Genetic diversity in Apium graveolens and related species revealed by SRAP and SSR markers

Genetic diversity is essential to crop improvement. However, lack of molecular markers prevents the understanding of genetic diversity in celery and related species. In this study, SRAP and SSR markers was firstly used to evaluate genetic variation in 68 accessions of Apium graveolens and related species. A total of 888 bands were generated by 40 primer combinations of SRAP and 32 bands were produced by eight SSR markers. Of the 920 bands, 95.1% were polymorphic between A. graveolens and related species, and 49.2% were polymorphic within A. graveolens. Cluster and structure analysis could distinguish local celery, celery, and related species. These results suggested that both SRAP and SSR technologies can be efficiently used to characterize genetic variation and analyze genetic relationship in celery and related species.     

DNA fingerprinting and genetic diversity analysis of late-bolting radish cultivars with RAPD,ISSR and SRAP markers

Three molecular marker systems, RAPD (random amplified polymorphic DNA), ISSR (inter-simple sequence repeat) and SRAP (sequence-related amplified polymorphism), were employed for identification and genetic diversity analysis of 35 elite late-bolting radish cultivars. Detected by 35 RAPD primers, 22 ISSR primers and 17 SRAP primer combinations, the proportions of polymorphic bands were 85.44%, 85.2% and 85.41%, respectively, and the mean genetic similarity coefficients between pairs of genotypes were 0.781, 0.787 and 0.764, respectively. Each of the three molecular marker systems can identify all the cultivars. Five sets of three-RAPD primers, 3 sets of three-ISSR primers and 16 sets of three-SRAP primer combinations were able to distinguish all the cultivars. A linear relationship was observed between Resolving power (Rp) of a primer and its ability to distinguish genotypes. The 35 cultivars were clustered into three major groups based on the RAPD, ISSR and marker combination data with UPGMA, which are in high accordance with their own origins and main characteristics. The results demonstrated that these three marker systems could be useful for identification and genetic diversity analysis of radish cultivars.     

苹果属种质资源亲缘关系的SSR分析

应用SSR技术对59份苹果属材料进行基因组的多态性分析,从20对引物中筛选出12对SSR引物扩增出176个等位基因,平均每个位点14.7个等位基因。位点杂合度为0.4039～0.7412,遗传多样性指数为0.6156。用3对引物(CH02a04、CH02g04和CH01f03b)即可区分全部供试材料。NTSYS软件进行相似系数计算,UPGMA法聚类分析将59份苹果属材料分为3大类群,即栽培品种、地方品种和新疆的野生苹果、野生种或其变种。栽培品种中具有相同亲本起源的品种被紧密地聚到了一起,相似系数较高;地方品种与新疆的野生苹果的聚类相互交错,呈现出新疆的野生苹果作为东亚基因中心的起源种与中国各地方品种在起源演化上的相关性;各野生种及其变种类型均聚到了一起,与传统的系谱基本一致。     

Genome composition and genetic diversity of Musa germplasm from China revealed by PCR-RFLP and SSR markers

Banana (Musa spp.) is one of the most important crops in the world. In this study, 216 banana accessions, 184 from the National Banana Germplasm Collection of China (NBGCC) and 32 from the International Network for the Improvement of Banana and Plantain (INIBAP), were used to determine the genome composition of banana plants in these collections and to estimate their genetic diversity. The genome composition was examined using PCR-RFLP markers. The molecular data for all but one accession (ITC 1231) from INIBAP were in agreement with the initial records based on phenotypic characteristics. Microsatellite (SSR) markers were used to investigate the genetic variability and relationships among these banana accessions. Ten of the 47 primer pairs tested consistently produced reproducible and discrete fragments. We identified a total of 92 alleles, ranging from 5 to 15 per locus. The genetic similarity between the accessions ranged between 0.1 and 1, when estimated using Jaccard's coefficient. The UPGMA method based on genetic similarities, grouped the NBGCC accessions according to those containing the ‘A’ and ‘B’ genomes. However, this analysis could not separate all the accessions, especially the somatic mutations, using the primers in this study. These data indicated that limited genetic variation exists within these accessions and the collections of NBGCC should include a much wider range of banana plant material.     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Citrus germplasm collection using AFLP,SSAP, SAMPL and SSR markers

In this study we evaluate the informativeness and efficiency of Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), Sequence-Specific Amplified Polymorphism (S-SAP), Selectively Amplified Microsatellite Polymorphic Loci (SAMPL) and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers for genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship among the Citrus species and mapping ability of the marker system. The SSR exhibited relatively higher level of polymorphism information content in terms of the expected heterozygosity, than that of the AFLPs, SSAPs and SAMPLs. For each marker system, average level of the discriminating potential was very close to the actual discriminating potential. Similarity matrices showed weak, yet significant correlations when Mantel's test was applied. The highest positive (0.72) correlation was found between the AFLP and SSAP markers. The SSR and SAMPL markers were poorly correlated. The dendrogram topology among the four marker systems had high similarity. Taken together, the SSAP and SAMPL were highly efficient in detecting genetic similarity in Citrus, while the SSR may be more useful for segregation studies and genome mapping in Citrus. The SSAP and SAMPL markers could be useful for Citrus genome mapping in combination with AFLP and SSR markers. To our knowledge, this was the first detail report of a comparison of performances among AFLP, SSR and retrotrasposon based molecular marker technique on a set of samples of Citrus. Our result provides guidance for future efficient use of these molecular methods in genetic analysis of Citrus sp. and its relatives.     

普通核桃(Juglans regia)3个群体遗传结构的SSR分析

以新疆伊犁野核桃、喀什实生核桃及部分栽培品种共80份种质材料为试材,利用来自黑核桃的7对SSR引物进行群体遗传结构分析。结果显示,7对引物多态性带比率为92.3%～100%,均具有较高的多态性;伊犁野核桃、喀什实生核桃及栽培品种3个群体的期望杂合度分别为0.2325、0.3085、0.305,香农系数分别为0.3361、0.4669、0.4646,多态性带百分率分别为56.52、95.83、86.84%,表明3个核桃群体具有较高的遗传多样性水平,3个指标均显示喀什群体的最高、伊犁的最低;从3个群体中随机选出10个株系或品种进行聚类分析,所有参试株系或品种相互交叉,说明伊犁野核桃、喀什实生核桃和栽培品种之间存在基因渗透和交流(基因流Nm=2.0934);讨论了伊犁野核桃、喀什实生核桃和栽培品种的亲缘演化关系,研究结果为"我国是世界栽培核桃的起源中心之一"的论断进一步提供了分子证据。     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Tunisian apricot germplasm using AFLP and SSR markers

Eighty-one accessions representing apricot germplasm in Tunisia were collected from different areas of cultivation and fingerprinted using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and microsatellites (SSR) markers. A total of 339 polymorphic markers were revealed using 5 AFLP primers combinations and 24 SSR loci. AFLP and SSR markers expressed a high level of polymorphism allowing the distinction of the accessions with an efficiency coefficient of discrimination of 100% for AFLP and 97% for SSR markers. Genetic diversity structure was assessed with AFLPs and SSRs markers separately then with combined matrix data by the help of hierarchical clustering elaborated using Wards method based on Nei and Li (1979) distances. Comparison of the obtained dendrograms revealed a phylogeographic structure into two major groups with significant conservation between the observed subgroups in relation with the geographic origin of the accessions. The relative efficiency of the markers in determining the genetic relationships among apricot accessions has been assessed and a combination of AFLPs and SSRs markers was the most effective. In addition, Mantel test based on genetic distances indicated highly significant correlation between AFLP-SSR data and each of the AFLP and SSR ones, with Pearson correlation values of r = 0.873 and r = 0.692, respectively, revealing the higher efficiency of the combination of both molecular techniques (AFLP and SSR) to estimate the levels of genetic variability among apricot germplasm.     

基于SSR标记的清凉峰地区三叶海棠遗传多样性研究

【目的】评价清凉峰地区三叶海棠的遗传多样性水平,为其保护提供理论依据。【方法】利用10对SSR引物,对清凉峰地区的36份三叶海棠样品进行了遗传多样性分析,并从中随机抽取6,9,12,15,18,27,34株大小不同的样本,组成7个群体进行遗传多样性特征比较。【结果】(1)10对引物在36份样品中的多态性等位基因数(Na)平均值为7.1(5.0~10.0),有效等位基因数(Ne)平均值为3.954(1.527～5.786),平均观察杂合度(Ho)为0.781(0.194～1.000),平均期望杂合度(He)为0.699(0.345～0.827),香农多样性指数(I)平均值为1.458(0.662～1.918);(2)采用UPGMA法构建的系统树中,很明显地将36份供试样品划分为两组,与用贝叶斯聚类方法得到的结果一致,对三叶海棠所有样品进行的主成分分析进一步证实了以上结果;(3)群体样本量≥15株时,样本量就不会对群体内遗传多样性水平、遗传一致度及群体内等位基因数目产生明显的影响。【结论】清凉峰地区三叶海棠的遗传多样性水平较高,其群体明显分化为2个基因源,三叶海棠群体遗传多样性研究和种质收集保存中的适宜样本量为≥15株,研究供试样品可以反映清凉峰地区三叶海棠遗传多样性的总体水平。     

丝瓜种质资源遗传多样性的SSR与SRAP分析

利用SSR和SRAP标记对30份丝瓜种质资源进行遗传多样性分析,分别从52对SSR和48对SRAP引物中选取10对和12对多态性好的引物,其中10对SSR引物共扩增出32条多态性带,12对SRAP引物扩增出118条多态性带。30份种质间的平均遗传相似系数为0.761,说明丝瓜间种质遗传背景比较狭隘。聚类分析显示,30份丝瓜种质被划分为普通丝瓜与有棱丝瓜两大类。     

Evaluation of the genetic diversity of Asian peach accessions using a selected set of SSR markers

A total of 94 peach accessions from the Zhejiang province of China were analyzed using 34 polymorphic single-locus simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. Genetic distance analysis divided the accessions into two major clusters, one with mainly local accessions from the Fenghua region. Preselected lines from some crosses were exclusively clustered with the local ones, possibly related to maintaining the taste quality of the fruit. The number of alleles per locus at most loci was two or three, with an average of 2.85. The value of observed heterozygosity varied from 0.05 to 0.84 (average of 0.48). Diversity within the introduced accessions was higher than that of the Fenghua local accessions. Of the accessions analyzed in this study, 94% were individually identified. Those that could not be differentiated were all derived from the ‘Yulu’ cultivar, being either mutations or of identical origin.     

新疆野苹果资源遗传多样性SSR分析

采用SSR标记技术对新疆野苹果7个天然居群180份样品进行了遗传多样性分析,旨在为新疆苹果的杂交育种及优良品种/品系的选育提供理论依据。13对SSR引物共扩增出119条多态性条带,各居群内的多态性位点比率为79.84%~92.25%;居群水平上新疆野苹果的遗传多样性变化趋势基本一致,其中新源居群的有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei's基因多样性(H)和Shannon信息指数(I)在7个居群中最大;种级水平上的Shannon信息指数(I)为0.551 6,居群内为0.468 9;新疆野苹果居群的变异主要存在于居群内部,居群间和居群内遗传多样性分别为15%和85%,说明新疆野苹果居群的变异主要存在于居群内部。     

20份葡萄种质亲缘关系的SSR分析

利用SSR标记对20份葡萄材料进行了基因组多态性分析,从245对引物中筛选出19对用于葡萄的SSR扩增。共扩增出144条带,均为多态性条带,多态性百分率为100%。根据SSR扩增结果,利用NTSYSpc2.10e软件进行Jaccard相似性系数分析,20份葡萄材料的遗传相似系数为0.630～0.900,平均遗传相似系数...     

板栗野生居群遗传多样性研究

使用从板栗中提取的10个微卫星引物对4个中国栗野生居群的69个个体进行扩增,共检测到84个等位基因,每个位点的等位基因数为4～13,每位点的平均等位基因数目为8.4个,平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为4.998,平均期望杂合度(He)为0.777,平均PIC值为0.739,Nei’s多样性指数(h)为0.771,以陕西汉中居群具有最高的遗传多样性。遗传分化系数Gst仅为0.141。UPGMA树状聚类图表明4个野生群体被分为两部分,其中云南、四川、安徽3个居群距离相近位于同一组,此结果与PCA分析结果一致,2种方法均显示居群间的遗传关系与实际地理分布不完全相关。     

与大白菜干烧边性状相关的SSR和SRAP标记分析

以大白菜感干烧边品种A67和抗干烧边品种A53配制的141个F2代单株组成的群体为材料,双亲DNA构建大白菜感病池和抗病池,对104对SSR引物和320对SRAP引物进行筛选,并对与干烧边性状相关的QTL和对应的连锁关系进行了初步分析,获得2个与大白菜干烧边性状相关的QTL,同时获得3个与这2个QTL连锁的标记,其中A29-890和E6-400标记与其最近QTL位点的连锁距离分别为1.5cM和7.1cM。为大白菜抗干烧边性状的分子辅助育种奠定了基础。     

山葡萄种内遗传多样性的SSR分析

利用26对SSR引物对124份山葡萄种质资源的遗传多样性初步分析,等位基因(Na)数平均为3.6923,有效等位基因(Ne)数平均为2.5779,Shannon多样性指数(I)平均为1.0195,基因多样度(Nei)平均为0.5762。野生种质资源的遗传多样性高于选育品种;而野生种质资源中黑龙江省的遗传多样性高,其次是吉林省野生资源,辽宁省野生资源最低。山葡萄种质的遗传相似性系数J为0.224～0.972,平均遗传相似系数为0.588。根据遗传相似性系数进行UPGMA聚类,建立树状聚类图。利用26对SSR标记能将供试的124份山葡萄种质相互区分,在遗传相似性系数0.39处将供试山葡萄种质资源分为6大类群,多数种质的聚类和山葡萄长期生长发育的地理分析研究结果一致。     

甘肃中部梨资源遗传变异和亲缘关系的SSR分析

用6对SSR特异性引物对甘肃中部46个梨品种或类型的遗传变异和亲缘关系进行了分析,结果表明,SSR位点的期望杂合度为0.446～0.738,平均为0.639,显示了良好的品种鉴定能力。采用UPGMA聚类分析法构建的系统树将供试梨品种或类型分为7个大组:木梨组、白梨组、秋子梨组、褐梨组、西洋梨组和2个可能以秋子梨为基本种而形成的复杂的种间杂种组。唯一的砂梨品种黄花梨包含在白梨组中。新疆梨的5个品种没有独立成组,而是分别包含在木梨、白梨及秋子梨组中。一些原来根据形态学无法归类的品种和类型分别和木梨、白梨和西洋梨聚合在一起,显示出和这些梨系统的亲缘关系;木梨虽然采集地相对集中,但也显示出丰富的遗传多样性。     

Comparative analysis of genetic diversity in Prunus L. as revealed by RAPD and SSR markers

RAPD and SSR markers were used for genetic diversity evaluations among 15 genotypes selected from the genus Prunus L. Altogether 40 RAPD primers and 21 primer pairs designated for microsatellite loci were applied on the whole group of genotypes.     

石榴种质资源遗传多样性及亲缘关系的ISSR分析

利用ISSR标记技术对47个石榴品种遗传关系进行了分析。筛选出多态性高的6条ISSR引物,共扩增出120条DNA条带,其中多态性带109条,多态性百分率为90.83%,有效等位基因数(Ne)、Nei’s基因多样(H)、Shan-non信息指数(I)分别为1.294 5±0.309 4、0.189 7±0.161 8、0.309 1±0.219 8,遗传距离(Dg)变异为0.075 0～0.400 0,表明石榴品种间存在比较丰富的遗传多样性。利用UPGMA法构建分子树状图,将47个石榴品种分为5个类群。同时检测到15条特异性条带,可用于供试石榴中的11个品种鉴定的参考性标记。     

Analysis of genetic variation in eggplant and related Solanum species using sequence-related amplified polymorphism markers

Collection and characterization of all sorts of germplasm resources are required for the development of new cultivars. Molecular characterization is more reliable than morphological characterization. Here, we employed sequence-related amplified polymorphism (SRAP) markers to evaluate genetic variation in a diverse collection of 56 Solanum accessions. Fifty-five SRAP primer combinations were used and a total of 635 polymorphic bands were observed. Cluster analysis by the unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages based on similarity matrices indicated that there were three clusters: (i) S. melongena; (ii) S. aethiopicum; (iii) S. surattense. The coefficients of genetic similarity among all the accessions ranged from 0.04 to 0.96 with an average of 0.73, and averaged 0.78 among S. melongena accessions originated from China, indicating extensive genetic variation. These results demonstrated that SRAP can be efficiently used to estimate genetic diversity and analyze phylogenetic relationship.     

Assessment of genetic diversity of Latvian and Swedish sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) genetic resources collections by using SSR (microsatellite) markers

Three previously described highly polymorphic SSR (microsatellite) primer pairs were tested on 126 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) accessions to adapt a fast, reliable method for preliminary screening of sweet cherry germplasm collections and to compare two sweet cherry germplasm collections: at the Latvia State Institute of Fruit-Growing, Dobele (LIFG-Dobele) and at the Division of Horticultural Genetics and Plant Breeding at Balsgård, Department of Crop Sciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU-Balsgård). The SSR loci were highly polymorphic with 4–10 different alleles and 5–18 genotypes. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.431 to 0.809, gene diversity (PIC) values ranged from 0.400 to 0.753, and the discriminating power of each locus varied from 0.631 to 0.894. The combined discriminating power of all loci was highly effective (0.996). Sixteen identical accession groups with the same allele profile were discovered in both collections. This study demonstrated that SSR fingerprinting with the three primer pairs tested, can be used for preliminary characterization of sweet cherry germplasm collections.