Inhibition of capsular protein synthesis of Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059

A mutant strain, PBA322, was constructed by electroporation of a phagemid containing the coding region of antisense RNA of the ompH gene, encoding 39 kDa capsular protein or OmpH, into the parental strain P-1059 (serovar A:3) of Pasteurella multocida, and the pathogenicity was determined in mice and chickens. Grayish colonies of the mutant, indicating loss of capsule synthesis, were observed under a stereomicroscope using obliquely transmitted light, while iridescent colonies were observed for the parental strain. Moreover, strain PBA322 showed a low amount of OmpH compared with the parental strain on SDS-PAGE. Additionally, the capsule of strain PBA322 was thinner than that of the parental strain according to electron microscopy, correlating to the attenuation against chickens. In conclusion, strain PBA322, the mutant of P. multocida strain P-1059, was completely attenuated for chickens.     

Monoclonal antibodies against surface antigens of Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059

Four monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) were developed against serotype 3:A, P-1059 strain of Pasteurella multocida. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to screen those hybridomas producing antibodies to either a surface protective (2.5 S) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) antigen. MAbs 6EE11, D7H10, E11E3, and C11H2 were positive against 2.5 S antigen, and two of them, E11E3 and C11H2, were positive for the LPS antigen. MAbs 6EE11 and D7H10 reacted with a major protein band of molecular weight of 35,500, whereas E11E3 and C11H2 recognized a band with a molecular weight of 12,500 of the 2.5 S antigen. Treatment of the 2.5 S antigen with periodic acid abolished epitopes reacting with E11E3 but not with 6EE11. MAb 6EE11 did not recognize any band in Western blot after proteinase K treatment of the 2.5 S antigen, whereas antibody activity of E11E3 did not change. MAb 6EE11 reacted with serotypes 3, 4, 9, 10, 11, 12, and with M-9 strains in the immunofluorescence test. MAb E11E3 was positive only with serotype 3 or 10 strains, excluding M-9 strain. Electron microscopic studies with P-1059 strain indicated that antigens binding to 6EE11 and/or E11E3 were present in the capsule.     

Immunochemical relationship of three antigens purified from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059

Three antigens were prepared from a type-3 avian strain of Pasteurella multocida, and their chemical and immunologic characteristics were studied. An antigen, designated 2.5S, was extracted with 2.5% NaCl solution and purified by chromatography. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was extracted with phenol-water, and a third antigen, designated FS, was extracted in 0.3% formalin solution containing 0.85% NaCl and purified by differential centrifugation. The 2.5S and the FS antigens consisted of 40% protein and 15% carbohydrate, whereas LPS did not contain a substantial amount of protein. A major protein component with a molecular weight of 44,000 was detected in the 2.5S antigen, as well as in the FS antigen. Of the 3 antigens, LPS had the highest activity in mouse lethality and Limulus lysate tests. Antigenic cross-reactions among the 3 antigens were demonstrated by immunodiffusion tests. The 2.5S antigen was indistinguishable from the FS antigen, as both antigens contained the LPS component of approximately 45%. Treatments with various reagents indicated that the 2.5S and FS antigens contained at least 2 antigenic determinants. The first was a heat-stable protein sensitive to protease or phenol-water, and the second was a periodate-sensitive carbohydrate, which was a major antigenic determinant on the LPS antigen.     

Evaluation of relationship among three purified antigens from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059 and of their protective capacities in turkeys

Three antigens were prepared from Pasteurella multocida strain P-1059, and their immunogenicity and antigenic relationships were investigated. The 3 antigens were a soluble antigen purified from a 2.5% NaCl extract (2.5S), a similar antigen purified from an extract in 0.3% formalin solution containing 0.85% NaCl (FS), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The antigens were treated with various chemicals and enzymes to study their antigenic and immunogenic determinants. Antigenic analyses with ELISA inhibition tests indicated that 2.5S and FS were similar LPS-protein complex antigens. The 2.5S and FS antigens induced protective immunity in turkeys with high antibody titers against LPS antigen. Although LPS was a component of 2.5S and FS, LPS itself was poorly immunogenic in turkeys. The antigenicity of protein compounds in 2.5S was deteriorated by protease treatment, which, however, did not significantly diminish the protective immunogenicity. Treatment of 2.5S with sodium periodate, altering its carbohydrate moieties, decreased its immunogenicity. The immunogenicity of 2.5S also was abolished by phenol-water treatment, owing to dissociation of the LPS-protein complex. These findings suggest that a certain form of LPS-protein complex is essential for the induction of immunity against the P multocida infection in turkeys.     

Characteristics of a haemolytic extract from avian Pasteurella multocida

In experimental fowl cholera, the intramuscular inoculation of Pasteurella multocida induces tissue damage that implies proteolytic or cytolytic activity of the bacteria. Such activity could not be demonstrated by conventional in vitro tests. The treatment of P. multocida strain VP21 with Tween-80 yielded an extract that lysed washed chicken red cells. Extracts were active to a maximum titre of 64. Haemolytic activity of the extract was neither affected by boiling nor by extremes of pH, indicating the active component was not a simple protein. Treatment with trypsin had no effect, but it was inactivated by Proteinase K. Yields were highest from bacteria grown in dextrose starch- or casein sucrose-yeast broths; were similar if cultured in air or anaerobically, but were reduced if the bacteria were grown in 5% CO(2). Haemolytic activity was eliminated on exposure to serum or serum albumen. The extract from strain VP21 haemolysed red cells from the chicken, rabbit, sheep, horse, bovine and human, with the highest titres observed on chicken cells. Six other avian strains and seven out of 10 strains of P. multocida from other species yielded an extract which haemolysed chicken red cells. The elaboration of this cytotoxic substance in vivo and its role in pathogenesis remains to be determined.     

东营市肉羊业发展现状与对策

改革开放以来,随着农业生产结构的战略调整和农村经济的全面发展,肉羊业已成为发展农村经济的一个重要支柱产业。特别是近十多年     

Survival of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in chicken serum

The ability of bacteria to survive in serum is considered a likely virulence determinant in diseases where the infective bacteria become septicaemic. Optimal conditions were established to test the survival of Pasteurella multocida in chicken serum. Serum was used at 90%, the inoculum was 10(3)-10(4)cfu in phosphate buffered saline pH 7.4. Survival was measured after incubation for 2-4 h; if survival was <50% the strain was considered serum susceptible. Susceptible strains were either killed or their growth was inhibited. Some resistant strains not only survived but grew rapidly in unheated serum. Thirty-five strains, all originally isolated from clinical fowl cholera, were tested; eight were susceptible, of which three were killed and five inhibited, and the remainder (27) were resistant. Ten serum-resistant P. multocida serogroup A strains were grown in hyaluronidase to remove the capsule and survival in chicken serum was re-tested. Three strains became susceptible, while seven strains remained resistant. Three serum susceptible strains were then tested in the presence of cytidine monophosphate-N-acetylneuraminic acid (CMP-NANA). This substance is present in the human serum, and is known to mask the effect of complement on Neisseria gonorrhoeae rendering susceptible strains resistant. Two of the three serum susceptible strains became resistant in the presence of CMP-NANA. Serum susceptibility/resistance was more complex than that of Escherichia coli, and the role of resistance to avian complement in the pathogenesis of fowl cholera remains to be determined.     

猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌ompH基因的克隆、表达

利用已分离的菌株030224HB，根据NCBI上的序列(U52208)设计了一对引物，用PCR方法扩增了猪源多杀性巴氏杆菌的外膜蛋白基因(ompH)，扩增的片段大小为1114bp(ORF为960bp)，并克隆到载体pMD18-T(T-Vector)，测序表明该基因相当保守。用pET-28b构建了原核表达载体pET28b-ompH，转化BL21并诱导表达，SDS-PAGE结果显示表达蛋白约为35ku，与报道大小相近。Western-blot结果表明表达的蛋白质具有生物学活性，然后用所表达的蛋白做了ELISA检测方法的初步探讨。     

Identification of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida in India by conventional and PCR assays

The prevalence of capsular and somatic serotypes were studied among 123 Pasteurella multocida strains isolated from chickens (n = 94), ducks (22), quails (4), turkeys (2) and geese (1) from different geographical regions of India. All strains exhibited similar cultural and morphological characteristics. Ninety-two of the isolates belonged to serotype A:1, the most prevalent serotype, with serotypes A:3, A:1,3, D:3 and F:3 having two isolates each. Only one isolate was positive for serotypes A:4 and D:1. Twenty isolates were untyped. A multiplex capsular PCR assay generated amplicons of sizes 460, 1044, 657 and 854 bp in 106 isolates identified as capsular serotype-A, 15 in serotype D and two in serotype F. Capsular types B and E were not detected in any of the avian isolates studied. The present findings suggest that a multiplex capsular PCR assay may be suitable for the rapid initial identification serotypes P. multocida during epidemiological studies of fowl cholera.     

禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因壳聚糖纳米DNA疫苗的制备与检测

为制备禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因壳聚糖纳米DNA疫苗,PCR扩增获得ptfa基因片段,克隆于真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中构建重组质粒,以复凝聚法制备ptfa基因的壳聚糖纳米DNA疫苗。通过凝胶阻滞试验确定壳聚糖与DNA分子完全结合时的N/P比值;测定纳米DNA疫苗的包封率;透射电镜观察纳米DNA疫苗的形态;同时检测其抗DNA酶降解的能力及稳定性。结果成功构建禽多杀性巴氏杆菌ptfa基因的裸DNA疫苗并制备出纳米DNA疫苗,该纳米DNA疫苗的N/P比值为2.5,包封率为95.3%,经电镜观察显示其形态大多呈规则的球状,粒径为200nm左右,且具有较好的稳定性,可有效抵抗DNA酶Ⅰ的降解。从而为进一步研究其免疫保护效果奠定了一定的基础。     

Molecular characterisation of avian Pasteurella multocida isolates from Australia and Vietnam by REP-PCR and PFGE

A total of 95 isolates of Pasteurella multocida were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) using the enzyme ApaI, including 73 avian isolates from Australia and 22 from Vietnam. The majority of field isolates were capsular Type A, with the predominant somatic serovars of 1, 3, 4 and 3,4. Twenty-one distinct profiles were evident among the Australian isolates, with only 3 profiles observed among the 22 P. multocida strains isolated from Vietnam. Within the Australian isolates, related and unrelated outbreaks could be identified by PFGE. These results correlated well with previously published studies, with greater discrimination shown by PFGE. Repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence PCR (REP-PCR) analysis of representative isolates from PFGE classifications yielded 21 profiles, with most of the subgroups in accordance with PFGE analysis. While REP-PCR was shown to be less discriminating than PFGE, the epidemiological relatedness of strains compared favourably between the techniques. Thus, the ease and rapidity of REP-PCR while maintaining a high level of differentiation, supports the use of REP-PCR as a competent alternative to the more labour-intensive PFGE system for strain identification and epidemiological studies of avian P. multocida.     

Characterization of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida by restriction endonuclease and amplified fragment length polymorphism

Avian strains of Pasteurella multocida were typed by employing restriction endonuclease analysis (REA) and single enzyme-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to evaluate their applicability for epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks. A total of 72 strains isolated from different avian species (chicken, duck, turkey, quail and goose) belonging to various geographical regions of India were characterized. REA using two different enzymes HhaI and HpaII produced 9 and 18 clusters respectively, whereas Single enzyme-AFLP recognized 32 patterns out of 72 strains typed. The study indicated that REA using HpaII is a simple and resource efficient method, however, further typing with more stringent and rapid method like Single enzyme-AFLP, could drastically enhance investigation in epidemiological studies of fowl cholera outbreaks.     

Modulation of cross-protection factor(s) of avian Pasteurella multocida

Cross-protection factor(s) (CPF) of Pasteurella multocida were maintained in vitro through at least 9 serial passages. Different growth media and temperatures enhanced or repressed the ability of P. multocida to produce CPF. Certain amino acids were innoculous to expression of CPF. B-vitamins enhanced CPF, whereas certain inorganic salts repressed CPF. The plasma of normal tuekeys contained a compound or compounds that were responsible for expression and maintenance of CPF.     

白颊长臂猿荚膜F群巴氏杆菌的分离鉴定

为鉴定死亡白颊长臂猿肝脏中分离的细菌,本试验采用16SrRNA比对的方法对该细菌菌种的鉴定。荚膜群的鉴定方法采用PCR法,药敏试验采用纸片法,毒力试验采用皮下注射小鼠和SD大鼠的方法。结果显示:细菌为荚膜F群多杀性巴氏杆菌,敏感的药物有多黏菌素B、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、氟哌酸、复方新诺明、环丙沙星、甲砜霉素、利福平、强力霉素、头孢唑啉、氧氟沙星、壮观霉素、左氧氟沙星和四环素等。该菌能致死小鼠和SD大鼠。结果表明:从死亡白颊长臂猿肝脏中分离到的细菌是有毒力的荚膜F群多杀性巴氏杆菌。     

Virulence of avian capsular serogroup B Pasteurella multocida for turkey poults

Two strains of capsular serogroup B Pasteurella multocida isolated from avian hosts (swan and turkey) were evaluated for virulence based on lethality for turkey poults. Groups of poults were exposed intramuscularly to various concentrations of organisms of each strain. Both strains were virulent. The strain isolated from a turkey was highly virulent: all exposed poults died in less than 24 hours, including those exposed to only 79 organisms. This highly virulent strain was neither highly invasive nor highly infective: intrapharyngeal exposure with 7.9 x 10(6) organisms resulted in death of only one of five poults, and attempts to isolate the organism from pharyngeal mucosae and livers of surviving poults were unsuccessful. The high degree of virulence of a B capsular group strain isolated from a turkey indicates a disease-producing potential for members of this uncommon serogroup of P. multocida.     

多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因的原核表达及生物信息学分析

本试验旨在探究羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因的原核表达及其生物信息学特征。以羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌HN-01株基因组为模板,设计特异性引物扩增OmpA基因;构建pET-28a （+）-OmpA重组质粒后转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）感受态细胞,将鉴定正确的重组菌经IPTG诱导表达;通过SDS-PAGE及Western blotting分析表达蛋白的特征,并运用生物信息学工具对OmpA基因序列进行分析。结果显示,羊源多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因大小约为1 044 bp,该基因序列与HN-06株的同源性达89.72%。通过诱导后发现,pET-28a （+）-OmpA重组菌最佳诱导条件为1 mmol/L IPTG 37℃诱导6 h,表达的重组蛋白大小约为40 ku,以包涵体的形式存在。Western blotting结果显示,约40 ku的重组蛋白携带His标签。经生物信息学分析,OmpA分子式为C₁₆₈₄H₂₆₁₉N₄₅₇O₅₀₅S₃,属碱性疏水蛋白,其多肽链的1-21位氨基酸为信号肽区域,并具有多种结构。综上所述,OmpA可能具有特殊结构,与众多外膜蛋白结构特点相似。本研究构建了多杀性巴氏杆菌OmpA基因原核表达系统,优化诱导条件后能稳定获得OmpA重组蛋白,为进一步探究巴氏杆菌的致病机理提供理论依据。     

Serum resistance is correlated with encapsulation of avian strains of Pasteurella multocida

Encapsulated avian strains of Pasteurella multocida possessing an A-type capsule were shown to be resistant to the bactericidal action of turkey serum, whereas unencapsulated variants as well as other unencapsulated strains were not. Removal of the capsule from serum-resistant strain P1059-1 resulted in this strain becoming susceptible to the bactericidal effects of turkey serum. Since complement was consumed when encapsulated or unencapsulated strain P1059-1 was incubated in turkey serum, we conclude that the capsule acts to shield the outer membrane rather than prohibiting the generation of an effective membrane attack complex.     

A survey of potential virulence markers from avian strains of Pasteurella multocida

Twenty-four isolates of Pasteurella multocida from clinical cases of fowl cholera and the Clemson University vaccine strain were surveyed for the presence of potential virulence markers. Membrane proteins, enzymatic activity of the membrane proteins, and carbohydrate fermentation patterns were also determined to demonstrate phenotypic relationships within the groups. Few differences were found in these phenotypic characteristics among the isolates. Almost all the organisms produced siderophore and were hemolytic on turkey red blood cells. No extracellular enzyme or bacteriocin activity was detected and little antibiotic resistance was found. However, many organisms contained plasmids and demonstrated some degree of resistance to complement. Both characteristics were correlative markers in Pasteurella multocida isolated from birds with fowl cholera.