规模化养殖场蓝狐犬瘟热发病规律的研究

为了解黑龙江西部地区规模化养殖场蓝狐犬瘟热发生特点与流行情况,对来自蓝狐养殖场的847份疑似犬瘟热病例进行流行病学调查、病理剖检和实验室检测,共计检出和确诊犬瘟热病毒阳性病例324例,对犬瘟热发病月龄和发病月份进行了统计分析,并总结了本地区蓝狐犬瘟热发病特点和规律。     

狐犬瘟热的防治（X）

狐犬瘟热，是由犬瘟热病毒引起的犬科高度接触性传染病。除犬、狐、貉患该病以外，多种肉食性毛皮动物几乎都可感染。其主要特点为发热，眼结膜炎、鼻炎及消化道炎症，幼龄动物易感染。狐犬瘟热严重危害毛皮动物饲养业，被称为毛皮动物三大疫病之一，具有较高的发病率和死亡率。     

毛皮动物犬瘟热免疫失败原因探讨

近年来犬瘟热一直不断的流行,主要发生在3月龄或1岁以内的幼狐,现在甚至十几日龄哺乳仔狐和成年狐也发生犬瘟热,死亡率可达40%～60%。     

蓝狐犬瘟热的诊治

通过对180只犬瘟热病狐的综合诊断和防治,对毛皮动物犬瘟热的流行病学、临床症状、病理剖检变化和综合防治进行总结,旨在更好地预防毛皮动物犬瘟热的发生。     

狐貉犬瘟热病的诊断与防治

东北毛皮动物常见的传染病是狐貉犬瘟热,它主要由犬瘟热病毒引起的急性、热性传染病,在毛皮动物各养殖地均有发生,动物品种已经涉及当地养殖的狐狸、水貂、貉等,严重危害毛皮动物养殖业的发展,做好狐貉犬瘟热的诊断与防治工作是保证养殖业的发展壮大的关键。     

狐貉犬瘟热治疗中复合疗法的应用

犬瘟热是狐、貉的多发病,病死率较高,临床上多以免疫预防为主,近年来由于犬瘟热病毒不同型别的频繁出现,使得疫苗的保护率受到挑战,如何降低养殖户的损失,给该病的治疗提出了新的课题。2007年黑龙江省某600只规模狐貉个体饲养场爆发了犬瘟热,死亡230余只,多方求治仍不能有效控制,后转到我处,我们应用复合疗法积极调整、治疗,使已发病狐貉多数得以救治。1免疫情况该饲养场饲养狐、貉已10年,每年均使用某单位联苗对犬瘟热进行预防,未曾有犬瘟热大规模爆发记录,2007年依然按常规进行了免疫预防。同村其他饲养户未发生该类疾病,该场饲料、笼舍等…     

狐犬瘟热的防治

狐犬瘟热是由犬瘟热病毒引起的犬科高度接触性传染病,被称为毛皮动物三大疫病之一,具有较高的发病率和死亡率。     

导致犬瘟热疫苗接种失败的原因及预防措施

<正> 犬瘟热是犬、狐、貉等犬科动物,水貂、紫貂等部分鼬科动物,以及其它食肉毛皮动物的一种烈性、接触性传染病.近几年来,某些军(警)犬养殖基地和狐、貉、貂、养殖场、户在接种犬瘟热疫苗后,仍然爆发犬瘟热.这种情况虽较少见,但死亡率很高,经济损失相当严重.有鉴于此,作者根据国内外情况,就可能导致犬瘟热预防接种失败的有关因素进行论述.     

犬瘟热油乳剂组织灭活疫苗的研制和应用

犬瘟热(CD)是由犬瘟热病毒(CDV)引起的一种急性或亚急性、发热性传染病。犬科(犬、狐、貂等)、鼬科(水貂、雪貂、黄鼬等)的全部动物及浣熊科中的部分动物易感。犬瘟热常引起大批犬、貂、狐等动物发病、死亡,病死率90％以上。     

近期狐、貉、水貂犬瘟热病的综合诊治

<正>随着国内外市场对裘皮需求的增长,国内狐、貉、水貂等毛坡动物的养殖量发展迅速,同时,毛皮动物疫病的防控问题日益凸显。犬瘟热则是制约毛皮动物业发展的重大传染病之一。近来,笔者连续接到几例狐、貉、水貂犬瘟热病的病例,通过诊治并提出具体控制措施,为更好的预防毛皮动物犬瘟热的发生,提高养殖效率提供理论依据和参考。     

犬瘟热的诊断

犬瘟热是危害犬、狐、貂最严重的烈性传染病之一。作者对某试验动物犬饲养厂的病死犬进行临床症状观察,病理剖检及实验室诊断,通过病毒的分离培养及间接免疫荧光鉴定,确诊为犬瘟热病毒感染。鉴于该病的危害程度,建议加强对犬瘟热病的诊断及监控。     

Internal hydrocephalus and associated periventricular encephalitis in a young fox

Marked lateral ventricular enlargement associated with atrophic cerebral cortex and periventricular encephalitis is described in a 2-month-old fox affected by disorientation, generalized ataxia, difficulty in walking, circling, and blindness. Clinical conditions progressed to stupor and spontaneous death within a few days. At necropsy, severe inflammatory and necrotizing lesions were observed in periventricular sites associated with diverticula and cleft formation in perithalamic areas and rhinencephalic cortex. Immunolabeling for Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora caninum, Encephalitozoon cuniculi, canine distemper virus, and rabies virus was negative. Given the presence of periventricular and choroidal neutrophilic/mononuclear cell infiltration, it is thought that a bacterial infection may have been the cause of the inflammatory lesions, with internal hydrocephalus secondary to the severe periventricular lesions. A similar condition has been previously reported in the pathogenesis of spontaneously occurring acquired canine hydrocephalus, but no viral or bacterial causes have been investigated to date.     

水貂和狐犬瘟热病毒F基因的克隆与序列分析

为探寻免疫失败的原因,对山东某养殖场免疫后的发病水貂和狐犬瘟热组织病料分别提取RNA进行RT-PCR扩增。将PCR得到的部分F基因克隆到pMD18-T载体上测序,并与疫苗株ND进行序列分析。结果表明,水貂和狐的CDV与OND的核苷酸同源性为98.6%9、8.6%,氨基酸同源性为98.0%9、8.0%。水貂和狐两者核苷酸同源性为98.0%,氨基酸同源性为95.9%。     

犬瘟热弱毒株CDV3生物学特性鉴定

以SPF鸡胚成纤维细胞 (CEF)从国外引进的疫苗中分离到犬瘟热弱毒株CDV3 。对犬瘟热弱毒株CDV3 的理化特性 ,细胞病变规律 ,病毒毒价 ,核酸型、血清学交叉反应 ,试验动物的安全性及免疫原性等内容进行了试验 ,结果表明 ,犬瘟热弱毒株CDV3 可作为狐犬瘟热疫苗生产用毒种。     

Distemper vaccination of farmed fur animals in Finland

The most important farmed fur animal species in Finland are the American mink (Mustela vison), blue fox (Alopex lagopus), silver fox (Vulpes vulpes) and raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides); all are susceptible to canine distemper. The only distemper vaccines currently available are for mink, although they also have been used for fox and raccoon dogs in emergency situations. The efficacy in eliciting neutralizing antibodies and the safety of three mink-distemper vaccines were studied under field conditions with mink and silver fox. Two of the vaccines were also studied with raccoon dogs and blue fox. All three vaccines elicited a satisfactory antibody response in mink, whereas the response varied in the other species. No side effects were observed in any species tested. One of the vaccines was safe and immunogenic in all four species.     

Immunoperoxidase study of canine distemper virus pneumonia

Forty-two cases of canine pneumonia were examined for the presence of canine distemper virus. For that purpose canine distemper virus inclusion bodies were located. The histopathological lesions were related to the presence of canine distemper antigen, as demonstrated with an immunoperoxidase technique. This technique was more sensitive for detecting canine distemper infection in lung tissue than was the study of inclusion bodies. Attention was also paid to combined infection with canine adenovirus and Bordetella bronchiseptica.     

犬瘟热流行病学调查与防制措施

为了掌握菏泽地区犬瘟热流行病学情况,采用临床症状观察与实验室诊断相结合的方法对菏泽市3家动物医院共2716份病例进行检测。结果表明,检出犬瘟热阳性病例754份,总感染率为27.8%。犬瘟热感染存在品种、年龄、季节、性别和免疫状况的差异。其中,纯种犬发病率最高,为51.6%,土种犬发病率最低,为18.3%;3~12月龄的犬感染犬瘟热的比率最高,为65.1%,而3月龄以下的犬感染率最低,仅为2.5%;4~6月份是该病的高发期,从未接种过犬瘟热疫苗的犬发病率较高,而严格按照免疫程序接种疫苗的犬发病率较低。犬瘟热传播速度快、传染性强,因此做好犬瘟热病的免疫、隔离和消毒工作尤为重要。     

An unusual presentation of canine distemper virus infection in a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo)

A 4.5-year-old, male castrated ferret was examined with a 27-day history of severe pruritus, generalized erythema and scaling. Skin scrapings and a trichogram were negative for mites and dermatophyte organisms. A fungal culture of hair samples was negative. The ferret was treated presumptively for scabies and secondary bacterial and yeast infection with selamectin, enrofloxacin, fluconazole, diphenhydramine and a miconazole–chlorhexidine shampoo. The ferret showed mild improvement in clinical signs over the subsequent 3 weeks, but was inappetent and required supportive feeding and subcutaneous fluids by the owner. The ferret was then examined on an emergency basis at the end of 3 weeks (53 days following initial signs of illness) for severe blood loss from a haematoma over the interscapular region, hypotension and shock. The owners elected euthanasia due to a poor prognosis and deteriorating condition. On post-mortem examination intraepithelial canine distemper viral inclusions were identified systemically, and abundant canine distemper virus antigen was identified with immunohistochemical staining. It is important to note the prolonged course of disease along with the absence of respiratory and neurological signs because this differs from the classic presentation of canine distemper virus infection in ferrets. Canine distemper virus should remain a clinical suspicion for ferrets with skin lesions that do not respond to appropriate therapy, even in animals that were previously vaccinated.     

Absence of rabies encephalitis in a raccoon with concurrent rabies and canine distemper infections

Concurrent infection of a raccoon by rabies and canine distemper viruses is described. Fluorescent antibody (FA) test demonstrated rabies antigen in the brain of this animal, however, histologically only lesions characteristic of canine distemper infection were seen. We recommend testing tissues for rabies of animals that histologically are positive for canine distemper.     

犬瘟热病毒感染机制及其诊断方法研究进展

本综述介绍了犬瘟热病毒的6种结构蛋白N、P、L、F、H和M蛋白在病毒入侵宿主和宿主细胞内繁殖的功能;简要描述了犬瘟热病毒入侵动物机体感染传播的机制,其中细胞受体SLAM和PVRL4解释病毒的趋向性;介绍了临床诊断、试验动物法、血清学方法和核酸诊断等鉴别诊断犬瘟热的方法及其优缺点.通过系统了解犬瘟热病毒的感染途径及其诊断方法,有助于发现控制犬瘟热病毒传播的新方法.