促进芮城县推广保护性耕作技术的措施

介绍了山西省芮城县保护性耕作技术应用现状,阐述了保护性耕作技术的推广效果,分析了保护性耕作技术推广工作中存在的问题,提出了促进保护性耕作技术推广的措施。     

吉林省保护性耕作技术推广应用研究

保护性耕作是以少免耕和作物残茬覆盖为主体的现代耕作技术。在东北地区推广应用保护性耕作技术,既能保护黑土地,又能有效防止桔秆焚烧,实现农业可持续发展。为深入了解保护性耕作技术推广应用现状,探索适宜东北地区保护性耕作技术发展路径,加快技术推广应用步伐,以吉林省为案例,开展专题调查研究,总结保护性耕作发展经验,分析技术推广应用过程中存在的主要问题,提出因地制宜推广保护性耕作技术的建议。     

抓住机遇 乘势而上 努力开创保护性耕作工作新局面

一、我国保护性耕作技术推广取得阶段性成果 推广保护性耕作技术是推进农业机械化发展中的一项重要工作。近几年,各地认真组织开展保护性耕作示范和推广,加强保护性耕作技术研究、指导和交流,保护性耕作技术日益完善和成熟,     

朝阳县玉米保护性耕作技术探讨

玉米作为我国主要粮食作物，种植面积大，朝阳县是辽宁省玉米主要产地，科学高效的进行玉米种植意义重大，推广玉米保护性耕作有助于保护耕地、提高产量，分析了朝阳县开展玉米保护性耕作技术推广工作及主要技术模式，通过实际推广在朝阳县木头城子重点开展玉米保护性耕作，对比常规模式与免耕播种模式玉米测产数据，总结玉米保护性耕作技术推广的成效、存在问题及建议。     

春种秋收时节搞好保护性耕作技术推广的措施

保护性耕作是一项先进的农业措施,应因时因地制宜地开展保护性耕作技术的推广工作。结合工作实践中积累的经验,探讨在春种秋收时节搞好保护性耕作技术推广工作的具体措施,以加快该技术的推广进程。     

本溪市保护性耕作项目实施研究

本溪市从2010年开始实施辽宁省保护性耕作试验、示范和推广项目。介绍本溪市保护性耕作项目运作情况,总结实施保护性耕作项目的有效措施,分析保护性耕作技术推广应用中存在的主要问题,并提出对策,为今后继续加强保护性耕作项目实施与管理提供参考。     

双辽市保护性耕作技术示范推广项目实施方案

双辽市保护性耕作技术示范推广项目实施方案是作为双辽市2019年度保护性耕作技术推广项目的具体实施方案,包括项目已有基础与年度主要内容、项目实施地点及规模、项目对比试验田建设、拟开展的保护性耕作技术模式、项目拟达到的技术指标及作业质量,以及项目组织措施。     

额尔古纳市保护性耕作技术推广现状及发展前景

本文通过对额尔古纳市保护性耕作技术与推广的研究,分析了保护性耕作对实现农业可持续发展的重要性,介绍了该市的主要做法,以及对保护性耕作技术推广工作的建议。     

推广保护性耕作过程中遇到的主要问题及解决措施

实施保护性耕作是有效保护农田、实现农业可持续发展的必由之路。尽管各地重视保护性耕作技术推广工作,但在实践中发现一些不容忽视的农民认识、机具质量、种植模式、作业质量、技术服务等问题,亟待解决。对此提出具体的解决措施,以促进保护性耕作技术推广工作的顺利进行。     

做好保护性耕作技术推广工作的建议

保护性耕作技术是保水保土、保护环境、增产增收的农田耕作技术。本文对做好保护性耕作技术推广工作提出了几点建议,希望能在以后的推广工作中起到一定的促进和推动作用。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。