四个梨品种果实套袋试验

１９９８年进行，试验地为红壤丘陵，供试品种有新世纪（５年生和１０年生），黄花、杭青（５年生），金水二号（１０年生），均为棠梨砧。梨园管理水平一致，植株生长结果大致相同。供试果袋为河北省石家庄果树研究所研制的“海河牌”ＬＢ４型梨果实袋。均设套袋与不套袋...     

淹水胁迫对黄瓜幼苗生长及不定根解剖结构的影响

以黄瓜幼苗为试材,研究了淹水胁迫(0、4、8、12d)对黄瓜幼苗生长指标及不定根解剖结构的影响。结果表明:淹水胁迫抑制了黄瓜幼苗的根、茎、叶鲜质量、株高及子叶上下1cm处茎粗的正常生长,淹水胁迫4d对根、茎、叶鲜质量及株高产生显著抑制作用,淹水8、12d分别显著抑制了子叶上、下1cm处茎粗生长,而淹水胁迫12d内未对黄瓜幼苗叶片数的生长起到抑制作用。黄瓜幼苗叶片MDA含量在淹水胁迫4d后淹水处理显著高于对照。淹水胁迫12d后,黄瓜不定根皮层出现溶生性通气组织,但不发达。说明黄瓜幼苗具有一定的耐淹水能力,但能力有限。     

淹水胁迫对丝瓜和苦瓜幼苗形态及不定根解剖结构的影响

以荆州本地丝瓜和香帅5号为试材,研究淹水胁迫对丝瓜和苦瓜幼苗形态、不定根解剖结构和屏障结构的影响。结果表明:丝瓜幼苗淹水胁迫12 d内株高、叶片数及鲜质量与对照差异不显著,淹水胁迫16 d后才显著低于对照,而苦瓜幼苗淹水胁迫4 d后株高、叶片数及鲜质量均显著低于对照。丝瓜幼苗淹水胁迫8 d后淹水部位茎粗(子叶以下1 cm处)显著大于对照,但苦瓜幼苗与对照差异不显著。淹水胁迫16 d后,丝瓜幼苗不定根内有发达的通气组织,而苦瓜没有形成;淹水后丝瓜幼苗不定根幼嫩部位(距根尖20 mm处)出现具明显凯氏带且栓质化的内皮层,而苦瓜幼苗不定根在距根尖40 mm处才出现。说明淹水后丝瓜幼苗不定根内发达的通气组织以及20~40 mm处的屏障结构是丝瓜比苦瓜耐淹水的主要原因。     

甘蓝新品种豫生4号播期和密度试验

通过对豫生4号甘蓝新品种的播期和密度试验,探讨出豫生4号甘蓝在豫中南地区适宜播期为7月3日左右;最佳播种密度为50cm×45cm和50cm×50cm。     

生长调节剂对金水一号梨物候期和坐果率的影响

金水一号梨花期偏早,缺乏优良的授粉品种,坐果率低.用赤霉素(GA~3)50、100、200mg·1~(-1)和2,4-D10、20、40mg·1~(-1)进行了喷施试验,结果表明:GA_3 100、200mg·1~(-1)比对照推迟落叶13—17d、萌动期3—5d、盛花期3—4d,提高坐果率2—4倍,株产增加2.5—2.7倍,效果最好;2,4—D20mg·1~(-1)效果次之;GA_3 50mg·1~(-1)和2,4—D10mg·1~(-1)落叶期明显推迟,坐果率显著提高;其它处理与对照无异.     

PBO对金水1号梨新梢生长与座果的影响(初报)

试验于花前15d进行,分根施、喷施两种方法,以不同浓度的PBO对金水1号梨进行处理。结果表明:PBO能显著抑制金水1号梨新梢生长,提高其座果率,在几种处理中,以根施15g/株效果最好。     

淹水对不同葫芦科作物叶绿素荧光特性的影响

在温室条件下,研究了根部淹水3d及淹水恢复3d后对黄瓜、丝瓜、苦瓜、黑籽南瓜叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明,淹水对黄瓜、黑籽南瓜造成的胁迫最大,其光适应下初始荧光（F0’）、光适应下最大荧光（Fm’）、表观光合电子传递速率（ETR）、实际光化学量子产量（Yeild）、光化学猝灭系数（qP）显著降低,非光化学猝灭系数（qN）极显著升高;丝瓜表现为最耐淹水,苦瓜次之;淹水恢复3d后,黄瓜、黑籽南瓜的光系统II最大光化学效率（Fv／Fm）和其对照出现显著性差异,说明淹水对其光抑制的表现可能在恢复时才显现出来;试验中黄瓜恢复最慢,而黑籽南瓜恢复相对较快;淹水对黑籽南瓜胁迫较重可能和其处理时叶片数量较多有关。     

淹水胁迫对不同丝瓜品种根系呼吸生理和通气组织的影响

为筛选耐涝丝瓜砧木,探讨丝瓜耐涝机制,采用双因素完全随机设计研究了淹水胁迫对3个丝瓜品种根系呼吸生理和通气组织的影响。结果表明,淹水胁迫4 d,3个丝瓜品种的根系干质量均显著低于对照;淹水胁迫4～16 d,3个丝瓜品种主根根系活力均显著低于对照;淹水胁迫8～16 d,3个丝瓜品种不定根的根系活力均显著高于对照。淹水胁迫2～16 d,3个丝瓜品种主根的乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙酮酸脱羧酶(PDC)活性均显著高于对照;淹水胁迫2～16 d开始,除绿冠丝瓜与对照差异不显著外,其他2个品种主根中乙醇脱氢酶(ADH)活性均显著高于对照。3个丝瓜品种不定根中均形成了通气组织。在淹水胁迫下,早佳丝瓜根系干质量最大,达到236.7 mg,分别比荆李和绿冠高出43.98%和100.59%;最早形成不定根,通气组织最发达;不定根的根系活力最强,达到7.73 mg·g^-1·h^-1,分别比荆李和绿冠高出22.40%和64.44%;不定根的PDC活性和ADH活性应急反应最快,淹水胁迫2 d就显著高于对照,分别比荆李和绿冠早2 d和6 d。因此,3个丝瓜品种均耐淹,早佳丝...     

金水1号梨授粉品种的选配初探

选用黄花和安农 1号分别对主栽品种金水 1号进行授粉试验 ,结果表明 :金水 1号的有效授粉时期为开花后的 1～ 5天 ,安农 1号和黄花均可作为金水 1号的授粉品种 ,但以黄花最为适宜 ,其与金水 1号的花期基本相遇 ,正反交的座果率也较高。     

淹水胁迫对茄子生长和光合作用的影响

为了了解淹水条件下茄子对环境的适应性及耐淹水性,研究了不同淹水时间(1、3、5、7、9d)对茄子生长和气体交换参数的影响。结果表明:淹水时间越长,茄子地上部鲜质量和干质量降低越明显,当植株淹水处理3d后,便和对照出现显著性差异;同样,茄子净光合速率也随着淹水时间延长而降低,淹水5d后,净光合速率显著降低,气孔导度、蒸腾速率和净光合速率呈相似变化。非气孔因素是淹水茄子光合作用降低的主要原因;此外,茄子淹水3d可以较快得到恢复,而淹水5~9d虽然仍能得到一定的恢复,但难以达到对照水平。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.