温室环境智能控制系统的研究与开发

温室环境智能控制系统以中心计算机和PLC智能控制器为控制核心，基于人工智能和农业专家系统知识库，采用主从监控管理形式，对温室内外环境因子进行实时监测和智能化决策调节，为农作物创造最优化的生长条件。系统主要由环境因子实时监控模块、智能决策模块、数据处理模块、数据库管理模块、人工控制模块、系统参数设定模块、灌溉控制模块、远程监控等模块构成，具有智能决策、易于操作、运行可靠、便于升级扩充等特点，已实现产品化。运用该套控制系统，采用配套的栽培技术措施，达到实现作物周年高产、高效、优质生产的目的。     

基于分段控制策略的温室智能测控系统设

以PID算法和模糊控制理论相结合的分段控制理论为控制策略,嵌入温室作物生长模型和栽培专家知识,基于RS485总线,设计了一个分布式温室智能测控系统,对温室生产环境因子进行实时监测、分析、智能决策输出,调节温室控制设备,创造最佳的温室作物生长环境条件.实践证明,分段控制算法使控制输出准确跟踪设置值.     

基于Zigbee和组态软件的草莓温室大棚远程监控系统的研究与实现

为了实现草莓温室大棚内环境参数的远程智能监控,研究开发了一套基于Zigbee无线采集系统和组态软件的智能监控系统。系统以三维力控组态软件为上位机控制软件,通过Zigbee无线采集网关和Zigbee无线传感节点采集大棚内的环境参数,通过Modbus通讯协议实现上位机与基于Zigbee的数据采集发射模块之间的通讯,在上位机软件中实时显示温室的环境因子,并可以通过西门子200PLC对过程执行机构如风机、湿帘等进行实时控制,调节大棚内的环境参数。实验表明,该系统性价比高,鲁棒性好,提高了草莓大棚环境参数采集的稳定性和准确性,上位机组态界面形象直观,操作性好,改善了草莓生长环境。     

基于PLC和组态软件的智能温室监控系统设计

运用可编程序控制器和组态软件对智能温室的温度、湿度参数等进行自动控制,充分利用PLC可靠性高和通用性好的特点及组态软件人机通讯的功能,实现了对智能温室控制的预期要求。     

温室环境系统模糊控制研究及PLC应用

针对传统温室大棚控制参数单一及自动化程度不高的问题,研究了基于温室多因子控制的模糊控制系统.在对温室大棚内的环境参数进行实时监控的基础上,根据作物生理活动的特点及其对环境条件的反应,将模糊控制算法应用于PLC程序,对温室大棚内环境因子进行调节,以促进光合作用,抑制呼吸消耗,加速营养物质的运输和积累,达到增产降耗与提高温室利用效率的目的.     

PLC和MCGS组态软件在温室控制中的应用

温室为植物生长提供了适宜的生长条件,温室环境控制越来越受到重视。为此,提出了基于PLC和MCGS组态软件的温室控制系统设计方案,采用温度传感器、光照传感器、CO2浓度传感器对温室中环境指标进行检测,并将测量值送入PLC中,由PLC将其与设定值进行比较,再发出相应的指令驱动执行设备来调节温室内的环境参数,从而实现温室的自动化控制。采用MCGS软件完成了控制系统的组态设计,实现了动态演示、过程监测、数据记录、曲线显示等功能,从而实现了控制系统操作的人性化和过程的可视化,为温室环境控制提供了设计基础。     

基于嵌入式 Web 服务器的远程温室监控系统设计

针对传统温室监控系统实时性差、监控环境因子单一的问题,设计了一种基于嵌入式 Web 服务器的远程温室监控系统。该监控系统以嵌入式Web 服务器为核心,结合CGI 技术实现多传感器数据与控制界面的动态传输,通过Internet 远程访问嵌入式Web 服务器,实现用户通过 Web 浏览器对温室环境多因子参数的监测与控制。该系统保证了对温室环境因子的精确检测与实时控制,可为温室作物提供适宜的生长环境。     

温室环境智能控制系统的研究

现代化温室通过各种传感器及微型计算机自动控制温室环境,为作物在不适宜生长的季节提供适宜生长的环境条件,以实现不时栽培、提早采收、延长生育期和增加产量。根据温室环境控制系统的要求。应用计算机控制技术,设计了适合作物生长的新型温室环境控制系统,实现了各个环境因子的控制。通过试用证明,其具有良好的稳定性。     

基于作物生长模型的温室智能控制系统

在对国内外温室智能控制系统进行调查分析的基础上,针对高档温室自动控制的需要,探索性地将温室作物生长模型引入到温室智能控制系统结构中,开发了基于作物生长模型的温室智能控制系统.该系统基于温室作物生长模型理论,对温室内外环境因子进行实时监测和智能化决策调节,为温室内作物生长创造最优化的生长条件.该系统功能强大,软硬件全中文界面,操作简便,运行可靠.     

基于PLC的农业温室大棚智能监测设备应用

传统温室大棚种植手段单一,对农作物生长信息和温室内环境信息的监测仍需要依靠人工进行,导致农业生产效率低下、数据监测不准确、实时性不强,对产量影响较大。为此,设计了基于PLC的农业温室大棚监测设备,将PLC技术、传感器技术与监测设备相结合,完成了温室大棚监测设备的总体结构设计,并通过硬件选型和硬件设计,完成硬件模块电路设计、PLC控制系统的I/O地址分配表设计和外部接线设计、软件流程设计。实验结果表明:智能监测设备能够实时检测温室大棚内的环境温湿度、CO_2浓度、光照度等参数,并能够通过PLC控制器完成对相关参数的智能控制。该智能监测设备监测参数全面,控制精度高,能够在较大程度上节约水资源和农业生产成本,提高了温室大棚种植效率。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。