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1.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of coconut oil and garlic powder supplementation on digestibility of nutrients, rumen fermentation, rumen ecology, rumen microorganism and methanogen diversity. Four, 3-year old, rumen fistulated swamp buffalo bulls were randomly assigned in a 4 × 4 Latin square design to receive four dietary treatments; 7% coconut oil, 7% coconut oil with 50 g/day of garlic powder, 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder and non-supplemented (control). During the experiment, concentrate was offered at 0.5% of BW while rice straw was given on ad libitum basis. It was found that supplementation of 7% coconut oil had significantly influenced on total DM intake, OM, NDF and ADF digestibilites while supplementation of 7% coconut oil with garlic powder (50 and 100 g/day) were not significantly different when compared with the control. Dietary supplementations did not affect on rumen pH, NH3–N concentrations. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was significantly higher in supplemented groups. Total VFA concentration, proportion of acetate and acetate to propionate ratio were reduced by supplementation. Proportion of propionate was increased (P < 0.05) when supplemented with 7% coconut oil and 7% coconut oil with 100 g/day of garlic powder. Methane production was dramatically reduced (P = 0.005) in supplemented treatments and was 10% reduced in 7% coconut oil supplementation. Amylolytic and proteolytic bacteria were increased (P = 0.007 and P = 0.024) while protozoal population decreased by 68–75% (P < 0.01) by supplementation. Total bacterial population was increased by supplementation while total fungi and total methanogens were not significantly different among treatments. Percentage of cellulolytic bacterial population was not different among treatments. However, dietary supplementation reduced (P < 0.001) percentage of F. succinogenes population. However, methanogen diversity was not changed using PCR–DGGE as technique. Thirteen separate bands were found in the DGGE gel. Based on this study, supplementation with 7% coconut oil plus 100 g/day of garlic powder could be efficiently utilized in the rumen and thus, could provide good fermentation end products and improve rumen ecology for the host swamp buffaloes particularly in reducing 9% methane gas production without changing nutrient digestibilities.  相似文献   

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包被硒对西门塔尔牛瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
选用4头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔阉牛,采用4×4拉丁方设计,研究日粮中添加包被硒(0、0.3、0.6、0.9mg/kg)对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物的影响。结果表明:添加包被硒瘤胃中pH值、VFA、乙酸/丙酸比值均无显著差异(P>0.05);瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著降低(P<0.05);玉米秸秆DM、OM、ADF和NDF有效降解率提高;0.6mg/kg和0.9mg/kg组豆粕DM、OM和CP有效降解率显著高于对照组(P<0.05);0.6mg/kg组和0.9mg/kg组尿囊素、PD显著高于对照组和0.3mg/kg组(P<0.05)。兼顾基础日粮含硒量以及考虑硒的安全剂量,建议以包被硒为硒源时日粮硒添加水平为0.60mg/kg(以干物质计)。  相似文献   

4.
利用体外产气法研究不同饱和度脂肪和抗氧化剂添加对湖羊瘤胃体外发酵参数的影响。试验采用2×2因子设计,试验因素为脂肪类型(全饱和与50%饱和度)和抗氧化剂(0或500mg/kg)。结果显示,脂肪类型不影响瘤胃发酵参数和抗氧化状态(P>0.05),与饱和脂肪相比,补充不饱和脂肪可显著降低瘤胃液中产琥珀酸丝状杆菌相对于总菌的比例(P<0.05)、提高原虫的比例(P<0.05)。添加抗氧化剂可提高瘤胃体外24h产气量和有机物消化率(P<0.05),并有减少乙酸摩尔比、增加丙酸摩尔比的趋势(P<0.10)。添加抗氧化剂有降低瘤胃丙二醛、提高超氧化物歧化酶活性的趋势(P<0.10)。抗氧化剂对黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌的影响与脂肪类型有关,不饱和脂肪添加抗氧化剂可显著提高黄色瘤胃球菌和白色瘤胃球菌相对于总菌的比例,而饱和脂肪添加无显著影响。上述结果表明,日粮添加不饱和脂肪不利于纤维分解菌的生长,添加抗氧化剂可改善不饱和脂肪对瘤胃微生物的影响,而对饱和脂肪影响较小;添加抗氧化剂还可改善瘤胃抗氧化状态、提高有机物的消化率。  相似文献   

5.
选用7头体重420 kg,2.5岁装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的西门塔尔牛,采用7×7拉丁方设计,研究日粮添加赛乐硒(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)和Na2SeO3(7.5,15.0和22.5 mg/d)对瘤胃发酵和尿嘌呤衍生物含量的影响。结果表明,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃pH值显著低于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。各处理组瘤胃氨态氮浓度显著低于对照组,但赛乐硒与Na2SeO3处理之间无显著差异(P>0.05)。22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃乙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组丙酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3各组及对照组,15.0和22.5 mg/d赛乐硒组瘤胃丁酸和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度显著高于Na2SeO3组,赛乐硒各组乙酸/丙酸显著低于Na2SeO3各组及对照组(P<0.05)。15.0mg/d赛乐硒组玉米秸秆干物质、有机物质、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维有效降解率显著高于其他处理(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕干物质有效降解率显著高于对照组,15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组豆粕粗蛋白质有效降解率显著高于7.5 mg/d赛乐硒组(P<0.05)。15.0 mg/d赛乐硒组尿嘌呤衍生物含量显著高于Na2SeO3组(P<0.05)。赛乐硒较Na2SeO3显著促进瘤胃发酵,促进瘤胃纤维等营养物质的分解,促进蛋白质的合成,适宜补充量为7.5~15.0 mg/d。  相似文献   

6.
The objective was to evaluate the effect of dietary coconut oil on methane (CH(4)) emissions and the microbial community in Tibetan sheep. Twelve animals were assigned to receive either a control diet (oaten hay) or a mixture diet containing concentrate (maize meal), in which coconut oil was supplemented at 12?g/day or not for a period of 4?weeks. CH(4) emissions were measured by using the 'tunnel' technique, and microbial communities were examined using quantitative real-time PCR. Daily CH(4) production for the control and forage-to-concentrate ratio of 6:4 was 17.8 and 15.3?g, respectively. Coconut oil was particularly effective at reducing CH(4) emissions from Tibetan sheep. The inclusion of coconut oil for the control decreased CH(4) production (in grams per day) by 61.2%. In addition, there was a positive correlation between the number of methanogens and the daily CH(4) production (R?=?0.95, P?相似文献   

7.
Using nutritional antioxidants in livestock systems is considered the key in improving animal production. The current study assumes that dietary tomato powder (TP) supplementation positively affects haemato‐immunological, biochemical, and antioxidant parameters for New Zealand rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits (45 days old) were assigned to three groups, including a diet with no additives (control), and two dietary treatments with the providing of 1% or 2% TP. Mass spectrometric study for TP methanolic extract showed some phenolic compounds. Consumption of TP supplemented diets significantly (p < 0.001) affected body weight gain and feed efficiency. Red blood cells and white blood cells count exhibited a significant increase (p < 0.001) in both TP groups compared with the control. In addition to, feeding rabbits on TP enhanced cell‐mediated and humoral immune responses through a significant increase in phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and levels of immunoglobulins (TIg, IgG, IgM and IgA). Supplementation of TP significantly (< 0.01) reduced lipid profile induces except high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol values. A remarkable significant (< 0.001) effect on serum and hepatic oxidative stress responses were observed with TP addition. Ultimately, TP supplementation could play a potential role as a growth and health enhancer for fattening rabbits.  相似文献   

8.
通过3年的试验,在新疆奇台县砾石戈壁上进行木贼麻黄Ephedra equisetina人工温室育苗,并进行室外移栽取得了成功.此技术明显优于大田直播、砾石戈壁铺膜穴播和室内筒栽育苗再移栽方式.温室育苗出苗率最高,达98%;温室育苗从播种至苗齐仅需6 d,比大田直播育苗提前16 d;温室育苗播量为1.5 kg/hm2,大田直播播量90 kg/hm2;温室滴灌用水750 m3/hm2,大田灌溉用水7 500 m3/hm2,滴灌用水仅为其1/10.  相似文献   

9.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of grape pomace powder levels and roughage sources on gas kinetics, digestibility and fermentation of swamp buffaloes by using in vitro techniques. The experimental design was a 2 × 4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design. Factor A was two sources of roughage (untreated rice straw, RS, and 3% urea treated rice straw, UTRS) and factor B was four levels of grape pomace powder (GPP) supplementation (0, 2, 4, 6% of substrate) on a dry matter basis. Results revealed that GPP supplementation at 2, 4 and 6% of substrate influenced gas kinetics. Cumulative gas production tended to be lower in the supplemented group. In vitro true digestibility was higher in the GPP supplementation at 2% with UTRS while microbial mass was higher in the supplemented groups. Supplementation of GPP significantly increased the total volatile fatty acids, especially propionate. Calculated methane production was subsequently decreased in the supplemented groups. Bacterial population was higher while protozoal population was lower by GPP supplementation. It could be concluded that supplementation of GPP at 2% of the substrate with UTRS improved in vitro true digestibility, rumen fermentation end‐products as well as reducing methane production.  相似文献   

10.
Ginkgo extract was applied to a batch culture study and evaluated for its potential as a feed additive for ruminant animals under different forage‐to‐concentrate (F:C) ratios (1:9, 3:7, 5:5, 7:3 and 9:1). Rumen fluid was mixed with respective diet and incubated at 39°C for 24 h with and without ginkgo extract (1.6% fruit equivalent in culture). Methane production was significantly decreased by ginkgo extract, with the greatest reductions found in the 5:5 (41.9%) followed by the 7:3 ratios (36.7%). Total short chain fatty acid and ammonia levels were not affected by ginkgo extract supplementation in any of the five different diets. However, ginkgo extract increased propionate proportion and decreased acetate proportion in all dietary conditions tested. The levels of total bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus and Fibrobacter succinogenes were decreased by ginkgo extract. The levels of Selenomonas ruminantium, Anaerovibrio lipolytica, Ruminobacter amylophilus, Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens and Megasphaera elsdenii were increased by ginkgo extract supplementation, possibly contributing to the higher propionate production. These results suggest that rumen modulation by ginkgo extract can be achieved at a wide range of F:C ratios with no adverse impact on feed digestion. Moreover, F:C ratios of 5:5 and 7:3 may be optimal when methane mitigation is expected.  相似文献   

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12.
向洋 《中国饲料》2019,(4):17-21
文章旨在研究不同淀粉水平日粮中添加酵母培养物对奶牛生产性能和瘤胃发酵功能的影响。试验选择16头荷斯坦奶牛,随机分为4组,每组4个重复,每个重复1头牛。试验日粮采用2×2多因素方差设计,两个淀粉水平(23%和29%),两个酵母培养物水平(0和25 g/d),试验共进行28 d。结果显示:日粮添加酵母培养物后显著提高了产奶量、3.5%标准乳、能量校正奶(P <0.05)。无论是在低或高淀粉水平日粮中添加酵母培养物均显著提高乳脂含量(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮或添加酵母培养物显著提高了乳蛋白含量(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮中添加酵母培养物较对照组显著降低了血浆结合珠蛋白的含量(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮中添加酵母培养无较对照组显著降低了淀粉表观消化率(P <0.05),低淀粉水平日粮组显著提高了乙酸含量(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮组显著提高了瘤胃乳酸含量(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮组较低淀粉水平组显著降低了氮沉积量(P <0.05),添加酵母培养物使氮沉积量显著升高(P <0.05)。高淀粉水平日粮中添加酵母培养物组氮摄入量和乳氮含量最高(P <0.05)。结论 :在本试验条件下,高淀粉水平日粮中添加15 g/d酵母培养物可以降低奶牛代谢紊乱症的发生,提高纤维消化率及微生物蛋白的产量,进而改善泌乳性能。  相似文献   

13.
作者综述了3种非离子型表面活性剂(吐温60、吐温80和SOLFA-850)在反刍动物营养方面的研究进展。添加0.05%和0.10%的吐温80.显著提高了体外混合瘤胃微生物培养物中羧甲基纤维素酶、木聚糖酶、淀粉酶和大麦葡聚糖酶等胞外酶的总产量(P〈0.05),胞外和胞内果胶酶的总产量不受影响。吐温60也能促进蛋白酶和纤维素酶的活性.不过需要较高的浓度水平。SOLFA-850能极显著提高羧甲基纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性(P〈0.01)。添加吐温80显著促进瘤胃内非纤维素分解菌的生长速度,而对纤维分解菌的生长影响不大。添加SOLFA-850能增加总可计数菌的数量,但不影响纤维分解菌的数量。吐温80也能显著增加瘤胃内真菌和原虫的数量。瘤胃灌注吐温80或SOLFA-850能增加瘤胃pH、氨氮和总挥发性脂肪酸浓度,提高干物质降解率和奶牛产奶量。非离子型表面活性剂的作用机理至少可归结为:①增加酶的释放量和/或增强酶的活性;②促进酶和底物之间的相互作用。因此非离子型表面活性剂今后可能成为一种新型反刍动物饲料添加剂。  相似文献   

14.
This study was conducted to examine in vivo long‐term effects of dietary dried oregano (Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum) whole plant on rumen fermentation, enzyme profile and microbial communities. For this purpose, eight healthy, adult, non‐lactating Alpine goats were kept in tie stalls equipped for individual feeding and randomly divided into two homogeneous groups: one fed 0.6 kg of a concentrate mixture and 0.6 kg of wheat straw without any supplementation and served as control group (CON) while the other group (OR) fed the same diet of CON but supplemented with 20 g of dried oregano plants (OPs) to provide daily dosage of 1 ml of essential oil (EO) per animal. The experimental period lasted 69 days and individual rumen fluid samples were obtained every 2 weeks at 0 and 4 hr after feeding. The results showed that dietary supplementation with OPs increased the protease activity (p < .001) and ammonia concentration (p < .05) in the rumen. Among the studied microbial populations, Peptostreptococcus anaerobius (p = .028) and Clostridium sticklandii (p < .001) were found to be the most sensitive to oregano at the current dosage. Furthermore, the total methanogen population significantly decreased (p < .05). It is concluded that a long‐term dietary administration of OPs can suppress specific rumen micro‐organisms and modify rumen fermentation favourably at least by means of suppressing methanogens.  相似文献   

15.
Five ruminally, duodenally, and ileally cannulated sheep (average BW 62 kg) were fed 65% roughage: 35% concentrate diets (CP = 15%) in a 5 x 5 Latin square design to study the applicability of using a combination of defaunation with N supplements (soybean meal [SBM], corn gluten meal [CGM], blood meal [BM], urea, and casein) with different extents of ruminal degradation to manipulate microbial protein synthesis and amount of ruminal escape protein. Diets were fed twice daily (1,759 g DM/d). Defaunation was accomplished with 30-ml doses of alkanate 3SL3 (active ingredient: sodium lauryl diethoxy sulfate)/sheep daily for 3 d with 2 d of fasting. Treatment 1 (control) involved feeding faunated sheep a diet in which the supplemental N (45% of total dietary N) was 67% SBM N and 33% urea N. Treatment 2 involved feeding defaunated sheep the same diet as the control. Treatments 3, 4, and 5 involved feeding defaunated sheep diets in which the supplemental N source was either 67% CGM-BM (1:1 N ratio) N:33% urea N, or 33% CGM-BM N:67% urea N or 33% CGM-BM N:33% urea N:33% casein N, respectively. Compared with the faunated control, defaunation decreased (P less than .05) ruminal ammonia concentration (19 vs 26 mg/dl) and increased (P less than .05) CP flow to the duodenum (253 vs 214 g/d) due to a trend for increases in both bacterial (BCP) and nonbacterial (NBCP) CP flows.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)  相似文献   

16.
1.?The effect of dietary pea and addition of organic acid blend (OA) or probiotic (Pro) on performance and caecal microbial ecology of broiler chickens was studied.

2.?A growth trial was conducted with 160 Ross 308 female broilers from d 1 to 35 of age. There were 8 treatment groups based on either control (S) or white pea (P). Both S and P were supplemented with OA (Galliacid – fumaric acid, calcium formate, calcium propionate and potassium sorbate coated with plant triglycerides, Vetagro) and or with Pro (LABYuc-Probio – lactic acid bacteria, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Yucca schidigeri extract, Mifarmex GmbH).

3.?Inclusion of peas in the diet increased feed intake and decreased gain:feed ratio in comparison to the control diet. Neither probiotic nor OA supplementations affected broiler performance.

4.?The caecal microbiota was characterised in 37-d-old birds by fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and terminal-restriction fragment length polymorphism (T-RFLP). Total bacterial counts in caecal contents were slightly higher for birds fed the pea diets, but were not affected by OA or Pro supplements.

5.?Neither pea nor Pro affected the Lactobacillus/Enterococcus and Streptococcus/Lactococcus counts in caecal contents, whereas OA supplementation slightly increased the Lactobacillus/Enterococcus counts. The composition of the Lactobacillus/Enterococcus population was altered by inclusion of peas as revealed by the T-RFLP patterns.

6.?The DNA fingerprint further suggested that the caecal microbiota was dominated by the lactic acid bacterium Streptococcus alactolyticus.

7.?In ileal contents, the concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) was decreased only by Pro supplementation. In caecal contents, the SCFA concentration was higher for birds fed on the pea diets, and increased significantly with Pro supplementation

8.?In conclusion, the results indicate that the use of pea and probiotics in broiler feed may stimulate the caecal commensal microbiota (growth and/or activity) to some extent and hence prevent establishment of pathogenic and zoonotic enterobacteria in these segments of the gut.  相似文献   


17.
袁听  韦剑锋 《中国饲料》2021,1(6):111-114
本研究旨在评估非常规饲料资源马铃薯粉在育肥猪上的应用,研究其对猪生长性能、胴体性状和肉品质的影响.试验将450头体重一致的育肥猪随机分为3组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只.对照组饲喂基础日粮,两个处理组分别饲喂马铃薯粉添加水平为10%和20%的日粮,试验为期56?d.结果:与对照组相比,10%马铃薯粉组29~56?d及...  相似文献   

18.
1. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Gynura procumbens on egg yolk and serum cholesterol and triglycerides, excreta microflora, laying performance and egg quality.

2. A total of 160 Hy-Line Brown layers (45 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had 4 replicates with 10 birds each.

3. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/kg diet G. procumbens during 56-d feeding period.

4. Serum (d 21, 42 and 56) and egg yolk (d 28, 42 and 56) cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were linearly reduced with increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens.

5. Increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens linearly reduced the excreta total anaerobic bacteria (d 28), Clostridium sp. and Escherichia coli (d 28 and 56) populations.

6. Overall egg production and egg mass were linearly increased, and overall feed efficiency was linearly improved with increase in dietary G. procumbens.

7. Dietary increasing concentrations of G. procumbens linearly improved egg yolk colour (d 28 and 56) and breaking strength of eggs (d 56).

8. The results obtained in the present experiment indicate that dietary supplementation with G. procumbens could reduce the egg yolk cholesterol, suppresses harmful excreta microflora and improves layers performance.  相似文献   


19.
  1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementing diets with three types of fermented Ginkgo-leaves (FGL) on growth, antioxidant capacity, intestinal morphology and microbial ecology in broiler chicks.

  2. A total of 300 d-old broilers were randomly allocated to 4 dietary treatments with 6 replications of 10 birds each. Birds were fed on basal diets (Control) or basal diets supplemented with 0.5% FGL with Candida utilis (CF group), Aspergillus niger (AF group) or their combined fermentation (CAF group), respectively, for a 42 d feeding trial.

  3. AF and CAF supplementation improved body weight gain (BWG) (22–42 d) and feed conversion ratio (22–42 d and 1–42 d). Concentrations of serum α-tocopherol in CAF group, as well as hepatic α-tocopherol in the three FGL groups were increased, while hepatic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were greatly decreased in group AF and CAF. Chickens in AF and CAF groups had decreased hepatic protein carbonyls and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as jejunal and ileal protein carbonyls. The total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) activities and glutathione (GSH) of both jejunum and ileum of the CAF group were higher than the other groups.

  4. Duodenal and jejunal villous height of birds fed on the AF and CAF diets were increased, while jejunal crypt depth (CD) was decreased. Furthermore, birds fed on AF and CAF supplemented diets had increased ileal lactobacilli populations. Decreased ileal and caecal Escherichia coli and Salmonellas populations was found for the birds fed on CAF supplemented diets.

  5. The present study may indicate that the improved feed efficiency and intestinal functions in the group supplemented with AF and CAF are directly connected with the improved antioxidant capacity and intestinal microbial ecology.

  相似文献   

20.
Despite the fact that the use of rosemary and thyme residues and essential oils in animal feeding was widely documented, that of myrtle is scarce. To test the hypothesis that myrtle essential oils (MEOs) could improve goats' carcass characteristics and meat quality traits, twenty-one male goats received a ration consisted of 40% oat hay and 60% concentrate. Experimental goat kids received the control diet supplemented with 0, 0.3 and 0.6% of myrtle essential oils (MEOs) for C, Myrt1 and Myrt2 groups respectively. The administration of MEO did not improve the daily DM intake (p > 0.05). Kids of C and Myrt2 groups had higher average daily gain than Myrt1 group (75 versus 55 g). The goats slaughtered at 19.9 kg of weight did not differ (p > 0.05) in carcass weights and carcass yield in terms of commercial dressing percentage (CDP = 41%) and real dressing percentage (RDP = 52%). The administration of MEO increased the meat polyphenol content, being higher in both Myrtle groups (87 versus. 56 μg gallic acid equivalents g-1 fresh matter, p < 0.05). Myrtle EO administration protected kids’ meat against oxidation (0.48 versus. 0.91 mg MDA/kg of meat for Myrtle and C groups, respectively, at the 9th day of storage; p < 0.05). It could be useful to include MEO as a dietary supplement in goats’ rations since it improves meat's oxidative status without negative effects on FA profile.  相似文献   

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