桉树幼林山地不同施肥试验

本文对桉树幼林山地进行了不同肥料、不同施肥处理试验。结果表明：氮磷肥混合施用，对桉树幼林生长有较好的效果，而氮磷钾肥混合施用效果最佳，3年生桉树高达6.8 m，比对照增加了126%，胸径达6.2 cm，比对照增加138%，差异达显著水平。     

北美红杉幼林施肥效应研究

2000～2002年，在云南红河州屏边县对北美红杉幼林的施肥效应、合理施肥量及施肥配比进行了研究，结果表明：(1)施用N肥、P1对北关红杉幼林生长有显著的促进作用；施用R，R对北关红杉的生长有抑制作用；K肥肥效不明显。(2)施用N肥(44．4kg／11m^2)，树高、地径分别比对照提高22．9％，31．7％(2001年)；23．6％，22．0％(2002年)；施用P，(22．2kg／hm2)，分别提高15．1％，9．2％(2001年)；11．1％，10．7％(2002年)。(3)N，P，K配合施用效果显著，2001年用NP2K2处理，树高、地径分别比对照增加97．8％，100．3％；2002年用NP2K2处理，则增加78．5％。66．1％。     

大气污染地区火炬松幼林施肥效应*

在四川省大气污染地区的隆昌县境内，１９９０～１９９２年进行了火炬松人工幼林７种（含对照）处理的施肥试验，试验林分６ｈｍ２，观测区１．８ｈｍ２。结果表明，不同施肥处理，在树高、胸径、地径的生长量差异都极显著（α＝０．０１），６种施肥处理中，含Ｐ、Ｃａ、Ｎ元素的肥料配方效果最好，在施肥后的３ａ中，最佳处理比对照树高相对生长量增加８０％～１６６％。施肥处理减缓了火炬松幼林污染危害症状。施肥第二年５月，叶黄化率比对照减轻１３％～６０％，落叶量减少２５％～７７％。     

毛红椿和杉木混交幼林对不同施肥措施的生长响应

于2020—2021年,在福建省顺昌埔上国有林场连续2 a开展毛红椿和杉木混交幼林施肥试验,探讨不同肥料类型及施肥量等对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长量的影响。结果表明：施肥处理的林分地径、树高、当年抽高,1年生时分别比对照增加26.18%、7.25%、62.5%,2年生时分别比对照增加12.83%、19.62%、28.09%。同一施肥类型不同施肥量对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长表现的影响,总体上随着施肥用量的增加,混交幼林的地径、树高、当年抽高均呈现增加趋势。施用不同肥料类型对毛红椿和杉木混交幼林生长影响排序为混合肥>复合肥>有机肥。方差分析表明,1年生时,地径在不同重复间和不同处理间的差异均达极显著水平,在重复和处理互作效应的差异达显著水平;树高在不同重复间的差异达极显著水平,而在不同处理间的差异不显著;当年抽高在重复间和处理间的差异均达极显著水平。2年生时,地径和当年抽高在不同处理间的差异均达显著水平;树高在不同处理间的差异均达极显著水平,而在不同重复间的差异均不显著。经过2 a的施肥试验表明,毛红椿和杉木混交幼林施肥方案以混合肥且施肥量150 g·株^-1...     

施肥对乡土树种川滇桤木幼林生长特征的影响

对1a生川滇桤木幼林进行施肥试验。结果表明,施肥对川滇桤木苗木的幼林生长有显著影响。1a生幼林施肥处理下的苗高、地茎和冠幅生长量分别比对照增长13．01％、20．37％和11．52％,且差异显著;2年后肥料效应对地径影响显著,比对照增长21．13％;对苗高、冠幅的作用减弱,分别比对照增长6．97％和7．20％。1a生和2a生幼林施肥处理下,茎叶鲜重、茎叶干重、根系鲜重、根系干重的平均生长量均明显高于未施肥处理的对照,且差异显著;叶片相对含水量也高于对照,且1a生幼林茎叶的相对含水量差异显著,而2a生幼林差异不显著。2a生川滇桤木新造幼林根系从0．2～1．5cm范围内均有分布,其中0．20～0．45cm范围根系最多;0．46～0．59cm范围内次之;0．60～0．99cm和1．00～1．50cm范围内最少。     

落叶松人工中幼林施肥试验及效益分析

通过对长白落叶松人工中幼林的施肥试验得知，能提高土壤养分含量，使叶中含氮、磷成分上升，但要适量、科学施用。施肥对试验林木生长有促进作用，定性混施较施氮和对照，幼中龄林地、胸径分别提高５８％～６６％、４２％～６９％；定量施用，中、幼林胸、地径分别提高６０％～１２９％、３％～３４％，中龄林村积生长量较对照增长１倍多。经分析施磷、钾肥比对照增益１７３２～１８２１元／ｈｍ￣２。采取施肥措施可缩短培育周期。     

氮肥对闽楠人工幼林生长的影响

闽楠(Phoebe bournei)人工幼林生长缓慢是闽楠培育研究长期攻而未克的难题。闽楠人工幼林地抚育研究表明割灌除草可显著促进闽楠幼林生长,而施肥能否显著促进闽楠幼林生长却有相反的研究结果。为进一步探清施肥对闽楠人工幼林生长是否具有显著影响,本研究以广东省梅州市平远县的闽楠人工幼林为研究对象,以尿素(含N46%)作为试验氮肥,采用随机完全区组试验设计,设置0(对照)、100、200、300、400、500 g/株等6个施用量水平,每年1次,连续施用2年,对试验林的树高、地径、胸径和冠径等指标连续监测2年。研究结果表明,施肥闽楠幼林的树高、地径和冠径生长节律与未施肥闽楠幼林的生长节律相似,从当年9月至翌年的3月为生长停滞期,9月、12月和3月3个月间的树高、地径与冠径没有显著差异;3—9月为高速生长期,每3个月树高、地径和冠径就有一般显著、显著或极显著的提升。施肥闽楠幼林的树高、地径、冠径虽然比未施肥闽楠幼林略有提高,但差异不显著。由此可见氮肥施用1年或2年对闽楠幼林生长没有显著影响,其原因可能是土壤含有的养分可满足闽楠幼林的生长,也有可能是氮肥需要连续施用3年以上才能显现出显著的生长差异。     

湿地松幼林施肥五年生长反应

在江西省永丰县恩江林场贫瘠的第四纪低丘红土立地进行湿地松林施肥试验，用以检验要对Ｎ、Ｐ、肥效的反应，和不同施肥期对幼林生长的影响，施肥后五年的生长统计分析表明：Ｎ、Ｐ配合施用效果最佳；施用量为Ｎ１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２、Ｐ２Ｏ５１００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时，立木蓄积达到４２．０１ｍ＾３／ｈｍ＾２，比不施肥增加９０％；单施肥湿地松幼林的生长反应也达到极显著水平。造林施Ｐ２Ｏ５５０－２００ｋｇ／ｈｍ＾２时，立木     

广西马尾松人工林施肥效应研究

通过近十年的定位试验研究，马尾松人工林合理施肥，能显著增加胸径、树高、蓄积生长量。在本试验条件下，施肥以磷肥为主，配以氮或钾，或氮磷钾配合施肥，效果最好，在１８指数林地条件下，中龄林放肥效果优于幼林。施肥不但在生长量上有差异，施磷肥还能促进马尾松菌根菌硬皮马勃子实体的形成。中龄林施肥，优化施肥处理Ｎ１００Ｐ１２０Ｋ１３０在施肥８年后，即林龄１８年，胸径、树高、蓄积生长量分别比对照增加１２％、１１％     

闽南山地不同苗木马尾松幼林施肥效应研究

对5年生不同苗木马尾松幼林施肥试验结果表明,造林苗木以选择马尾松切根裸根苗为宜,不同施肥处理的幼林树高和胸径生长有极显著差异,以施复合肥效果最好,树高和胸径增长率为40．79％和61．19％,单施P肥效果次之,树高和胸径增长率为31．41％和43．58％,单施K肥也有明显效果,而单施N肥则效果不显著,说明我省红壤严重缺磷肥,造林施肥宜选用磷肥为主,少量施钾肥,氮肥在马尾松幼林地上可不施用,或少量施用,尽量做到合理施肥,以提高林地施肥的经济效益。     

Long-term effect of wood and peat ash on the growth of Pinus sylvestris on drained peatland

The effect of ash fertilization on height growth and volume production of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) was studied on oligotroph peatland in southeast Norway. In the year 1944, plots 15 m × 15 m size were fertilized with 0, 4, 7, and 10 tons ha^?1 of wood or peat ash. The area was treeless, but a satisfactory number of pine seedlings were present. All measurements were confined to the central inner plot, 10 m × 10 m area. Most plots were re-fertilized with 10 tons of wood ash ha^?1 in the year 1993. Wood ash had higher content of nutrients, and generally, it had greater growth enhancement effect than peat ash. When the amount of ash was increased, volume production significantly increased for the age period 38–50 years and the total production at age 50 years. The mean annual increment during the first 50 years was about 6 m³ ha^?1 for the plots applied with 10 tons of ash ha^?1. Trees on plots fertilized with 7 or 10 tons in 1944 and replenished with 10 tons ha^?1 at age 50 years (1993) had a mean annual increment of 14 m³ ha^?1 for the stand age period 51–68 years. Over time some tree roots from control plots and plots fertilized with 4 tons ha^?1 have captured nutrients from richer plots. Such effect is to a smaller extent relevant for treatment 7 tons. It is concluded that the content of mineral nutrients of wood and peat ash makes these ashes well suited as fertilizers on peatland.     

马尾松人工幼林施肥效应的研究

马尾松（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｏｎｉａｎａＬａｍｂ．）是我国南方的主要造林树种,分布很广,适应性强,耐干旱瘠薄,被誉为荒山绿化的先锋树种。长期以来,人们一直认为马尾松耐瘠薄,所以对其施肥的重视和研究不够。耐瘠薄不等于喜欢瘠薄（周运超等,１９９７）。荒山绿化...     

钾肥追施对桉树生长及效益的影响

浅海沉积物发育的砂壤土上种植桉树(Eucalyptus U_6),N60P_2O_590g／株作基肥,钾肥的多次追施结果表明：只有在造林时或当年施用钾肥才能发挥好的施肥效果。在NP作基肥的基础上添加氯化钾50g,株,一年生树高增长24.6％,当年再追施氯化钾50g／株的处理,一年生树高增长52.5％,二年生胸径的增长则分别为22.1％、42.8％；而后钾肥的追施效果不明显；这些差异一直保持到伐龄6年,但随林龄的增长差异有所减少。由于材积是树高和胸径的乘积,使处理间材积上的差异更加明显,并由此带来经济效益的明显不同。桉树对肥料的“相互作用效应”是明显的,造成以上结果的最大可能是桉树对元素的平衡需求。因此,建议桉树施肥以多元素的复合肥为主,并添加适量的微量元素,对其提供完全的营养,才能获得理想的产量,同时,应尽早进行施肥,以免错过桉树敏感期对肥料的大量需要而造成难以弥补的损失。     

整地施肥对I-69杨人工林生长效应的研究

在淮北平原宿县,通过大穴整地、施肥改良砂姜黑土、营造Ⅰ-69杨的五年试验证明,大穴整地当年效应明显(径、高增长19.8%、91.8%);头二年肥效不显;第三年起N肥、有机肥、N×有机肥交互作用效应极显著(材积增加77%),施P+K肥效应较差,N+K肥和N+P肥经济效益较高,投入/产出为1/6.22和1/3.78;材积增加60%和58%。整地加施肥综合效益明显,有效施肥占综合效益85.1%～88.8%。     

Growth response and sapwood hydraulic properties of young lodgepole pine following repeated fertilization

We examined how tree growth and hydraulic properties of branches and boles are influenced by periodic (about 6 years) and annual fertilization in two juvenile lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. var. latifolia Engelm.) stands in the interior of British Columbia, Canada. Mean basal area (BA), diameter at breast height (DBH) and height increments and percent earlywood and sapwood hydraulic parameters of branches and boles were measured 7 or 8 years after the initial treatments at Sheridan Creek and Kenneth Creek. At Sheridan Creek, fertilization significantly increased BA and DBH increments, but had no effect on height increment. At Kenneth Creek, fertilization increased BA, but fertilized trees had significantly lower height increments than control trees. Sapwood permeability was greater in lower branches of repeatedly fertilized trees than in those of control trees. Sapwood permeabilities of the lower branches of trees in the control, periodic and annual treatments were 0.24 x 10(-12), 0.35 x 10(-12) and 0.45 x 10(-12) m2 at Kenneth Creek; and 0.41 x 10(-12), 0.54 x 10(-12) and 0.65 x 10(-12) m2 at Sheridan Creek, respectively. Annual fertilization tended to increase leaf specific conductivities and Huber values of the lower branches of trees at both study sites. We conclude that, in trees fertilized annually, the higher flow capacity of lower branches may reduce the availability of water to support annual growth of the leader and upper branches.     

尖峰岭绿楠树生长过程的研究

对海南尖峰岭地区３０年生的热带乡土树种———绿楠人工林进行了样地调查,并进行了样木横剖树干解析,研究其生长规律及与环境的关系。研究结果表明：（１）绿楠是比较速生的树种,地径、胸径、树高和材积的年生长都呈多峰态曲线;（２）胸径年生长高峰值出现在第１１年,而树高年生长量高峰期晚于地径和胸径生长高峰值出现的年份;（３）在生长初期（８ａ前）,材积生长极缓慢,年生长量＜００００９ｍ３,其后开始较快增长,到第１７年出现最大值０００８６８ｍ３;（４）从平均生长量看,地径变化比较平缓;胸径在１４ａ前呈稳态上升趋势,１４ａ后呈平稳发展状态并略有下降;树高在１９ａ前基本呈稳态上升趋势,１９ａ后保持在０５０ｍ／ａ左右,并呈缓慢地下降趋势;材积一直是随着年龄的增加而增加;（５）不同坡位的水肥等条件不同,因而影响了绿楠树的生长,离水沟最近的下坡地的树高和胸径比上坡分别大３７５％和２９１％;（６）绿楠树地径、胸径和树高的连年生长变化趋势基本上与降雨蒸发比（Ｒ／Ｅ）变化趋势相一致,说明水分状况是影响绿楠生长的一个重要环境因子。     

Long-term effects of superphosphate fertilization on stem form, taper and stem volume estimation of Pinus radiata

The long term effects of superphosphate fertilization on stem form, taper and stem volume estimation of Pinus radiata on a phosphorus-deficient site was examined using data from a fertilizer experiment which had been maintained for 30 years. The application of superphosphate resulted in long term and statistically significant changes in stem form. Mean cylindrical form factor ranged from 0.33 for the control trees up to 0.40 for trees fertilized with 100 kg P ha⁻¹. Stem form was also examined through taper curves which provided detailed depiction of average relative stem profiles. The increase in cylindrical form factor of fertilized trees was largely attributed to a significantly broader profile of the lower third of the stem. In comparison with the control trees, the fertilized trees also had a broader, although not statistically significant, profile of upper and middle stem which could also contribute to the increase in their cylindrical form factor. With increased form factor a greater proportion of the stem became merchantable because of increased log length to tree height ratio. Mean average taper of trees did not show a consistent trend with increasing lelevels of superphosphate application. It largely reflected the differential response of DBH and height growth to the treatments. The volume equation based on control trees underestimated the underbark stem volume of fertilized trees by 5–12% on average. Developing separate volume equations for the fertilized trees is warranted.     

火炬松施肥当年效应初报

在福建省上杭县进行的火炬松施肥试验表明,造林时施肥当年就有明显肥效,单施磷肥高生长增加22%—38%,地径增加28%—41%;单株理想的施肥量为71g过磷酸钙,氮磷配合的肥料效果最佳,高生长增加81%,地径增加80%;火炬松造林当年不必施钾肥。     

Long term growth responses of loblolly pine to optimal nutrient and water resource availability

A factorial combination of four treatments (control (CW), optimal growing season water availability (IW), optimum nutrient availability (FW), and combined optimum water and nutrient availability (FIW)) in four replications were initiated in an 8-year-old Pinus taeda stand growing on a droughty, nutrient-poor, sandy site in Scotland County, NC and maintained for 9 years. Results for the first 4 years after treatment initiation at this study were first reported by Albaugh et al. [For. Sci. 44 (1998) 317]. The site is primarily nutrient limited and all measured stand parameters (height, basal area, leaf area index, live crown length, stem mass accumulation, current annual stem mass increment) were increased with fertilization throughout the study period. Irrigation effects were also positive for these parameters but the increases were much smaller than those found with fertilization. For example, 9 years after treatment initiation, standing stem mass was increased 100 and 25% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively, while current annual increment of stem biomass production was increased 119 and 23% by fertilization and irrigation, respectively. Interestingly, stem density (stems ha⁻¹) was not significantly affected by treatment in any year of the study. Growth efficiency (stem mass increment per unit leaf area index) was 1.9 Mg ha⁻¹ per year per LAI for CW and influenced by treatment with IW, FW, and FIW achieving growth efficiencies of 2.4, 2.7 and 2.9 Mg ha⁻¹ per year per LAI, respectively. Growth efficiency appeared to be relatively stable in the last 4 years of the study. Ring specific gravity was measured in the third, fourth, and fifth years after treatment initiation. An average reduction in ring specific gravity of 7.5% was observed with fertilization while irrigation had little effect on specific gravity in any year measured. The continuation of high growth rates with no observable growth decline in the treated stands throughout the 9-year study may be a function of the age of the stands when treatments were initiated (8 years), the very poor initial nutrient and moisture availability, and/or the application of an ongoing optimum nutrient regime at the site. The fertilized plots are now at or near an age and a size when a commercial harvest would be feasible. For the stand conditions at this site, then, the optimum nutrient availability plots have achieved high productivity throughout the economic life of the stand without measurable declines in stand productivity.