土壤覆盖提高越橘抗氧化成分含量效应与抗氧化能力分析

【目的】为了探明土壤覆盖对越橘果实抗氧化成分含量和抗氧化能力的影响,【方法】以南高丛越橘品种‘奥尼尔’(O'Neal)和兔眼越橘品种‘杰兔’(Premier)为试材,设置透湿性反光膜、秸秆和对照3种处理,测定越橘整个发育期间果实花青苷、总酚、类黄酮的含量和抗氧化活性变化。【结果】结果表明,透湿性反光膜覆盖处理可显著提高果实花色苷含量,其中‘奥尼尔’品种果实总花色苷含量分别高于对照和秸秆覆盖处理20%和9%,‘杰兔’品种总花色苷含量分别高于对照和秸秆覆盖处理29%和19.6%。‘杰兔’果实的总酚和类黄酮含量均高于‘奥尼尔’,而透湿性反光膜和秸秆覆盖处理的2个品种的总酚和类黄酮含量均高于对照。果实抗氧化能力检测采用TEAC、FRAP和DPPH3种方法,其测定结果一致。透湿性反光膜覆盖处理的果实抗氧化能力最强,秸秆处理的果实抗氧化能力大于对照,其中透湿性反光膜处理的‘奥尼尔’果实DPPH值高于对照3%,而秸秆处理略高于对照;‘杰兔’果实全蓝时,透湿性反光膜、秸秆处理的DPPH值、TEAC值都高于对照,而FRAP值分别高于对照21%和12%。【结论】土壤覆盖可有效提高越橘果实抗氧化活性成分含量和抗氧化能力。     

Phenolics concentration and antioxidant capacity of different fruit tissues of astringent versus non-astringent persimmons

Astringent and non-astringent persimmon fruits were compared for phenolic compounds, and their antioxidant capacity was studied in both peel and pulp. Fruits that were astringent generally had significantly higher concentrations of phenolics and greater capacities in either tissue. Pulp from astringent persimmons had more phenolics and higher capacity whereas the same was true for peels from non-astringent fruits. Among the methods tested for determining antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, TBARS, SRSA, and HRSA), ABTS showed the best correlation with phenolics concentration while HRSA assays were not sufficiently sensitive to distinguish among genotypes or between fruit tissues. Therefore, we suggest that, for monitoring antioxidant capacity in persimmon, the ABTS method is most suitable.     

Antioxidant potency of white (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata) and Chinese (Brassica rapa L. var. pekinensis (Lour.)) cabbage: The influence of development stage,cultivar choice and seed selection

The accumulation of total phenols (TP, Folin-Ciocalteu method) and total flavonoids (TF, colorimetric assay with AlCl₃) and the evolution of antioxidant capacity (FRAP assay, DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays) have been monitored in juices of Croatian white cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) cultivars Vara?dinski and Ogulinski, as well as Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), at various developmental stages. Measurements were performed every four weeks, starting from planting to full maturity, throughout the course of eight months. In the first 8–12 weeks, the TP and TF contents as well as antioxidant capacity increased significantly in all analyzed juice samples and in most even doubled. This rapid increase was followed by a gradual decrease in values derived from all assays, over the course of 12–30 weeks, to the final values which were in all cases lower than the values measured at week 4. The results also point to significant variability in TP and TF contents and antioxidant capacity at the fully mature stage between white and Chinese cabbage juices and between juices extracted from cultivars Ogulinski and Vara?dinski.     

Total phenolics and flavonoids and total antioxidant capacity in pistachio (Pistachia vera L.) nuts in relation to cultivars and storage conditions

The effects of cultivar, drying and storage conditions on total phenolics (TP), total flavonoids (TF) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC), measured with ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and radical scavenging capacity (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl or DPPH) assays, of in-shell and unpeeled kernels of ripe pistachios were investigated. Drying was carried out at 45 °C for 34 h to approximately 5% moisture in kernels and storage of dried nuts in packaging atmosphere of dry air or N₂ at 1 °C or 20 °C for 6 or 12 months. At harvest, each cultivar showed its highest values for each measured variable and TP ranged from 16.2 to 7.9 mg gallic acid equiv. g⁻¹ d.w., TF from 7.2 to 3 mg catechin equiv. g⁻¹ d.w., FRAP from 132.5 to 58.8 μmol Trolox equiv. g⁻¹ d.w., and DPPH from 122.6 to 45.7 μmol Trolox equiv. g⁻¹ d.w. Drying resulted in losses in all cultivars that averaged approximately 14.2%, 14.1%, 11.9% and 12.2% for TP, TF, FRAP and DPPH, respectively, while during 12-month storage the corresponding losses in dried kernels averaged approximately 24.7%, 21.8%, 30.3% and 32.4%. Decreases in all measured variables were advanced by storage time, but prevented by low temperature and packaging in N₂ atmosphere. Among the studied cultivars, Pontikis, Aegina, Bronte and Cerasola showed higher values of TP, TF and TAC than Sirora, Kerman, Joley and Mumtaz in all cases, while Pontikis the highest in most cases. The effects of cultivar, time, temperature and packaging atmosphere during storage were all significant on TP, TF, FRAP and DPPH. Strong correlations were also found among the measured variables.     

不同芹菜品种叶与叶柄黄酮含量及其与抗氧化能力的关系

 采用高效液相色谱方法,开展不同芹菜品种中黄酮的含量和分布研究,并探讨其与芹菜抗氧化能力的关系。结果表明：芹菜黄酮主要分布在叶中,毛地黄黄酮和芹菜素是黄酮的主要成分,槲皮素含量甚微;不同品种总黄酮含量差异较大,5个品种中,‘圣洁白芹’的总黄酮含量最高,达到732.21 mg &;#8226; kg-1,其次为‘赞比亚西芹’、‘山西紫柄芹’、‘山西岚县芹’,总黄酮含量分别为556.93、475.74和346.48 mg &;#8226; kg-1,‘文图拉西芹’总黄酮含量最低,为241.41 mg &;#8226; kg-1。研究发现,总黄酮分光光度计法检测的芹菜黄酮含量结果是高效液相色谱法检测结果的2.64 ~ 7.14倍,且品种黄酮含量排序与液相色谱法不同。在抗氧化方面,DPPH方法的检测结果表明,叶柄中总黄酮含量与叶柄清除自由基能力呈高度相关,r = 0.843（P＜0.01）;叶总黄酮含量与叶清除自由基能力呈中度相关,r = 0.624（P＜0.01）。FRAP方法结果表明,叶柄中总黄酮含量与叶柄总抗氧化能力呈高度相关,r = 0.798（P＜0.01）,但叶总黄酮含量与叶总抗氧化能力之间未表现出相关性。     

Comparison of ‘Verna’ lemon juice quality for new ingredients and food products

Two clonal selections of lemon trees (‘Verna-62’ and ‘Verna-50-2’), were studied in aiming to ascertain the influence of genetic (clone) and environmental (season) factors on the human-health bioactive compounds of the lemon juice (vitamin C and flavonoids) and the possible relationship between composition and in vitro antioxidant capacity (DPPH, ABTS and FRAP) of the juice. The average values determined in bioactives were 13–26 mg·100 mL⁻¹ in total of analysed phenolics and 23–29 mg·100 mL⁻¹ in vitamin C content. Variability in the weather conditions and internal physiological phenomena of the fruits such as biosynthesis and transport, could determine, at least in part, differences in the contents of lemon juice bioactives more importantly than the genetic background, providing the food industry with phytochemically rich and nutritive lemons for processing and functional ingredients.     

干燥方式对树莓总酚、总黄酮含量及其体外抗氧化活性的影响

以树莓为试验材料,采用自然干燥、红外干燥、热风恒温干燥和真空冷冻干燥4种干燥方式处理树莓,超声波辅助提取法提取树莓样品中的总酚和总黄酮含量,体外DPPH·和ABTS^+·的清除能力,拓展树莓加工产品方式,提高树莓干燥效率和品质。结果表明:干燥处理后样品中总酚、总黄酮含量及对ABTS^+·和DPPH·清除能力不同程度降低,其中真空冷冻干燥样品总酚和总黄酮含量损失最少,分别为(2.47±0.29)mg·g^-1和(2.06±0.61)mg·g^-1,ABTS^+·和DPPH·清除能力最大,其IC50分别为(4.53±0.04)mg·mL^-1和(5.17±0.12)mg·mL^-1;真空冷冻干燥方式最适宜于树莓的干燥。     

李果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力研究

为分析不同李品种果实中多酚含量及其抗氧化能力,以14个李品种为试材,测定果皮和果肉中的多酚含量,采用超氧自由基(O_2~-)清除法、羟自由基(OH·)清除法、DPPH法、FRAP法和TBARS法测定抗氧化能力,比较多酚含量、抗氧化能力的差异,分析多酚含量与抗氧化能力的相关性,比较抗氧化能力测定方法间的相关性。结果表明:(1)李果实中富含多酚并且品种间存在差异,不同品种果皮中含量为1.40~3.37 mg·g~(-1) FW,果肉中含量为0.50~0.97 mg·g~(-1) FW,果皮中含量远大于果肉中含量;果皮中多酚含量较高的李品种为皇后李、猪肝李,其次为黑宝石李、红玫瑰李;果肉中多酚含量最高的为秋姬李,其次为威克逊李。(2)李果皮、果肉多酚提取物均具有较强的抗氧化能力,果皮提取物综合抗氧化能力较强的为皇后李、黑宝石李和猪肝李,果肉的为红美丽李、红玫瑰李和秋姬李。(3)果皮中多酚含量与清除O_2~-、OH·能力及DPPH、FRAP、TBARS均呈极显著正相关,果肉中多酚含量与抗氧化能力呈显著正相关。(4)对5种方法的相关性分析表明,各方法从不同的角度评价李果多酚抗氧化能力,方法间均具有很好的相关性,DPPH法与FRAP法综合评价最佳,可作为主要选择。     

Phenolic compounds and the antioxidant activities in litchi pericarp: Difference among cultivars

The pericarps of 10 litchi cultivars from two production seasons were studied for their phenolic concentrations and composition and activities of anti-oxidation. The total phenolic concentrations in dried litchi pericarp ranged from 51 to 102 g k g⁻¹. Different cultivars varied considerably in phenolic concentration and composition. Cultivars ‘Nuomici’ exhibited significantly higher concentrations of proanthocyanidins, flavonoids, phenolic acids and therefore total soluble phenolics than the other cultivars, while ‘Lanzhu’ and ‘Guiwei’ had minor values in phenolics. The extracts of litchi pericarp exhibited considerably high ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and strong activities of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging, lipid peroxidation inhibiting, and oxidative DNA damage protection. The crude ethanol extracts of pericarp displayed significantly higher FRAP and stronger DPPH scavenging capacity than butylated hydroxylytoluene (BHT) and catechin. Among the tested cultivars, concentrations of major phenolics had significant linear correlations with FRAP and DPPH scavenging activities. These results indicated that litchi pericarp is rich in natural antioxidant phenolic compounds and different litchi cultivars differed considerably in phenolic concentration and antioxidant activities.     

Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of selected fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions from the eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey

Fig has been a typical fruit component of the health-promoting Mediterranean diet for a very long time. Phytochemical characters and antioxidant capacity of green-, yellow-, brown-, purple-, and black-fruited fig (Ficus carica L.) accessions were investigated. In this study, total phenolics (TP), total anthocyanins (TA), fructose (FRUC), glucose (GLUC), sucrose (SUC), and variables (such as L*, a*, C*, and hue°) describing fruit skin colors were examined. Also, the antioxidant capacity (TAC) of fig fruits was determined by the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol and anthocyanin (r = 0.74 and 0.63, respectively) contents of fruits. Black fig accessions had the highest TAC (range of 7.9–16.1, mean 12.4 Fe²⁺ mmol/kg FW), TA (range of 32.3–356.0, mean 128.4 μg cy-3-rutinoside/g FW), and TP content (range of 69.1–220.0, mean 118.9 mg GAE/100 g FW). These black-fruited accessions had 2-fold greater TAC, 15-fold greater TA, and 2.5-fold greater TP than green and yellow fig accessions. However, the FRUC, GLUC, and SUC content of brown and purple fig accessions were higher than those of other color groups. The predominant sugars present were fructose (∼56%) and glucose (∼43%), as determined by HPLC.     

Antioxidant properties of blackberry and blueberry fruits grown in the Black Sea Region of Turkey

Seven wild and ten cultivated blackberries (Arapaho, Bartin, Black Satin, Bursa 1, Bursa 2, Cherokee, Chester, Jumbo, Navaho, and Ness), and six lowbush (Vaccinium arctostaphylos) and four highbush (Vaccinium corymbosum) blueberries fruits (Ivanhoe, Jersey, Northland, and Rekord) were analyzed for total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity as ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) in this study. The respective ranges of total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents of the tested samples were: blackberries, 0.95–1.97 and 1.73–3.79 mg g⁻¹ and blueberries, 0.18–2.94 and 0.77–5.42 mg g⁻¹. FRAP values varied from 35.05 to 70.41 μmol g⁻¹ for blackberries, 7.41 to 57.92 μmol g⁻¹ for blueberries. Wild blackberries had the highest FRAP values while wild blueberries had the highest total phenolic and total anthocyanin contents. A linear relationship was observed between FRAP values and total phenolics for blueberries (r = 0.981). The anthocyanin pigments in samples were isolated and characterized by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with UV–visible detection. Cyn-3-glu was the predominant anthocyanin in all blackberry fruits.     

Physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of different jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.) cultivars grown in loess plateau of China

The physico-chemical properties and antioxidant capacity of the five main jujube varieties: Junzao, Lingbaozao, Jinzao, Zanhuangzao and Lizao collected from loess plateau of China were determined. The analyzed components included fruit yield, moisture content, total mass per fruit, pH, titratable acidity (TA), reducing sugars, total sugars, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid, total phenolics content, total flavonoids content and several pure phenolic compounds. The output of the analyses showed higher amounts of ascorbic acid and phenolics in these jujube varieties than in some common fruits. The antioxidative capacity of the jujube extracts, evaluated with the reducing power, the β-carotene bleaching, the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydracyl (DPPH•), and the 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonicacid) (ABTS•⁺) scavenging methods, showed that the antioxidant activity of the extracts of Lingbaozao was excellent for free radical scavenging and a potent natural antioxidant of commercial value. Statistically significant differences were observed between jujube cultivars investigated with regards to the measured parameters except rutin content of fruit. These results demonstrated that the cultivar was the main factor which influences the physico-chemical properties and antioxidant activity of jujubes.     

不同采收季节对叶用芥菜类黄酮物质含量和抗氧化活性的影响

 以10个不同基因型叶用芥菜为试材, 研究了不同采收季节对其总酚含量、类黄酮含量和抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明春季采收的总酚含量、抗氧化活性显著高于冬季采收的。叶用芥菜含有槲皮素和山奈素两种类黄酮化合物, 春季采收的槲皮素和山奈素含量高于冬季采收的。基因型间总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量及抗氧化活性均存在较大的差异, 并与生长季节有极显著的互作关系, 表明生长季节对不同基因型叶用芥菜酚类物质积累和抗氧化活性有较大的影响。总酚、槲皮素和山奈素的含量分别与抗氧化活性呈极显著和显著正相关。     

Antioxidant capacity and phytochemical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) genotypes in Iran

Cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) is a naturally growing dogwood species in Arasbaran (East Azerbaijan, Iran). Antioxidant capacity, total anthocyanins, total phenols, ascorbic acid and total flavnoids of a number of selected cornelian cherry genotypes were investigated. The total phenolic and antioxidant activity of methanol extract of cornelian cherry fruits were determined according to Folin–Ciocalteu and DPPH method, respectively. The range of ascorbic acid content of genotypes was 183.25–299.5 mg/100 g fresh weight (FW). Genotype C24 had the highest total antioxidant capacity (82.37) and total phenolic (2695.75 mg galic acid per 100 g FW basis). The highest total anthocyanin was observed in C27 genotype (442.11 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside equivalents/100 g FW). This genotype also had the highest total flavonoid (669 mg catechin per 100 g FW basis). There are linear relationships between the antioxidant capacities with total phenols, total flavonoid and ascorbic acid. But, No statistically significant correlation was observed between antioxidant activity and total anthocyanins. According to Path analysis, the highest direct effect on antioxidant was observed in total flavonoid (0.38). The present study demonstrates the potential of certain cornelian cherry genotypes, notably C24 and C27, for improvement of nutritional value through germplasm enhancement programs.     

Biofortification of Se and induction of the antioxidant capacity in lettuce plants

The aim of the present work is to analyse the way in which Se fertilization in both Se forms applied at different rates can affect the production and accumulation of Se and the foliar antioxidant capacity in lettuce plants Lactuca sativa L. cv Philipus. After different rates of sodium selenate and selenite were applied (5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 80, 120 μmol L⁻¹), the foliar biomass, lipid peroxidation, Se accumulation, antioxidant compounds, and the antioxidant capacity were analysed. Our results indicate that the less toxic form was selenate, as it induced greater biomass, higher Se accumulation, and more antioxidant compounds than did selenite. The treatment of 40 μmol L⁻¹ proved the most suitable for lettuce plants, as the antioxidant capacity and Se accumulation augmented without diminishing biomass, and making the two these lettuce plants healthier than control plants for human consumption, in comparison to control. Finally, regarding the antioxidant capacity test used (the ferric reducing ability of plasma [FRAP], 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl [DPPH] and reducing power), only FRAP showed a significant relationship with the different antioxidant compounds, while ascorbate best reflected the effect of Se on the antioxidant capacity under our experimental conditions.     

粗毛纤孔菌不同极性萃取物对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用及抗氧化活性研究

为探讨粗毛纤孔菌(Inonotus hispidus)子实体对α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用及体外抗氧化活性的影响,采用系统溶剂萃取法对粗毛纤孔菌甲醇粗提物进行萃取,得到石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇极性萃取物.选用福林酚比色法、α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制法、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻...     

A Comparative Study Between Antioxidant Potential of Ripe and Pre-ripe Mango Using Conventional and Physiological Extraction

Mango is distinctive among all fruits considering its exceptional flavors. All varieties of mango have their unique essence. It is one of the largest consumed fruits worldwide. Its antioxidant properties are also well known due to the presence of carotenoids and phenolic compounds. Unlike other studies, this study considers that the methanolic extraction may not well reflect the antioxidant activity of mango after consumption, i.e., in vivo. Thus, an in vitro gastrointestinal model has been used for the simulation of digestion of pre-ripe and ripe mango samples. Both samples thus extracted are compared with their conventional methanolic extracts for their antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity. Interesting differences in the two types of extracts can be observed. The simulated gastrointestinal extracts show significantly higher antioxidant properties in parameters, such as total phenol content, flavonoid content, flavonol content, carotenoid content, reducing power, and radical scavenging activity. From the results, it can be concluded that the conventional extracts under rate the antioxidant value of mangoes and they may have much higher health significance than they are believed to have.     

人心果、星苹果和曼密苹果抗氧化活性比较

 测定了人心果、星苹果和曼密苹果的主要功能活性成分和抗氧化活性。结果表明：3种水果均含有丰富的还原糖、膳食纤维、多酚、抗坏血酸和维生素E。羟基自由基清除法、DPPH法和ABTS法测定表明,3种水果提取液皆有一定的抗氧化活性,对羟基自由基清除率从高到低依次是人心果、曼密苹果和星苹果,对DPPH·和ABTS?+等自由基的清除以人心果最强,星苹果次之,曼密苹果最差。     

水蜜桃疏果多酚类物质提取及抗氧化活性研究

以水蜜桃疏果为研究对象,采用超声波辅助提取法,以多酚提取得率(EP)、黄酮提取得率(EF)为评价指标,利用单因素及正交试验设计考察了提取温度、提取时间、料液比、乙醇浓度对水蜜桃疏果中的多酚类物质提取效果的影响,并评价了疏果多酚提取物对2,2-二苯代苦味酰基(DPPH)自由基的清除率。结果表明,水蜜桃疏果多酚类物质超声辅助提取最佳工艺条件为提取温度60℃,提取时间30 min,料液比1:60(g/mL),乙醇浓度60%;此条件下水蜜桃疏果EP及EF分别达到0.71%±0.02%和1.91%±0.03%;水蜜桃疏果多酚提取物显示出了较强的抗氧化能力,DPPH自由基清除率最高可达88.87%,其IC50值为0.60 mg/mL,本研究为水蜜桃疏果的进一步开发利用提供了参考依据。     

Antioxidant Compounds,Nutritional Quality and Colour of Two Strawberry Genotypes from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fragaria</Emphasis> × <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ananassa</Emphasis>

In this study, average weight, colour, soluble solids content and titratable acidity were determined as quality parameters of strawberry fruits while ascorbic acid, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, total flavonoids, minerals and trace elements content as nutritional parameters. All these attributes along with the DPPH radical scavenging activity were screened in two strawberry genotypes grown on the same site at the ripe stage. Also, the phenolic profiles of the strawberry fruits were obtained by HPLC. Except colour, results showed no significant differences between cultivars in quality parameters. Ascorbic acid found for ‘Premial’ cv. (81.62?mg/100?g) was twice the amount found in ‘Magic’ cv. (42.15?mg/100?g), total phenolics varied from 207.95 (cv. ‘Premial’) to 249.98 (cv. ‘Magic’) mg GAE/100?g while total flavonoid content in fruits of ‘Magic’ cultivar (79.56?mg/100?g) was 2?fold higher than the one of the ‘Premial’ cv. The quercetin content ranged from 2.72 to 4.66?mg/100?g, whereas free ellagic acid ranged from 6.79 to 9.03?mg/100?g. The pale shiny fruits of ‘Premial’ cv. (higher L*, h^o and chroma index) had a lower total anthocyanin content (19.07?mg CG/100?g) than the bluish fruits of the ‘Magic’ cv. (23.96?mg CG/100?g). An inverse relationship between the levels of ascorbic acid and anthocyanin contents was also noticed in strawberry samples. Significant differences were found also in minerals and trace elements content of the two strawberry cultivars. The results revealed the importance of genetic background for the content of antioxidant compounds in strawberry fruits.