影响稻米品质的因素及对策

针对我国稻米生产重视产量而忽视品质的倾向,提出从高产向优质安全转变的观点.阐述稻米品质的概念、构成要素与优质标准,介绍目前水稻品种品质的现状,探讨品种遗传特性、环境、栽培条件等影响稻米品质的主要因素,并提出提高稻米品质的有效措施,以期为提高水稻的稻米品质提供参考.     

发展优质无公害稻米的回顾与思考

1　回顾近二年来的“卖粮难”,迫使农业部门开始注重对稻米品质的研究和优质稻米的开发生产。稻米品质是一个综合性的概念,优质食用稻米作为商品必须具有好看(外观好、垩白少)、易加工(精米率高)、好吃(食味佳)、有营养(营养元素多、含量高)的优良品质。江南明珠米业公司?..     

浅谈科技提升水稻综合生产能力的举措

在各级政府高度重视粮食生产的形势下。丹阳市2004年将确保水稻面积3．73万hm^2以上。其中无公害优质稻米2万hm^2以上，产业链式开发的稻鸭共作0．07万hm^2(1万亩)左右，稻谷总产33．6万t以上。初步建成三大优质稻米优势产业区．在提高常规高产高效稻作技术的基础上，重点开发并建成一批适应不同优势区域的、轻型、简化、生态、安全的标准化生产技术体系，培育一批优质稻米产业化开发龙头企业和稻米品牌．明显提高稻米质量和市场竞争力。     

优质稻米追溯体系中RFID阅读器的研究

稻米追溯体系的建立是从源头提高稻米质量安全的必然趋势。为此,针对优质稻米追溯体系中信息采集的要求,设计了UHF RIFD阅读器的硬件及软件系统,该阅读器采用PIE编码、PR-ASK调制和CRC校验方式。试验结果表明:阅读器读取距离1m,其成本较低,稳定性强,易于实现。     

水稻新品种对比试验

为提高稻米品质、增加水稻生产效益,筛选适合盘锦地区种植的优质多抗高产水稻品种。对引进的20个水稻新品种进行对比试验,考察各品种的特征特性、抗逆能力、增产潜力等指标,筛选出适合栽培的优良品种,为水稻品种更新换代与品质提升提供备选依据。     

环境因子和栽培措施对稻米品质影响的研究进展

水稻是我国第一大粮食作物，其面积约占全国粮食作物总面积的30％，而总产量约占粮食总产量的40％，全国有50％以上的人口以稻米为主要食粮。目前我国稻米品质，特别是籼稻米品质欠佳，已与国家的经济发展水平和人民。对稻米品质的要求不相适应。为此，阐述了环境因子和栽培措施对稻米品质影响的研究进展情况，并提出了改善稻米品质的措施与方法。     

机械化生产为优质稻米锦上添花

优质稻米是常州农业传统的优势和主导产业，笔带着机械化在促进优质稻米产业做大做强中能发挥什么样的积极作用的问题，赴优势产业区之一的优质稻米生产机械化程度较高的龙头企业金坛市江南春米业公司进行了调研。从江南春米业公司的事实看到，机械化生产为优质稻米的锦上添花起到了不可替代的作用。     

刍议水稻生产机械化与优质稻米产业化

水稻是我国主要的粮食作物,生产及消费总量居全球首位,水稻生产机械化可有效促进稻作生产规模化和标准化,实现高效、环保和优质生产,有利于加快优质稻米产业化进程,增强稻米市场竞争力。江苏是水稻种植和消费大省,以机械化技术为支撑,提升优质稻米产业化水平,对加快现代高效农业发展、促进社会主义新农村建设具有重要的现实意义。     

含镉水灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响

通过土培桶栽水稻试验,以辽宁中部灌区多年来水质状况为背景,研究了不同质量浓度镉水(0、0.002、0.004、0.005、0.006、0.01、0.012mg/L)灌溉对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,重金属镉对水稻籽粒的长度有一定的抑制作用,但能降低稻米的垩白粒率,当灌溉水中镉质量浓度为0.002mg/L时,稻米的垩白粒率最小,仅为0.15,达到了国家二级优质米的标准;当质量浓度在0.012mg/L以下时,对水稻结实率、千粒质量、每桶产量的影响不显著,对水稻的碾米品质和营养品质无不利影响。土壤中的含镉量则与水中镉的质量浓度成正比,当质量浓度达到9.5×10-3 mg/L时,土壤中的含镉量达到国家环保局制定的限量标准(0.3mg/kg)。灌溉水中的镉仅有较少一部分进入到稻米中,6个不同质量浓度处理下,稻米中的含镉量占全生育期灌溉水镉总量的比例约为0.012%～0.067%。     

稻米品质的评价

随着稻米的市场定位和人民生活水平的提高,稻米贸易对其品质的要求也越来越严格。由于不同的用途对稻米品质有不同的评价标准,目前尚未统一。为此,试从稻米的干燥贮藏品质、稻米的理化指标、碾米的加工品质、烹调与食味品质和外观品质5个方面对稻米品质进行评价。     

Overland water and salt flows in a set of rice paddies

Cultivation of paddy rice in semiarid areas of the world faces problems related to water scarcity. This paper aims at characterizing water use in a set of paddies located in the central Ebro basin of Spain using experimentation and computer simulation. A commercial field with six interconnected paddies, with a total area of 5.31 ha, was instrumented to measure discharge and water quality at the inflow and at the runoff outlet. The soil was classified as a Typic Calcixerept, and was characterized by a mild salinity (2.5 dS m⁻¹) and an infiltration rate of 5.8 mm day⁻¹. The evolution of flow depth at all paddies was recorded. Data from the 2002 rice-growing season was elaborated using a mass balance approach to estimate the infiltration rate and the evolution of discharge between paddies. Seasonal crop evapotranspiration, estimated with the surface renewal method, was 731 mm (5.1 mm day⁻¹), very similar to that of other summer cereals grown in the area, like corn. The irrigation input was 1874 mm, deep percolation was 830 mm and surface runoff was 372 mm. Irrigation efficiency was estimated as 41%. The quality of surface runoff water was slightly degraded due to evapoconcentration and to the contact with the soil. During the period 2001–2003, the electrical conductivity of surface runoff water was 54% higher than that of irrigation water. However, the runoff water was suitable for irrigation. A mechanistic mass balance model of inter-paddy water flow permitted to conclude that improvements in irrigation efficiency cannot be easily obtained in the experimental conditions. Since deep percolation losses more than double surface runoff losses, a reduction in irrigation discharge would not have much room for efficiency improvement. Simulations also showed that rice irrigation performance was not negatively affected by the fluctuating inflow hydrograph. These hydrographs are typical of turnouts located at the tail end of tertiary irrigation ditches. In fact, these are the sites where rice has been historically cultivated in the study area, since local soils are often saline-sodic and can only grow paddy rice taking advantage of the low salinity of the irrigation water. The low infiltration rate characteristic of these saline-sodic soils (an experimental value of 3.2 mm day⁻¹ was obtained) combined with a reduced irrigation discharge resulted in a simulated irrigation efficiency of 60%. Paddy rice irrigation efficiency can attain reasonable values in the local saline-sodic soils, where the infiltration rate is clearly smaller than the average daily rice evapotranspiration.     

瓦房店市水果生产标准化发展研究

瓦房店市是我国重要的水果生产基地,在国内水果生产领域占有重要地位。随着水果市场化的不断深入,如何满足和适应国内外市场需求成为瓦房店市水果生产的关键问题。从瓦房店市水果生产实际出发,阐述了实施水果生产标准化的必要性,提出了发展水果生产标准化的具体措施。     

金谷子耐旱TG118引种试种及推广应用

对引进的谷子新品种金谷子耐旱TG118进行品种比较试验和多点试种。结果表明：该品种抗旱、耐瘠、适应性强,稳产、高产、抗病抗风抗倒伏强,品质优良,粮草兼用,种植简单,省工易管;一般产量在6000kg/hm2以上,比当地主栽品种增产20%以上。最高产量达9450kg/hm2,适于在辽西北地区推广应用。     

对《种子法》存在问题的探讨

《种子法》是我国种植业第一部法律。自实施以来,为依法加强种子管理提供了有力的法律支撑,促进我国种子产业发生翻天覆地的变化。但随着依法管理工作的深入和种子产业的快速发展,《种子法》及配套规章的一些问题逐步显现出来。对《种子法》及配套规章存在的问题进行深入分析,对需要进一步补充的章节以及需要调整的内容进行深入探讨,以求更加完善和明确。     

Review of the Egyptian experience in implementing land drainage projects

About 30 years have passed since the Government of Egypt embarked on implementing a series of large scale drainage projects. At present, about 3.8 million acres have been provided with drainage systems on the basis of systematic pre-drainage investigations and designs. The target is to provide drains in approximately 6.4 million acres in the Nile Valley and Delta.The implementation of the subsurface drainage system is carried out by the public sector and private contractors under direct supervision of governmental regional departments. The implementation process depends on many factors related to the drainage material, machinery, manpower, site requirements, farmers and organizations involved. Problems and constraints are sometimes challenging, however, the annual rate of implementation has gradually increased to 170,000 acre/year.This paper discusses the different aspects involved in the implementation process of drainage systems. The development in materials, machinery and construction technologies will be reviewed. Institutional and management factors are going to be also considered.     

和谐社会理论建设的几点哲学思考

在新世纪,面对机遇和挑战,党的十六大把“社会更加和谐”作为全面建设更高水平的小康社会的一个重要目标。中国人素有社会和谐的理想;西方人自古也向往社会和谐;借鉴东西方两种和谐社会思想的经验、教训,构建社会主义和谐社会理论。     

A European irrigation map for spatially distributed agricultural modelling

We present a pan-European irrigation map based on regional European statistics, a European land use map and a global irrigation map. The map provides spatial information on the distribution of irrigated areas per crop type which allows determining irrigated areas at the level of spatial modelling units. The map is a requirement for a European scale assessment of the impacts of irrigated agriculture on water resources based on spatially distributed modelling of crop growth and water balance. The irrigation map was compiled in a two step procedure. First, irrigated areas were distributed to potentially irrigated crops at a regional level (European statistical regions NUTS3), combining Farm Structure Survey (FSS) data on irrigated area, crop-specific irrigated area for crops whenever available, and total crop area. Second, crop-specific irrigated area was distributed within each statistical region based on the crop distribution given in our land use map. A global map of irrigated areas with a 5′ resolution was used to further constrain the distribution within each NUTS3 based on the density of irrigated areas. The constrained distribution of irrigated areas as taken from statistics to a high resolution dataset enables us to estimate irrigated areas for various spatial entities, including administrative, natural and artificial units, providing a reasonable input scenario for large-scale distributed modelling applications. The dataset bridges a gap between global datasets and detailed regional data on the distribution of irrigated areas and provides information for various assessments and modelling applications.     

粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的应用

在介绍粉质仪和拉伸仪结构和原理的基础上,探讨了粉质曲线中吸水率、形成时间、稳定时间、弱化度和评价值等指标与面粉品质的关系,以及如何根据拉伸曲线中面团最大拉伸阻力、延伸度和拉伸曲线面积等指标来评价面团品质,并结合生产实际,概述了粉质仪和拉伸仪在面粉生产中的作用。     

农村信息化服务的现状及建设措施

分析当前我国农村信息化服务的现状,提出加强农村信息化服务的新举措。     

车辆ABS控制算法的研究及探讨

对现代汽车的ABS控制算法作了一些简单的介绍,同时指出了它们的一些缺陷,相应地提出了几种对ABS的其它控制方法并加以探讨,其中着重论述了ABS门限值控制算法中参考车速的确定方法和基于附着系数的控制算法。