Effect of glucose on glucosinolates,antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in Brassica sprouts

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of glucose on glucosinolates, antioxidants and metabolic enzymes in Brassica sprouts. After glucose treatment, total glucosinolates, phenolics and anthocyanin contents and antioxidant activity were significantly enhanced in Chinese kale and pak choi sprouts, while only the anthocyanin and ascorbic acid contents were increased in radish sprouts. These results indicate that glucose treatment has selectively improved the nutritional compounds in different Brassica sprouts.     

Effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on glioma cell apoptosis

AIM：To explore the effect of component II of broccoli polypeptide on the apoptosis in glioma cells. METHODS：Human glioma SHG-44 cells were cultured and divided into control group and 3, 10, 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups. Cell viability was detected by MTT assay. The apoptotic rates were examined by Annexin V/PI staining. The morphological changes of the cells were observed under inverted microscope. The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by immunocytochemistry and Western blotting. The protein level of caspase-3 was also examined by Western blotting. RESULTS：Treatment with component II of broccoli polypeptide for 24 h, 48 h or 72 h induced significant inhibition of viability of SHG-44 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results of Annexin V/PI staining showed that the apoptotic rates were increased in treatment groups in a dose-dependent manner. The density of glioma cells was decreased after treated with increasing concentrations of the drug, and the apoptotic bodies were observed under inverted microscope at 72 h. The results of immunocytochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expression of Bax protein was increased but Bcl-2 protein expression was decreased, and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 was increased significantly compared with control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The level of caspase-3 protein was increased in 30 and 100 mg/L component II of broccoli polypeptide groups compared with control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION：The component II of broccoli polypeptide increases the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and activates caspase-3 protein, thus inducing the apoptosis of glioma cells.     

蔗糖代谢相关酶在卡因菠萝果实糖积累中的作用

以菠萝品种卡因为材料,测定了不同发育时期果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶-酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性的关系进行了分析.结果表明,卡因果实的发育呈单"S型"曲线,在幼果期到果实迅速生长期,果糖和葡萄糖积累较多,蔗糖积累缓慢,此期蔗糖积累较少与高活性蔗糖转化酶有关;进入成熟期,果实中蔗糖迅速积累,而己糖略有上升,果实蔗糖的显著增加主要与SS和SPS活性有关.酸性转化酶和中性转化酶前期活性很强,后期降低;蔗糖合成酶(合成方向)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶的活性变化趋势相似,前期弱后期强.经过相关性分析:果实中蔗糖含量与SS和SPS活性存在极显著的正相关性(相关系数分别为r=0.97273**和r=-0.91004**),而与NI活性呈极显著负相关(r=-0.76419**),与AI的活性呈显著负相关(r=-0.60594*).     

不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖分代谢与品质的影响

对蓝色膜、红色膜、银色膜等不同反光膜对设施葡萄果实糖代谢和品质的影响进行了研究。结果表明,3种反光膜处理均提高了叶幕下方光强,改变了光质,调节了果实的蔗糖代谢相关酶活性,其中在红膜和蓝膜处理下果实的酸性转化酶(AI)活性最高。各覆膜处理的果实蔗糖合酶(SS)活性均高于对照,而蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)活性均低于对照,其中银色膜、红膜处理的活性较低。各覆膜处理下果实中果糖、葡萄糖含量均高于对照,其中蓝膜处理果实葡萄糖含量最高(68.0 mg/g),银色膜处理果糖含量最高(54.8 mg/g)。此外,各覆膜处理均显著改善了果实品质,特别是蓝膜处理最为显著,提高了果实中可溶性糖含量、平均单果质量,降低了可滴定酸含量。花青苷含量以红膜最高,蓝膜次之。     

利用青花菜胞质雄性不育系育成新品种绿宝2号

1996～ 2 0 0 1年利用 3个引进的青花菜胞质雄性不育材料为不育源 ,对不同类型的青花菜材料分别进行转育 ,育成一批不同熟性不同类型的青花菜不育材料。这批材料不育性稳定 ,其不育株率和不育度均为 10 0 %,蜜腺正常 ,结籽正常 ,农艺性状与保持系基本一致。对育成的雄性不育系进行配合力测定 ,并对所配制的组合进行品种比较试验和生产示范 ,选育出青花菜新品种绿宝 2号。该品种抗病毒病和黑腐病 ,主花球产量 12 0 0～15 0 0kg·(6 6 7m2 ) -1。     

草莓果实蔗糖和己糖的代谢特性及其与糖积累的关系(英文)

以设施栽培的枥乙女草莓为试材,研究蔗糖代谢和己糖代谢关键酶在草莓果实糖积累进程中的作用。采集花后1～8周的果实,分别测定果实中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖的含量和蔗糖磷酸合酶(SPS)、蔗糖合酶(SS)、可溶性酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、己糖激酶(HXK)及果糖激酶(FRK)等蔗糖和己糖代谢酶的活性。结果表明,草莓果实的总糖含量随果实发育持续积累,但蔗糖的快速积累对果实后期糖的积累贡献最大。在果实发育前期,草莓AI活性随果实发育而下降,但在果实发育后期,AI活力随果实成熟而急剧上升,这使果实最终以积累己糖为主。果实蔗糖快速积累期,合成蔗糖的酶SPS和SS(合成方向)的活性下降到较低水平,表明这2种酶对草莓后期果实蔗糖的快速积累贡献较少。果实发育后期较低的HXK和FRK活力有利于果实糖的快速积累。     

Effect of sucrose concentrations on somatic embryogenesis in carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)

The effect of sucrose concentration on callus induction followed by differentiation of embryogenic callus derived from petal explants of four carnation cultivars (Nelson, Sagres, Spirit and Impulse) was investigated. Embryogenic calli were produced on Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F.A., 1962. Revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant 154, 73–479] basal medium (MS) culture medium containing six concentrations of sucrose (3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18%, w/v) all supplemented with 9 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.8 μM 6-benzyladenine (BA). Maximum frequency of embryogenic callus was obtained from the media containing 9 and 12% sucrose. Somatic embryos were induced on a hormone-free MS media containing the seven concentrations of sucrose. Development of somatic embryos was enhanced by increasing sucrose concentration from 1.5 to 12%, while it was reduced in higher concentrations of 15 and 18%. However, normal embryos were not developed in the media containing 1.5 and 3% sucrose. Ninety-five percent of somatic embryos were regenerated to form the entire plantlets when they transferred onto the half-strength hormone-free MS culture medium containing 3% sucrose. Plantlets were also continued to grow normally under greenhouse condition.     

补灌水平对宁南山区露地青花菜产量、品质及耕层水分动态的影响

为探究宁夏南部山区自然降水条件下露地青花菜的最佳补灌灌溉方案,采用大田田间对比试验,设置5个补灌水平,在宁夏原州区冷凉蔬菜基地开展补灌水平对土壤水分分布、青花菜产量、品质、水分利用效率的试验研究.结果表明,青花菜全生育期自然降雨主要集中在7月份,且占全生育期降雨量的78.49％,此月份无需补灌即可满足生育后期对水分的需...     

糖代谢相关酶和GA_3、ABA在嫁接伽师瓜果实糖分积累中的作用

在不同发育时期测定了嫁接伽师瓜果实中蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖含量以及蔗糖代谢相关酶———酸性转化酶(AI)、中性转化酶(NI)、蔗糖合成酶(SS)和蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)的活性,并对果实中糖积累与酶活性和激素含量的关系进行了分析。结果表明:蔗糖代谢相关酶和激素的综合作用是影响果实糖积累的重要因子之一;嫁接伽师瓜间果实发育过程中蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖和糖代谢酶活性变化趋势基本一致。在果实发育早期,果实中以分解酶为主,糖分积累少;发育后期以合成酶为主,糖分积累多。嫁接伽师瓜果实糖分含量与同期自根伽师瓜相比明显减少;但嫁接伽师瓜植株生育期比自根伽师瓜延迟20-28d,果实生育期延迟15-18d,此时嫁接伽师瓜果实糖分含量明显高于自根伽师瓜。嫁接伽师瓜果实中ABA和GA3含量的变化明显滞后于自根伽师瓜,砧木可能通过影响果实糖代谢相关酶活性和激素含量来影响果实中糖分积累。     

苹果加工品种的糖积累与蔗糖代谢相关酶活性

以苹果加工品种瑞林、瑞丹、瑞星为试材研究了发育过程中不同品种苹果果实中糖积累和糖代谢相关酶活性的变化。结果表明,瑞林以积累果糖为主,成熟果实的果糖含量占总糖的53.58%,葡萄糖占24.85%;瑞丹以积累果糖为主、其次是蔗糖,2者分别占总糖的45.52%和35.39%;瑞星是蔗糖/果糖积累并重型品种,蔗糖含量占47.94%,果糖占总糖的46.65%。瑞星蔗糖积累早于其他品种并呈持续上升趋势,而瑞林果糖积累开始早,蔗糖积累缓慢。各品种蔗糖含量与酸性转化酶活性呈负相关,瑞星的酸性转化酶活性明显低于其他品种,而瑞林则表现出较高的酸性转化酶活性。发育后期各品种蔗糖含量升高与酶的净合成活性升高有关。     

Effects of plant density in broccoli on yield and radiation use efficiency

The effects of plant density on broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck) commercial characteristics are well determined. However, it is not completely clear how the broccoli plant respond to changes in plant shading as a result of different plant densities. The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of plant density on intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), plant architecture, and plant growth and production. “Legacy” broccoli plants were grown in pots in a greenhouse in the seasons of 2002 and 2003 at 2, 4, 6 or 8 plants m⁻² (temperatures: between 10.0 and 16.1 °C, average incident PAR: 12 mol m⁻² day⁻¹). Plant density affected the intercepted and accumulated PAR. There were not effects on the length of the vegetative and reproductive periods, the total and final number of leaves, and the spear diameter and fresh weight. The magnitude and evolution of leaf area (LA) was independent of plant density up to 70 days after transplant (dat). Since then on, LA increased linearly with plant density. The highest intercepted PAR was 70–72% with 6–8 plants m⁻². With the increase in plant density: the erectness of the upper leaves and stem length increased, the extinction coefficient decreased and commercial spear (inflorescence plus a portion of stem 10 cm long) weight decreased (but it was due to the stem portion of the spear and not to the edible portion). On an area basis, the decrease in commercial spear weight with plant density was more than compensated by the higher number of plants. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) increased proportionally with the leaf area index (LAI) up to a LAI of about 3, and then stabilized. The only effect of plant density on dry weight partitioning was to decrease the dry weight allocated to the stem portion of the spear. As plant density increased, and consequently the degree of shading increased, the net assimilation rate (NAR) decreased and the leaf area ratio (LAR) increased. This compensatory change between NAR and LAR, kept the relative growth rate (RGR) for individual plants almost constant.     

不同光质对豌豆芽苗菜生长和品质的影响

为探明光质对芽菜生长及品质的影响,以豌豆为试材,采用半导体发光二极管光源(LED)精确调制红光(R)、绿光(G)、蓝光(B)、红蓝光4∶1(RB 4∶1),以遮光处理为对照(CK),研究不同光质对豌豆芽苗菜生长及其品质的影响。结果表明:各光质都提高了豌豆芽苗菜品质指标氨基酸、蛋白质、维生素C、类胡萝卜素、花青素含量和生长指标干质量,红光处理的维生素C、蛋白质和花青素含量最大,较对照分别升高了312.51%、74.31%和157.68%,蓝光处理的氨基酸含量最高,较对照升高了312.55%,干质量的最大值为红蓝光4∶1处理,红蓝光4∶1处理的类胡萝素含量约为对照的13倍。应用模糊函数的隶属函数法,进行综合性评价,得到红蓝4∶1的和值最大,绿光的和值最小,由此可得红蓝4∶1最适合豌豆芽苗菜的生产。     

赤霉素对青花菜植株生长和茎尖核酸含量的影响

研究了赤霉素(GA)对青花菜植株生长和茎尖核酸含量的影响。试验结果表明,GA可提高青花菜植株质量、地上部鲜质量和经济系数,促进植株生长。适宜浓度的GA液可促进青花菜植株的DNA、RNA和总核酸的合成。     

转化用抗生素对青花菜离体再生的影响

为确定农杆菌转化青花菜时所用抗生素的适宜浓度,在分化与生根培养基中分别添加不同浓度的卡那霉素(Km)、500 mg/L的羧苄青霉素(Cb)与头孢霉素(Cef),探讨了对青花菜离体再生的影响.结果表明:青花菜外植体对Km比较敏感,表现在分化阶段10 mg/L Km能抑制带柄子叶与下胚轴分化不定芽,在生根阶段15 mg/L Km能完全抑制根的生出.在脱菌抗生素的使用上,分化阶段宜用Cb,并逐步降低浓度,生根阶段宜用低浓度的Cef.     

氮肥对西兰花花球产量和品质的影响

研究了不同氮肥施用量对西兰花花球产量和品质的影响.研究结果表明,在磷、钾、硼肥用量相同的情况下,氮肥用量对西兰花花球的产量和品质有明显影响,每1 hm2 施纯氯300 kg,能获得较高的产量,品质也较好,保证了较高的出口鲜销合格率.     

花粉直感对杨梅果实品质及不同蔗糖代谢酶活性的影响

【目的】探究杨梅的花粉直感效应。【方法】以‘东魁’‘荸荠种’为母本,选用黄岩、舟山的雄株作为花粉源进行人工授粉,并以自然授粉为对照,观察其对当年果实品质的影响,并且测定2个不同发育时期的杨梅果实蔗糖磷酸合成酶(SPS)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)的活性。【结果】以‘荸荠种’为母本的授粉组合中,单果质量比对照低6.5%~18.6%,果实纵径比对照低4.62%~9.16%,亮度比对照低5.1%~16.4%,总糖含量比对照低14.17%~16.67%,维生素C含量比对照低6.73%~10.3%,可滴定酸含量比对照高17.1%~20.3%。以‘东魁’为母本授粉组合中,与自然授粉相比,果实质量、果实横纵经、可食率等方面差异不显著,色差比对照低8.1%~9.3%,‘东魁’×黄岩花粉可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量和可滴定酸含量分别比对照高31.95%、3.06%、25.39%。杨梅人工授粉不同雌雄组合表现出花粉直感现象。SPS活性在5月19日和6月19日最高的分别是‘荸荠种’×舟山花粉和‘东魁’×舟山花粉。SS活性在5月19日和6月19日最高的分别是‘荸荠种’×黄岩花粉和‘东魁’×黄岩花粉。【结论】‘荸荠种’×舟山花粉、‘东魁’×黄岩花粉为最佳组合,‘荸荠种’和‘东魁’都与黄岩和舟山的杨梅花粉有亲和力。从容易取材及品质改良两方面综合考虑,黄岩和舟山的杨梅雄株在品质改良中有着一定的优势,舟山的杨梅花粉为‘荸荠种’授粉对品质的改良更好,黄岩的杨梅花粉为‘东魁’授粉对品质的改良更佳。     

绿菜花双核期小孢子比例对游离小孢子培养的影响

在１／２ＮＬＮ培养基、３２．５℃、２４ｈ热激处理下,对３份绿菜花品种进行游离小孢子培养,结果表明,悬浮培养液中双核期小孢子比例对胚胎发生影响很大。品种的基因型不同,适宜的双核期小孢子比例也不同,‘ｂｃ－０’、‘Ｇａｌａｘｙ’在双核期小孢子比例分别为１５．３８％和１３．６０％时,出胚率最高;‘ｂｃ－４’则在５０．７％时出胚率最高,达３７．０８胚／蕾。     

Influence of ventilation and sucrose on growth and leaf anatomy of micropropagated potato plantlets

Potato single nodes were cultured in vessels containing MS medium supplemented with 10, 20 and 30 g/l of sucrose. Vessels were closed with a clear polypropylene lid with or without 10 mm microporous polypropylene membrane. Sucrose concentration significantly increased plantlet height, shoot fresh weight and chlorophyll a content. Plantlets grown in ventilated vessels were significantly shorter, had lower shoot fresh weight and higher shoot dry weight than those in non-ventilated vessels. The highest leaf chlorophyll a content (21.83 mg/g fresh weight) was found in plantlets grown in ventilated vessels using MS medium with 20 g/l of sucrose, whereas those grown on medium with 10 g/l of sucrose had the highest chlorophyll b content (24.00 mg/g fresh weight). Total chlorophyll content was significantly higher when plantlets were grown in ventilated vessels containing medium with 10 or 30 g/l sucrose than in non-ventilated vessels. There was no significant difference in total chlorophyll content among plantlets grown in ventilated vessels with different concentrations of sucrose. Stomatal density was significantly lower when plants were grown under ventilated conditions. Leaf replica examination showed that stomata under non-ventilated condition were spherical with wide openings whereas, those in ventilated vessels were elliptical with narrow openings. Plantlets grown in non-ventilated vessels had thinner leaves and failed to build up a distinct defined upper epidermis, palisade parenchyma layer and spongy cells. On the other hand, leaves under ventilated conditions showed comparatively well organized layers with small intercellular space. The vascular system of leaves under the ventilated conditions demonstrated very well developed xylem unlike leaves under non-ventilated conditions. Thus, ventilated vessels with the 20 g/l of sucrose under ambient CO₂ in the growth room could successfully promote photomixotrophic culture and produce healthy plantlets.     

Influence of nitrogen form,growing season and sulfur fertilization on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of nitrogen (N) sources, sulfur (S) and growing seasons on yield and the content of nitrate and vitamin C of broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. spp. Italica). Three N fertilizers (ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate and urea) were side-dressed while two levels of sulfur (0.0 and 0.5%) were sprayed on broccoli plants grown in both spring and fall-winter seasons. Here, we report on the interaction between N-source and S supply, yield, and nitrate content and discuss the relevance of this interaction in relation to crop-management strategies under different growing seasons. In the fall-winter season, broccoli yield of “Sultan F1”, “Majestic F1” and “Marathon F1” were 21.23%, 128.52% and 88.53% higher than spring season. Furthermore, S application increased the yield by 9% average over growing seasons, cultivars and N-forms. Also, application of urea as N-source decreased the yield by approximately 13–15% than other N-sources. High curd nitrate accumulation was attributed with spring season and “Marathon F1”, however, less accumulation was found in fall-winter season and “Majestic F1”. Fertilizers containing N forms that not ready available to the crop, i.e. ammonium sulfate and urea, decreased nitrate than fast N-release fertilizer (ammonium nitrate), but their effect on the yield was different. Highest yield with low content of nitrate was achieved when ammonium sulfate combined with sulfur were used during fall-winter season, especially in cv. “Marathon F1”. N-source and sulfur application had no effect on vitamin C, conversely, it was affected by growing season and tested genotypes. Therefore, additions of ammonium sulfate and sulfur application in the field of broccoli were essential to produce higher yield with good quality curds that pose minimum health risk to human.     

1—甲基环丙烯延缓青花菜衰老的效应及机理

 研究了1—甲基环丙烯(1-MCP)对青花菜衰老的影响。结果表明，0～20 µL/L的1-MCP在20℃下处理青花菜花球6 h，能延长2O 藏条件下苛仡菜的货架寿命，延缓花蕾中营养成分叶绿素、类胡萝卜素和维生素c等的降解，其中以2.5 µL/L处 的效果最佳。进一步研究还表明2.5 µL/L 1-MCP处理抑制花蕾的呼吸速率和乙烯释放速率，行使 藏期 花蕾的蛋白质含量升高；丙二醛(MDA)含量下降，使超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化氧酶(CAT)的活性升高，过氧化物酶(POD)的活性下降，同时，SDS-PAGE分析表明，这一处理使花球中醇溶性蛋白和水溶性蛋白的组分和含量发生明显变化