提升桉树人工林的栽培技术和单株生产力,以广西壮族自治区国有六万林场的桉树人工林为例,对不同间伐强度对桉树人工林林分的影响进行了实测研究分析,首先阐述研究区概况、样地设置和实验方法,再根据林分因子实验数据,分析了不同抚育间伐强度对林分胸径、林分树高和林分材积的影响,结果表明：林分胸径方面,强度间伐样地的总生长量和连年生长量均为最高,分别是20.62 cm和2.67 cm,说明强度抚育间伐对抚育间伐后桉树胸径的增长效果最好,并且抚育间伐有利于促进桉树胸径平均生长量的增长;林分树高方面,强度间伐样地的总生长量和平均生长量均为最高,分别是27.84 cm和3.58 cm,说明不同间伐强度对桉树人工林林分树高的生长有促进作用,但是作用较小;林分材积方面,强度间伐样地的总生长量、连年生长量和平均生长量均为最高,分别是0.4321、0.0656和0.0636 cm,说明间伐强度的越大,桉树人工林林分单株材积总生长量越大,并且抚育间伐对于桉树林分单株材积的影响较大,研究旨在为类似桉树人工林的营林发展提供助力。     

冀北山地华北落叶松人工林与天然次生油松林不同坡位生长状况研究

在冀北木兰围场自然保护区内,通过对比华北落叶松[Larixgmellini（Rupr．）Rupr]人工林与天然次生油松（P／nustabulaeformiscarr）林不同坡位的连年生长量与平均生长量,建立生长过程曲线方程并拟合树高与胸径之间的关系,分析两种林型内乔木树种的生长过程。结果表明：（1）落叶松人工林不同坡位样地内,标准木的拟合生长模型基本相似;材积连年及平均生长速率排序为：坡底落叶松〉坡中落叶松〉坡顶落叶松。（2）天然次生油松林不同坡位样地内材积平均生长量均随着年龄的增长而增加,油松标准木的生长过程基本相同,且标准木的拟合生长模型基本相似。但坡中油松立木材积平均生长量高于坡地和坡顶。（3）相同坡位样地内人工林与天然林间的连年生长曲线存在明显差异性。油松林生理年龄高于落叶松林,标准木达到材积数量成熟的年龄比落叶松大,单株立木材积量较大。（4）人工落叶松林和天然油松次生林内乔木树种的胸径与树高问存在密切的相关性,其相关系数均达到0．9以上。     

A basal area increment model for individual trees growing in even- and uneven-aged forest stands in Austria

Because of the gradual shift from pure even-aged forest management in central Europe, existing yield tables are becoming increasingly unreliable for forest management decisions. Individual tree-based stand growth modeling can make accurate stand growth predictions for the full range of conditions between pure even-aged and mixed-species uneven-aged stands. The central model in such a simulator is basal area increment for individual trees. Spatial information is not needed, and age and site index are intentionally not used to gain generality for all possible stand conditions. A basal area increment model is developed for all the main forest species in Austria: spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), larch (Larix decidua), Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), black pine (Pinus nigra), stone pine (Pinus cembra), beech (Fagus silvatica), oak (Quercus robur, Quercus petraea and Quercus cerris), and for all other broadleaf species combined. The Austrian National Forest Inventory provided 5-year basal area increment from 44 761 remeasured trees growing on 5416 forested plots in the 1980s. This large sample is representative of forest conditions and forest management practices throughout Austria and therefore provides an excellent data base for the development of an increment model. The resulting increment model explained from 20 to 63% of the variation for all nine species and from 33 to 63% of the variation if the minor species Pinus cembra is excluded. These results compared quite closely with those of Wykoff for mixed conifer stands in the Northern Rocky Mountains. In the Austrian model, size variables (breast height diameter and crown length) accounted for 14–47% of the variation in basal area increment, depending on tree species. The best competition measure was the basal area of larger trees, which provides a tree-specific measure of competition without requiring spatial information; crown competition factor provided only minor improvement. Competition variables accounted for 9% of the variation on average, and up to 15% for some species. Topographic factors (elevation, slope, aspect) explained up to 3% of the variation, as did soil factors. Remaining site factors; such as vegetation type and growth district accounted for a maximum of 3% of the variation in increment. In total, site factors explained from 2 to 6% of the variation. Even though site factors account for a small percentage of the variation, they are not only significant, but serve to localize a particular prediction. These species-specific interrelationships between basal area increment and the various size, competition, and site varibles correspond quite well with ecological expectations and silvicultural understanding of these species in Austria. Because the sample base is so strong, the resulting growth models can be recommended not only for all of Austria but for surrounding regions with similar growth conditions.     

汪清地区4种林分经营模式效果分析

本研究在汪清林业局选定4块样板林,分别对采育林后续经营、低质低效林改造、红松果材林培育、珍贵树种大径级材林培育4种经营模式进行检测和分析.结果表明:采育林后续经营样地平均胸径增长量比对照高0.23 cm,公顷蓄积增长量高3.70 m3,平均年生长量高1.85 m3;低质低效林改造经营样地平均胸径增长量比对照高0.20 ...     

杉木综合科技示范林调查初报

对杉木综合科技示范林的５年连续调查表明，示范林杉木的历年生长量均超过杉木速生丰产林部颁标准和尤溪县项目造林平均生长量。其生长量比杉木速生丰产林标准提高１０％－１５％，起到了示范和样板作用。     

Diameter Increment in Picea abies Shelterwood Stands in Northern Sweden

In this study, the effect of shelterwood density on radial increment and stem form changes was evaluated after 9 yrs for a trial in a forest in northern Sweden dominated by Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. Radial increment increased after the shelterwood cut, compared with control stands. The effect was of the same magnitude for sparse and dense shelterwoods. The response started in the third growing season and increased until the seventh season after release. The relative increment response was highest in the lower parts of the tree trunk, which indicates a reallocation of increment during the shelterwood period, causing a slight taper deterioration.     

秦岭华山松红桦混交林与纯林生长调查

通过研究,17a生华山松混交林,树高、胸径和材积的总生长量均比同期纯林要大,树高、胸径的连年生长量下降趋势比纯林慢,材积连年生长量上升比纯林快.8a生华山松仅树高定期生长量比纯林大,胸径与材积定期生长量不及纯林.混交林的叶量、叶面积及单位重量的叶绿素含量均比纯林高.华山松营养根呈簇状疏散分布,无明显主根,根系分布浅而细根密集,根系总长度比纯林大20％以上,种间根系无互相排斥现象.     

红豆树在混交林(红豆×杉木)中的生长规律研究

对不同林分类型红豆树生长差异的研究结果表明 :混交林中的红豆树 5年生前树高、胸径及 10年生前材积生长状况与纯林差异不大 ;10年生后 ,混交林中红豆树生长能力增强 ,生长量明显超过纯林。生长后期 (33年生后 )的总生长量比纯林大 ,但连年生长量急剧下降 ,表明混交林已到达成熟期     

Estimating forest biomass increment based on permanent sample plots in relation to woodfuel consumption: a case study in Kampong Thom Province,Cambodia

To assess the sustainability of forest use for woodfuel, above ground biomass increment must be examined against woodfuel consumption. However, reliable data on the biomass increment of tropical forests are very limited. In this study, we estimated above ground forest biomass increment in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia, using two consecutive measurements of 32 permanent sample plots in 1998 and 2000, and forest inventory data of 540 plots collected in 1997. The permanent sampling plot data were used to determine the relationship between initial biomass and subsequent biomass increment over a 2-year period. This relationship was applied to the inventory data to obtain a robust estimate of biomass increment across the major forest types for the entire province. The weighted average annual above ground biomass increment for the whole province was 4.77Mg/ha, or 2.3% of biomass. Woodfuel consumption was estimated to be about 2% of biomass increment for the province, suggesting that deficiency of woodfuel may not occur in this province. However, localized variation needs to be taken into account and there is a need to examine the effects of stand age and factors such as soil type, microtopography, and species composition on biomass increment and to consider woodfuel collection rate in specific forest areas with respect to accessibility for firewood collection.     

杨树速生林适宜采伐期的测定研究

确定杨树速生林适宜采伐期,与树种结构、林龄、林分密度和林木连年生长量有直接关系,当林分密度进入极限时,林木连年生长量开始从高峰下降,说明林分已进入适宜采伐期,实行适宜采伐期采伐作业,可获最佳经济效益。     

旱冬瓜山地造林施肥试验

2009年7月采用随机区组试验设计进行旱冬瓜山地造林施肥试验,2011年1月进行旱冬瓜幼林高、径生长量调查,分析结果表明:进行山地造林时施底肥能显著促进旱冬瓜幼林的高、径生长,施肥幼林高生长高出对照43.5%,径生长高出对照92.7%;以施N肥的作用最为显著,尤以150 g表现最好,林木的高、径平均生长量分别高出对照85.2%和165%.