山东高青 “三伏天”安全监管不降温

##正##进入夏季以来,山东省高青县农机局从四个方面入手,进一步加大农机安全生产监管力度,确保盛夏时节农机作业安全。一是加大宣传。针对高温酷暑季节,农机作业人员易疲劳中暑,农机作业易发生故障的特点,积极组织农机监理人员利用宣传栏、安全挂图、明白纸和媒体网站等都中形式,广泛宣传农机法律法规和农机安全生产常识,提醒农机作业人员在高温酷暑生产条件下的认真做好安全防范工作。并积极组织机手观看高温时期农机事故警示教     

四川平昌 强化高温天气农机安全管理

<正>近日来,四川省平昌县持续高温,高达37、8度。针对拖拉机在高温天气下运行,驾驶员容易疲劳驾驶、违规搭人、机械部件容易发生故障或失灵等因素,引发农机安全事故;加工作业场所易发生火灾事故等情况,县农机监理站强化措施加大农机安全管理力度。一是重敲农机安全警钟。7月23日,县监理站向各乡镇农业务站下发了《关于加强高温天气和大春收割农机安全管理的紧急通知》。     

初春使用农机注意事项

随着春耕生产的来临,各种农业机械开始投入生产作业。由于天气和机械本身具有的特性,这个季节在使用上一旦出现不当,农机最易出现故障。为了减少使用故障,提高作业效率,保证安全生产,除按规定操作农机外,还要注意以下几个方面的问题,做到了这些,就能保证春季农机使用中不会染“病”。     

农机田间作业安全操作技巧与维护保养注意事项

正农机田间作业是把高科技、高效率的农机具运用在农业劳动生产过程中。掌握农机田间作业安全操作技巧和维护保养知识,能有效确保农机安全作业,提高农机具的使用效率和农业生产效率。笔者长期监理农机具和熟知农机技术,对农机田间作业的安全操作技巧与维护保养有一定的了解,并亲临农机安全教育培训和农机事故处理的现场。研究发现,农机隐患和事故大多数与操作者关系密切,因此笔者提出以下几点农机田间作业安全操作技巧与维护保养注意事项。     

淮安市清浦区强化高温天气农机安全生产工作

针对今年连续高温天气,江苏省淮安市清浦区农机局结合农机安全生产大检查活动,通过"平安农机通"等多种形式向农机合作社和农机手宣传高温天气农机安全生产和防暑降温知识,要求农机手避免午后高温时段驾机外出和作业,加强对农机具油路、电器线路和轮胎气压的检查,防止突发火灾和爆胎事故。同时,工作人员加大执法检查力度,严禁拖拉机和联合收割机无牌行驶、无证驾驶、酒后驾驶、疲劳驾     

提高农机年度检验率的建议

拖拉机、联合收割机等农业机械是从事农业生产的重要工具，社会拥有量大，构造原理复杂，经营、生产分散，工作环境干变万化，田间作业牵引力和速度变化大，部件易磨损，机件易失灵，车况易变差，安全设施易损落，事故隐患多。因此，农机监理部门依法督促、帮助农机所有者、驾驶操作人员在农闲时间维修保养农业机械，使其在安全技术状态良好的状况下运行作业是一项重要的安全监管措施，按照有关标准认真搞好农机年检工作，对于提高拖拉机、联合收割机等农业机械的安全可靠性能、节能环保性能、     

吉林省下发紧急通知要求抓好农机安全生产工作

正当前吉林省农作物进入田间管理阶段,农业机械投入量大、使用频率高、转移距离长,加之高温炎热,天气多变,容易出现农机手疲劳操作、违规作业和机械带病投入使用等情况,导致农机安全隐患增多。6月24日,吉林省农业农村厅下发《关于切实抓好农机安全生产工作的通知》,要求各地切实把安全生产摆在重要位置,     

使用农业机械的注意事项

为了减少农机使用故障，保证农机具技术状态良好，保证作业安全，提高农机作业效率和农机经营效益，使用农业机械时应注意以下事项。     

论如何抓好农机安全监管工作

农机的投入和使用极大地提高了农业生产效率和质量,农业机械化是现代农业的发展趋势。而农机的使用,受农机使用者素质、水平、农机数量、作业环境以及监管部门安全宣传、监管力度等因素的影响,存在着安全隐患和农机事故。故必须对农机安全加强监管,提高农机的使用安全性,通过分析农机使用的安全影响因素来制定切实有效的解决策略。     

农机作业质量标准化建设不容忽视

正通过多年农机购置补贴项目的实施,目前我国农机装备结构得到大的改善,农机化水平不断提高,农机专业合作组织不断发展壮大,农机从业人员和农机作业经营收入逐年增加。但值得注意的是,农机作业质量标准建设相对滞后,农机作业质量问题时有发生。而农机作业质量的优劣,直接影响农业增产增收、生产安全和农民使用农业机械的积极     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。