2018年《中国人造板》杂志征订启事北大核心

《中国人造板》(月刊)由中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所主办,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所信息中心承办,是我国专题报道人造板全方位信息的杂志。主要面向人造板、人造板原辅材料、人造板深加工、地板、木材加工设备及配件、室内装饰、木制家具、建材等领域的广大企事业单位、营销单位、行政管理部门,发行量较大,报道专业性强,是行业的质量、技术、市场信息专家。     

探究非木材植物纤维原料人造板的发展现状

近几年,我国木材工业利用一些非木材植物纤维原料来制造人造板,这些人造板可保证墙体中的强度,具有保温节能、防火、隔声等功能,被我国的建筑行业广泛的应用。本文针对我国的非木材植物纤维原料制造的人造板进行了阐述及分析。     

2015年《中国人造板》杂志征订启事

<正>《中国人造板》(月刊)由中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所主办,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所信息中心承办,是我国专题报道人造板全方位信息的杂志。主要面向人造板、人造板原辅材料、人造板深加工、地板、木材加工设备及配件、室内装饰、木制家具、建材等领域的广大企事业单位、营销单位、行政管理部门,发行量较大,报道专业性强,是行业的质量、技术、市场信息专家。     

科技通讯

关于发展非木材人造板的建议1991年8月底在哈尔滨市举行的全国非木材人造板学术研讨会上,代表们回顾了近年来我国在发展非木材人造板方面所取得的成就与存在的问题。为使非木材人造板工业进一步健康发展,会议提出了以八下点建议: 一、制定非木材人造板的发展规划。非木材人造板应首先发展技术条件成熟、产品性能较好、原料的集中与贮存较为方便者,如竹材、甘蔗渣、亚     

欢迎订阅2015年《中国人造板》杂志

<正>《中国人造板》(月刊)由中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所主办,中国林业科学研究院木材工业研究所信息中心承办,是我国专题报道人造板全方位信息的杂志。主要面向人造板、人造板原辅材料、人造板深加工、地板、木材加工设备及配件、室内装饰、木制家具、建材等领域的广大企事业单位、营销单位、行政管理部门,发行量较大,报道专业性强,是行业的质量、技术、市场信息专家。     

非木材植物纤维原料人造板

本文阐述了在中国发展非木材纤维原料人造板的意义,介绍了中国林科院木材工业研究所近年来开展的利用竹材、亚麻屑、蔗渣、棉秆、葵花秆、麦秸、谷秸、玉米秸、芦苇、豆秸和烟秆等非木材纤维原料制造刨花板、中密度纤维板和硬质纤维板的研究工作。结果表明,上述非木材植物纤维原料适于制造人造板,这些人造板在很多场合可以替代木材人造板使用,因而,在中国发展非木材植物纤维原料人造板具有广阔前景。     

当前我省木材加工及人造板产业面临的困难和问题与对策建议

<正>为全面了解新常态下木材加工及人造板企业在产品产销、融资、转型、升级等方面的实际情况,研究探讨有关应对措施,促进我省木材加工及人造板产业的健康发展,省林业产业协会于最近在昆明召开了有20多家木材加工企业主要负责人参加的座谈会。会上,各企业负责人简要介绍了企业近年来木制品产销的情况,重点介绍了企业在经济下行压力下面临的主要困难和问题,并对今后的木材加工及人造板产业发展提出了一些建议。     

人造板简介

人造板是用木材、竹材或其它植物纤维作原料、经化学和物理处理而制成的板材。生产人造板,木材利用率由原来只有约百分之六十提高到百分之九十以上,且可用植物纤维代替木材。大力发展人造板,可以提高木材利用率和节约森林资源.意义重大。人造板种类繁多,目前用途最广、产量最大、质量最好的人造板主要有八种:     

人造板着色剂

对人造板(包括木材、竹材、单板)进行着色,是近年来出现的新工艺。通过着色使人造板(木材、竹材、单板)变成带色的制品,可以提高产品的外观性能,扩大产品的应用范围,增加产品的商品价值,是人造板和木材加工行业增加产品花色品种的一条有效途径。然而,着色工艺和着色剂对人造板和木材加工行业而言还是一个新课题,目前行业中应用的着色剂大多只有标色(识)的作用,如防潮板标以绿色,防火板标以红色,而用于提高人造板外观性能及附加值尚极少见。因此,要通过着色来达到增加产品品种的目的,尚需对着色的概念,着色剂的分类,着色剂的性能评价方法,着色剂的制备和应用工艺等方面进行深入的研究探讨,以寻求适用于对人造板(木材、竹材、单板)真正意义上的着色。     

中密度纤维板的市场机遇与挑战

进入新世纪以来，国家为了维护国土生态安全，出台了禁伐天然林的政策法规。随着我国经济建设的快速发展和人民生活水平的提高使木材及木材产品的需求矛盾更为突出。缓解这一矛盾的出路有两条：一是扩大木材进口；二是依靠科学技术。开展综合利用，发展人造板工业。而大量进口木材受到国外限制及外汇支出的问题困扰。只有发展人造板工业，将小材变大材，短材变长材，废材变好材才是解决我国市场对木材及木材产品需求的最佳途径。我国人造板工业从此应运而生。2005年我国人造板产量已达6000多万立方米。     

Browsing Damage on Pine (Pinus sylvestris and P. contorta) by a migrating moose (Alces alces) Population in Winter: Relation to Habitat Composition and Road Barriers

In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads.     

Effects of Root Freezing on the Physiology and Growth of Picea glauca,Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana Seedlings Under Different Soil Moisture Regimes

The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage.     

Stand Structure in Pine,Spruce and Deciduous Forests: A Comparison Between Finnish and Russian Karelia

This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland.     

Growth and Terminal Bud Formation in Picea abies Seedlings Grown with Alternating Diurnal Temperature and Different Light Qualities

The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions.     

CAD与建筑设计的关系

本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。     

Natural Regeneration in Clear-cuts: Effects of Scarification,Slash Removal and Clear-cut Age

The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided.     

Risk Perception Among Non-industrial Private Forest Owners

Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken.     

Interactions in decomposition and N mineralization between tropical legume residue components

In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts (stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea, largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols. Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its components are mixed.     

Pasture production and tree growth in a young pine plantation fertilized with inorganic fertilizers and milk sewage in northwestern Spain

The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization, (2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha⁻¹ target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha⁻¹. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha⁻¹) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha⁻¹). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea (Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m², with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral systems. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.