有机农业种植技术体系下农业生产技术应用及发展策略

有机农业种植技术体系是有机农业的重要组成部分,是实现有机农业可持续发展的基础。基于此,笔者从有机农业的角度出发,探讨了有机农业种植技术体系下农业生产技术应用及发展策略。首先,阐述了有机农业的概念、原则和历史发展;其次,详细介绍了有机农业种植技术体系下的农业生产技术应用,包括有机肥料、有机农药、有机种植技术等;最后,提出了积极推动科技创新、强化政策支持、重视市场推广等农业生产技术的发展策略,并探讨了未来有机农业生产技术发展的前景,以加强有机农业体系的建设,提高农产品品质和农民收益,实现有机农业生产技术的创新发展,为人们提供更加安全、健康、可持续的农产品和生态环境。     

果农有机苹果的生产意愿分析

苹果是我国主要的优势农产品,但要在国际竞争中生存和发展,必须建立符合世界农业生产标准和市场认可的农业生产管理体系,即发展我国的有机苹果。政府从宏观方面把握市场变化,逐步做出种种制度安排以引导农业产业的发展方向,但农户是该有机农业体系的最终执行者,对有机种植方式的选择以及经营行为的优化与否直接决定该有机农业体系能否建立。基于这种认识和判断,文章以陕西省洛川县有机苹果的生产为例,运用实地入户调研的方法获取一手资料,重点分析尚未采用有机种植方式的果农面临的内外部环境,通过二项逻辑回归模型分析可能显著影响其采用有机生产方式意愿的主要因素,并提出几点建议,以促进有机苹果在我国的快速发展。     

水稻机插同步覆膜技术试验

正为深入贯彻黑龙江省发展绿色有机农业的发展战略,确保农业可持续发展,推进农业发展方式转变,着力改善农业生态环境,提升农产品品质和市场竞争,新技术的推广应用势在必行。目前全省有机绿色水稻的种植主要以人工为主,劳动强度大、集中用工数量多、生产成本高等问题严重制约了有机水稻的生产。为降低有机水稻生产中的劳动强度,减少用工数量,降低生产成本,提高绿色有机水稻     

有机农业栽培的施肥与土壤培肥技术探讨

随着我国经济的发展和人民生活水平的提高,我国农业的发展也越来越好,农业水平处于世界的先进水平,这得益于我国日益增长的物质文化水平和科学技术的日新月异,在这种形势下,出现了有机农业。所谓有机农业,是指在生产的过程中,不采用人工合成的方式,而是采用有机肥进行培育和种植,从而生产出优良品种。有机农业能够解决现代传统农业中存在的问题,同时促进农业的发展进步,具有现实意义。而有机农业中一个重要方面是土壤的培育,只有改善土壤条件,才能保证在培育中能提供充足的营养。但是实际的土壤培育并非易事,需要极其复杂的技术来支持,在进行土壤培育时,应当掌握科学的施肥方式,并根据土质情况设置科学的土壤培育方案,提高土质水平。文章针对有机农业栽培的施肥与土壤培肥技术展开讨论。     

坚持绿色发展 促进乡村振兴

正近年,雅安市以习近平新时代"三农"思想统揽农业农村经济发展,建设美丽雅安、生态强市,坚持"绿水青山就是金山银山"的发展理念,走"绿而美、绿变金"的绿色发展之路,以巩固提升"全国绿色(有机)农业示范区"建设为抓手,构建绿色有机农业产业体系、生产体系、经营体系,推进农业绿色发展、高质量发展,绿色有机品牌持续唱响。有力地推动了农业发展方式转变和现代农业进程,促进了乡村发展、振兴。     

专家呼吁对有机农业发展给予更多关注

尽管我国有机农业起步已有十年时间,但目前这一产业仍不为许多农业生产者、消费者、政府管理和决策者所了解。其理念传播、市场发育以及投资意识与当前世界范围内有机农产品生产和贸易迅速增长的趋势不相适应。有关专家呼吁全社会对有机农业问题给予更多的关注,在我国绿色食品生产的基础上加快有机农业的发展,推动我国农业产业化经营跨入一个新的层次。     

有机农业栽培的施肥与土壤培肥技术探讨

随着我国日益增长的物质文化水平和科学技术的日新月异,我国农业的发展是越来越好。为了适应我国经济的发展以及满足人民生活水平的需求,便出现了有机农业。所谓有机农业,是指在生产的过程中,不采用人工合成的方式,而是采用有机肥进行培育和种植,从而生产出优良农产品。有机农业能够解决现代传统农业中存在的问题,同时促进农业的发展进步,具有现实意义。土壤的培育是有机农业中一个重要方面。只有改善土壤条件,才能保证在培育中能提供充足的营养。但是实际的土壤培育并非易事,需要极其复杂的技术来支持,在进行土壤培育时,应当掌握科学的施肥方式,并根据土质情况设置科学的土壤培育方案,从而提高土质水平。基于此,本文针对有机农业栽培的施肥与土壤培肥技术展开讨论。     

有机蔬菜病虫草害防治技术分析

就目前而言,有机农业是推动我国农业发展的主要动力.实践证明,有机农业需要以生态学原理为依据,充分关注自然规律,让种植业和养殖业得以实现协调发展,并据此推动农业高质量发展.有机蔬菜是有机农业领域的主要产物,只有通过独立有机食品认证且被赋予有机食品标志的蔬菜产品,方可定义为有机蔬菜,为此,要求严格贯彻有机生产的规程,以充分...     

农产品生产中绿色植物保护技术的应用探究

农业对我国国民经济的发展具有重要的作用,在农产品生产的过程中,利用绿色植物保护技术能够有效地防治病虫害,同时在提高农产品生产质量方面具有重要的意义.为此,应加强农业生产中的绿色植保技术的应用.本文主要从技术研究、技术管理和社会宣传等方面探究农业生产中的绿色植保技术,希望为促进生态农业的发展提供一些意见.     

我国发展有机食品的天然优势

从各方面条件看，我国具备发展有机农业、生产和出口有机食品的潜在优势。首先，有机农业生产过程以传统的农业栽培方法为主，我国农民对此熟悉，易接受和理解；其次，虽然近几十年来我国一些地区的化肥和农药用量相当大，但与发达国家相比受污染程度还是比较低。……     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。