Radiation exposure of the pet owner during standardised X-ray diagnostic examinations of dogs and cats

In Germany pet owners are present during X-ray examinations of dogs and cats. Due to a change in the German X-ray Ordinance and the directive "Radiation Protection in Veterinary Medicine" it is necessary to determine the body dose of the pet owners.This study in the Clinic for Small Animals includes at least ten measurements for each of thirteen X-ray examinations of a dog and four of a cat. The equivalent doses of eye lens, thyroid, chest, hands, gonads, and lower leg were measured using TLD (LiF:Mg,Cu,P).The maximum value of 52 microSv was measured on the right hand.The 99 % -quantiles amount to 13 microSv for eye lens, 9 microSv for thyroid, 2.3 microSv for chest (under lead apron), 14 microSv for both hands, 2.1 microSv for gonads (under lead apron), and 2.0 microSv for lower leg. In every case the median and mean values at the seven measuring positions are lower than 2.5 microSv per radiograph. In view of the constant measured equivalent doses under the lead apron of less than 5 microSv for the trunk and gonads per X-ray examination the measurement of the personal dose of the pet owner during every X-ray examination of small animals is not justified. Alternatively, with reference to up-to-date measurements and the presented paper a certificate of exemption from the dose determination for pet owners could be applied for from the local authority.     

A review of cancer chemotherapy for pet animals

A review of the principles of cancer chemotherapy for pet animals is presented. The various pharmacological classes of antineoplastic drugs are described with specific references to those drugs that have been widely used in veterinary medicine.     

宠物鸟的营养需要

在野外,鸟类采食几种有限的食物以满足飞行、生长和繁殖的需要,鸟的这些食物已经过了几千年的进化选择。但由于许多野生植物含有拮抗因子或缺乏许多必须营养素,且野生鸟的采食范围大和采食量较大,所以不能供给家养鸟与野生鸟类同样的日粮。笼养鸟生活在不同的环境条件下,需要饲喂不同的饲粮以满足它们的需要。 目前有一种错误的观念产生,许多鸟类饲养者认为成分复杂、昂贵、深加工生产的饲粮最有营养。但事实上一些易制的、经济的饲粮也可能     

家养玩犬需要的训练

歌德曾经说过一句话:"一头训练有素的犬可以体现出主人的智慧."受过训练的犬,它知道保持室内的清洁,在家里守规矩,出外可以在主人身边随行,在自行车旁跟着跑,从不侵扰别人,甚至还可以承起保护主人和主人财产的责任.     

世界宠物食品企业排名及全球宠物食品市场现状

1世界排名前40名宠物食品企业垄断是世界宠物食品生产的特点之一。根据“欧洲透视”(全球消费市场调查研究权威机构)的调查,2003年,世界排名前5位的宠物食品生产企业其市场份额占全球的65.1%,同比增加0.4%;销售额占全球的65.3%,同比增加0.42%。2003年全球宠物食品销售额为35亿美元,同比增加10.78%(表1)。表1世界排名前40名宠物食品企业的市场份额和销售额公司市场占有率/%零售额/百万美元玛氏雀巢宝洁高露洁D el M onte Foods C o.N utro Products Inc.A grolim en SAM eow M ix C O.U ni-Charm C orp.N isshin Flour M illing C o…