我国玉米资源研究现状及发展展望

从玉米种质资源扩增、外来玉米种质资源改良和利用等方面综述了我国玉米种质资源研究现状,指出玉米种质资源狭窄的危害及扩增种质资源的重要意义,并对未来玉米种质资源研究的发展提出建议。     

贵州山区玉米种质的改良

贵州山区玉米种质对贵州省的玉米育种和玉米生产有着重大贡献,但贵州山区玉米种质需要进行遗传改良和扩增,才能发挥良好作用。本文概述了贵州山区玉米种质的特点及其改良情况,并对贵州山区玉米种质的改良发展方向进行了讨论。     

甘肃玉米种质资源创新问题探析

引证有关文献,对甘肃玉米种质资源储备不足、种质创新缺乏动力,制约玉米产业的发展,以及对当前种质创新技术、机制及法规体系方面存在的问题和影响进行分析,并对种质资源创新方法、提高甘肃省在玉米种质资源创新研究的投入效率和对创新种质的有效保护问题提出了建议。     

山西省玉米种质基础与杂种优势模式利用研究

对山西省玉米种质基础、杂种优势群划分和杂种优势模式进行综合分析,归纳总结出山西省玉米种质基础狭窄,杂种优势群利用不够广泛,杂种优势利用模式利用较单一。因此,需加强山西省与国内外各地的交流合作,不断改良和创新引进外来种质,拓宽种质资源,同时不断更新观念,明确今后的育种目标,采用先进的育种技术与传统育种方法相结合创造新的种质,不断提高玉米育种水平,以适应玉米生产发展的需要。     

sh_2wx甜糯玉米种质利用及白甜糯102选育

sh_2wx甜糯玉米种质利用研究,是利用现有sh_2甜玉米种质材料和糯玉米种质材料,通过杂交分离技术,创制新型sh_2wx甜糯玉米种质,并利用构建的新种质,选育出更适合鲜食玉米、速冻保鲜玉米市场需求的甜糯玉米新品种。     

应用美国玉米种质的经验和教训

主要阐述了应用美国玉米种质育成的优良玉米自交系及这些自交系目前在我国玉米生产上的主要杂优模式．并总结应用过程中的经验和教训,从而起到抛砖引玉的作用,使广大玉米育种工作者有所受益．能够更好地利用美国玉米种质育成更多更好的玉米品种,促进我国玉米生产的发展。     

玉米种质资源对弯袍叶斑病抗性鉴定与评价

2012~2013年,采用田间人工接种的方法对新引进的164份国外玉米种质和122份国内常用玉米种质资源进行了玉米弯袍叶斑病的杭性鉴定与评价。鉴定结果表明:玉米种质对弯抱叶斑病的杭性表现存在差异,总体对弯抱叶斑病的杭病能力较低,表现杭病的种质较少,仅有57份,且杭性种质以中等杭病为主,其余229份种质表现感病或高度感病;新引进的国外玉米种质对弯抱叶斑病的杭病能力高于国内常用玉米种质的抗病能力,从新引进的国外玉米种质中筛选出了37份抗性种质,为抗病育种提供了重要基础材料。     

玉米种质资源对弯孢叶斑病抗性鉴定与评价

2012²013年,采用田间人工接种的方法对新引进的164份国外玉米种质和122份国内常用玉米种质资源进行了玉米弯孢叶斑病的抗性鉴定与评价。鉴定结果表明:玉米种质对弯孢叶斑病的抗性表现存在差异,总体对弯孢叶斑病的抗病能力较低,表现抗病的种质较少,仅有57份,且抗性种质以中等抗病为主,其余229份种质表现感病或高度感病;新引进的国外玉米种质对弯孢叶斑病的抗病能力高于国内常用玉米种质的抗病能力,从新引进的国外玉米种质中筛选出了37份抗性种质,为抗病育种提供了重要基础材料。     

我国玉米种质资源研究现状及思考

分析我国玉米种质资源的研究概况,在发展过程中具有其独特之处,但也存在严重弊端。本文从生物技术、针对性改良、持续创新等方面提出了玉米种质资源工作发展建议。     

美国玉米种质及其在我国的应用现状

种质遗传基础狭窄已成为制约我国玉米育种持续发展的重要因素,收集、整理现有国内外玉米种质,研究其杂种优势关系并建立杂种优势模式,进而施行种质改良与创新是解决此问题的重要途径。其中,合理利用美国玉米种质对我国玉米平均产量的提高尤为显著。文章综述了美国主要玉米种质资源的应用状况,对我国玉米高产品种的选育具有现实指导意义。     

植物新品种保护与品种审定的意义和异同

随着知识产权愈来愈受到社会各界的关注，植物新品种保护工作也显得尤为重要。该文着重介绍了植物新品种保护的发展概况、意义及其与品种审定的异同，使读者对植物新品种保护工作有所了解。     

大白菜施肥技巧与主要病虫害防治

1施肥技巧 大白菜施肥原则是：整地重施有机肥，苗后分次巧追肥。追肥要掌握“少量多次、前少后多、分期供给”。肥后及时浇水，以达到肥水均匀，充分发挥肥效。     

果蔬采后存在问题及贮藏保鲜技术发展

随着生活水平的提高,果蔬产品成为人们摄取营养元素的重要食品之一。分析了我国果蔬采后存在的问题,并对低温及气调保鲜、化学保鲜剂、涂膜保鲜技术及超声保鲜技术等贮藏保鲜技术研究进行了综述,指出我国果蔬贮藏保鲜技术持续、稳定、健康的发展要倚重于科技创新。     

Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and residues of oil and protein crops

Oil and protein crops are of growing importance in cropping systems. This study was carried out to compare oil crops of linseed, rapeseed, sunflower and protein crops of faba bean and white lupin for grain production, residual plant dry matter and nitrogen. Two field experiments with either oil or protein crops were conducted in 1993 and 1994, respectively. Total dry matter production, grain yield, residues, N concentrations and mineral N in the soil were measured. Dry matter production and distribution as well as N uptake and residues varied greatly among species and between years. In 1993, oil crops gave up to 3 t ha⁻¹ grain and 16 t ha⁻¹ residues with sunflower, while in 1994 up to 5 and 11 t ha⁻¹, respectively, were recorded with winter rape. Protein crops showed an opposite reaction in years. Nitrogen uptake and residual N amounts were correlated with dry matter production. Plant residues of oil crops contained 20–140 kg N ha⁻¹; those of protein crops up to 80 kg N ha⁻¹. Despite the variation of residual plant N the variability of mineral N in the soil at harvest was hardly influenced by crops and amounted to only 20–50 kg NO⁻₃-N ha⁻¹.     

我国蔬菜产业和科学技术的发展与展望

1　我国蔬菜产业的发展现状蔬菜是人们日常生活中不可缺少的副食品,也是我国目前种植业中最具活力的经济作物。改革开放以来,随着市场经济的发展,农产品产销体制的不断改革和完善,特别是1988年实施“菜篮子工程”以来,蔬菜产业得到了蓬勃发展。1.1　播种面积1987~1999年,全国蔬菜播种面积由533.3万hm²,发展到1333.3万hm²,增长139.5%。1.2　总产量1987~1999年,全国蔬菜总产量由1.55亿t增加到4.05亿t,增长161.3%,使年人均鲜菜占有量达到330.7kg(世界各国人均105kg……     

向日葵抗盐碱生理生化机制与生长发育特性分析

以Y05-222A和Y06-136R杂交得到的135株F₂群体为研究材料,测定过氧化物酶（POD）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脯氨酸（Pro）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、可溶性蛋白和丙二醛（MDA）等6个生理指标,并进行方差分析、相关性分析和通径分析,对F₂群体进行偏度及峰度分析。结果显示,以上6个生理指标在F₂群体中P>0.05,分布频率符合正态分布,同时存在双向超亲分离现象;相关性分析和通径分析显示,这些指标与抗盐碱系数均呈极显著相关（正相关或负相关）,且相关系数与总间接通径系数方向一致。POD活性的直接通径系数为0.5003,可见POD直接影响抗盐碱性;CAT活性和Pro含量的直接通径系数分别为-0.1317和-0.0384,间接影响抗盐碱性;SOD活性、MDA及可溶性蛋白含量直接或间接影响抗盐碱性。POD、SOD、Pro、CAT、可溶性蛋白和MDA各生理指标的抗盐碱作用表现为POD>CAT>Pro>可溶性蛋白>MDA>SOD。叶片数、株高、茎粗和盘径与抗盐碱系数呈极显著正相关,其相关性表现为叶片数>盘径>株高>茎粗。以上结果可为研究油用向日葵抗盐碱性提供一定的理论基础。     

Approaches and Applications of Chemomics and Chemoinformatics

Some novel concepts of chemomics/molomics are proposed including hydrocarbomics, alcophenomics, carboxomics, pepitomics, metabonomics, etc. like genomics, protomics and glycomics in bioomics. Some examples are given to demonstrate the chemomics and/or molomics methodology and technology based chemoinformatics and bioinformatics and their wide applications in Chemistry and Biology.     

On Fengshui and Rockery and Water Layout

Definition of Fengshui and the theories of selecting mountain and water environment in Fengshui were elaborated. Theories about mountain-water relationship were expounded from the perspective of piling of rockeries and layout of water, a residential area in Hefei City, Beijing Olympics Park, Hangzhou Prince Bay Park, mineral pit of Shanghai Chenshan Botanic Garden, Beijing Beihai Park, Shanghai Changfeng Park were taken for example to demonstrate the influence of traditional rockery and mountain layout in Fengshui on modern landscape design.     

果蔬食品的褐变与控制

结合生产实际,对果蔬食品产生褐变的机理及其控制途径进行探讨。通过遗传学途径,培育果蔬新品种,使之不含易氧化变色物质,增强其天然抗褐变性,是控制果蔬褐变的根本途径。     

Acidity and sweetness in apple and pear

Summary Sweetness and acidity in apple and pear inherit independently and can be organoleptically evaluated separately, but less accurately in pear than in apple. For breeding purposes an analysis of fruits for acidity and sweetness with pH indicator paper and a hand refractometer is to be prefered to the organoleptic method.In apple, the acidity-decreasing with time-of the unripe fruit was already strongly indicative of that of the eating-ripe fruit; sugar-increasing with time-not before the fruit was picking ripe. Sugar content in apple and pear, and the pH in pear, appeared to be normally distributed; the pH in apple showed a segregation into an acid and a low-acid group, which occurred in both the unripe and ripe stage. The segregation ratio between these groups was found to be highly variable. On the whole, the mean acidity and sugar content of apple and pear progenies is significantly determined by that of the parents. Most of the observations made did not support the theory that low acidity in apple is determined by one recessive gene. The relationship between the pH of leaf juice and fruit juice in apple may offer a possibility for pre-selection.