三种栽培基质配方三潮次毛木耳子实体重金属含量比较

利用当前毛木耳(Auricularia polytricha)栽培的3种主要配方,分析了固体栽培基质条件下重金属含量在子实体不同潮次中的变化情况。结果显示,3种配方获得的3潮次产品重金属含量均低于食品安全国家标准GB2762-2012的限量。栽培基质中重金属含量由高到低依次为砷铅镉汞,而子实体中重金属含量在3潮产品中均表现为铅砷镉汞,与栽培基质中重金属含量不完全一致。毛木耳子实体中铅、镉、汞含量高于栽培基质,而砷的含量则明显低于栽培基质。毛木耳子实体对不同的重金属有不同的富集能力,对镉、汞、铅的富集系数最高,对砷的富集系数最低,表现出对不同重金属的选择性富集。3潮次之间的毛木耳重金属含量未表现明显规律性。     

荆条基质下毛木耳培养条件优化

以毛木耳为试材,以荆条为基质,通过测定毛木耳在荆条屑培养基上的长速长势、胞外酶活性和生物学效率等指标,分析荆条作为毛木耳新型栽培原料的可行性。结果表明:荆条屑中纤维素含量为27.12%,半纤维素含量为10.06%,木质素含量为25.64%,粗蛋白质含量为3.35%,在栽培毛木耳方面具有可行性和开发潜力。以毛木耳3号为出发菌株,适宜栽培配方为荆条屑70%、棉籽皮10%、麸皮18%、生石灰1%、石膏1%。以毛木耳适宜料水比1∶1.4及采取适宜出耳模式与划口方式进行管理,其生物学效率可达103.75%。     

利用猕猴桃枝屑栽培棘托竹荪试验

为了探索利用猕猴桃枝条屑栽培竹荪的关键技术,通过对猕猴桃枝条的浸泡时间和配方试验,筛选出最佳的浸泡时间和配方:用饱和石灰水浸泡5 d和猕猴桃枝屑添加量控制50%或以下。     

蚯蚓处理猕猴桃枝条粉碎物的研究

为寻求猕猴桃园废弃枝条的资源化利用途径,本研究对新鲜的猕猴桃枝条进行了不同的粉碎、消毒、接种EM菌、接种蚯蚓等处理;分析不同处理对蚯蚓生存、生长、繁殖的影响,以及这些处理对猕猴桃枝条营养元素的影响。结果显示:30 d后,蚯蚓在不同处理的枝条粉碎物中的存活率为87.50%~100%,各处理间的差异不显著。枝条的2次粉碎物较1次粉碎物更有利于蚯蚓的生长和繁殖。与对照(CK)相比,猕猴桃枝条粉碎物接种蚯蚓后其全氮、全磷、全钾、全碳等元素含量均有所上升;而有机质含量下降,最大降幅约25%;C/N比下降,降幅最大为15%。蚯蚓在30 d内对100%猕猴桃枝叶粉碎物的最大生物降解率约为25%。     

猕猴桃修剪枝条的还田分解特征及其受基质质量的影响

【目的】通过定量分析猕猴桃修剪枝条还田后的分解及养分释放过程，揭示枝条基质质量对分解速率的影响机制，为猕猴桃果园科学施肥提供指导建议。【方法】以4个猕猴桃品种（红阳、金艳、金魁、金果）的修剪枝条为研究对象，分析枝条的分解速率、养分（C、N、P、K）释放以及木质素、纤维素、半纤维素的降解过程。通过比较品种之间的分解特征，分析基质质量对分解速率的影响。【结果】猕猴桃枝条分解半衰期约为6个月，周转期约为29个月，分解速率由快至慢的品种为红阳、金果、金艳、金魁。凋落物初始N、K、木质素和半纤维素含量均与分解半衰期显著相关。经过12个月的分解试验，4个猕猴桃品种枝条释放了50%～70%的C和N，红阳和金艳猕猴桃枝条释放了80%以上的P和K。木质素、纤维素和半纤维随干物质的分解而逐步降解，且在第1个月降解率最高。【结论】猕猴桃枝条还田分解是对土壤肥力的重要补充，基质质量是影响分解速率的主要因素，其中木质素含量对分解速率限制作用最大。     

南荻基质栽培秀珍菇配方试验

为探究以南荻为基质栽培秀珍菇的效果,试验以台秀1号为试验菌株,考察南荻基质含量（16%、32%、48%、64%、80%）对台秀1号菌丝生长速度、产量以及营养品质的影响。试验结果表明,栽培料中添加南荻基质,台秀1号菌丝生长比对照快,且菌丝浓密;配方(1)、配方(2)与对照（CK）的产量相当,配方(3)、配方(4)、配方(5)与对照产量差异显著。南荻32%,棉籽壳30%,杂木屑18%,麸皮15%,石灰1%,石膏1%,糖1%、玉米粉2%的配方(2)栽培秀珍菇的效果最好。     

丹栀逍遥散中药渣栽培平菇的可行性初探

目的：系统性评价丹栀逍遥散中药渣栽培平菇的可行性。方法：以丹栀逍遥散中药渣为研究对象,将中药渣和棉籽壳混合栽培平菇,并分析不同配方平菇的生物转化率、营养成分、重金属以及平菇中栀子苷的残留。结果：配方3（含中药渣40%）栽培的平菇生物转化率最高;发菌时间较短且菌丝长势强,菌袋污染率低;粗蛋白和总糖含量高,粗脂肪含量显著降低,而灰分、粗纤维含量变化不显著;重金属含量在安全范围内且栀子苷未检出。结论：用丹栀逍遥散中药渣栽培平菇安全可行,既能延长中药渣的价值链,又可丰富平菇的栽培基质。     

二浸豆粕为氮源栽培毛木耳的研究

在毛木耳(Auricularia cornea)基础配方(CK)上,添加不同比例的豆粕(未发酵处理的二浸豆粕)为氮源,设计了5个毛木耳栽培基质配方,通过对菌丝长势、菌袋污染率、耳期染病率、生物转化率及耳片农艺形状等指标的分析,结果表明,在毛木耳栽培基质中添加一定量的豆粕,对菌丝生长具有一定促进作用,但实际添加量≥2%时,配方表现出污染率增高,耳片变小,耳片厚度降低,产量和生物转化率降低的现象,综合表明,在黄背毛木耳栽培基质中,不宜添加未经发酵处理的二浸豆粕直接用于生产。     

巨鹫玉和金盛球两种仙人球静置水培适应性及营养液配方的研究

 选用4 种营养液配方栽培巨鹫玉( Ferocactus horridus) 和金盛球( Echinopsis calochlora) 两种仙人球, 以泥炭/ 河沙混合基质栽培为对照。结果表明: 经100 d 种植, 供试的仙人球在这4 种营养液配方静置水培中均能正常生长, 而且生长速度显著大于基质栽培或与之相当; 在4 种营养液配方中, 巨鹫玉在完全硝态氮的配方处理中球体质量的增加比基质栽培的快1 倍以上, N、P、K的吸收量也显著高于其它含有铵态氮配方的; 而金盛球在所有营养液配方中生长量均显著高于基质栽培, 球体质量增长量超过基质栽培的1 倍以上, 4 种配方间无显著差异。水培仙人球是促使球体快速增长的良好栽培方式。     

茶叶渣主要成分及其在三种草腐菌栽培上的应用

对茶叶精深加工企业的废弃茶叶渣进行主要营养成分、重金属含量测定并利用其进行3种草腐菌栽培配方试验。结果表明:茶叶渣自身含有非常丰富的营养物质,氮含量达4.77%、碳含量达50.2%,并富含磷、钙、钾等多种微量元素,极为符合食用菌栽培;并且5种常规重金属含量均在安全范围以内。配方试验证明茶叶渣完全适合作为草腐菌栽培的一种新型基质,以10%~30%量替代部分栽培主料,以40%量添加于栽培主料均能节约成本,增加效益。利用茶叶渣栽培草腐菌,具有很高的推广价值。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.