方钢管再生混凝土柱恢复力模型研究

为研究方钢管再生混凝土柱的滞回特性,进行了3根钢管再生混凝土柱和1根普通钢管混凝土的拟静力试验,分析了再生骨料替代率、含钢率及轴压比对柱抗震性能的影响。结果表明,柱的滞回曲线形状较为饱满,具有良好的变形能力及耗能能力;再生骨料替代率对柱的承载力、延性、耗能能力和刚度退化影响不大;含钢率对柱抗震性能的影响较为明显,含钢率越大,柱的抗震性能越好;增大轴压比可以提高柱的水平承载力,但会降低柱的延性和耗能能力。基于试验结果,提出了适合于方钢管再生混凝土柱的“定点指向”三折线恢复力模型,并给出了恢复力模型的表达式。该模型计算结果与试验结果相接近,可供方钢管再生混凝土柱非线性地震反应提供参考依据。     

方钢管再生混凝土柱-钢梁节点的抗震性能试验与影响因素分析

为了研究方钢管再生混凝土柱-钢梁框架节点在不同影响因素下的抗震性能,基于现行设计规范,以再生骨料取代率、粘结滑移、混凝土等级为设计变化参数,设计并制作了4根节点模型并进行了拟静力试验。详细观察了破坏过程,得到了实测滞回曲线。基于试验数据,详细分析了各设计变化参数对节点承载力、刚度、位移延性系数及耗能能力的影响程度。研究结果表明,各变化参数下的节点模型在破坏形态上都表现一致,均表现出钢梁翼缘的断裂破坏;不同再生骨料取代率对节点抗震性能影响不大;粘结滑移有否对节点抗震性能影响极小;混凝土等级越高,节点承载能力随之变大,但变形能力变差。研究成果可为方钢管再生混凝土柱-钢梁结构的推广和应用提供理论参考。     

方钢管再生混凝土柱弹性阶段的抗弯刚度研究

本研究主要研究偏压荷载下方钢管再生混凝土柱的弹性抗弯刚度。采用目前国内外各规范、规程中的弯曲刚度公式,用试验得到的数据算出钢管再生混凝土柱的跨中挠度,并与试验值比较,进而推荐钢管再生混凝土柱的抗弯刚度公式。结果表明:小偏压时,推荐韩林海《现代钢管混凝土结构技术》弹性抗弯刚度的计算公式;大偏压时,推荐AIJ(1997)弹性抗弯刚度的计算公式。     

混凝土工程结构振动测试实例及分析

本文报导了三例混凝土工程结构的振动实测结果以及相应的分析，其中包括装配式混凝土楼盖，混凝土吊车梁和分段拼装的预应力混凝土空心连续板桥，实测结果表明，振动测试方法具有快速，简便等特点，所获取的信息量大于静力试验所获取的信息量，可在结构质量检验以及破损评估中的推广应用。     

型钢-混凝土组合结构地震恢复力模型研究

为了研究型钢-混凝土组合结构的抗震性能,对地震恢复力模型进行了研究。通过比较国内外学者已提出的恢复力模型,分析了其优势与不足,得出刚度退化三折线恢复力模型适用于型钢-混凝土组合结构的恢复力模型研究中。在该恢复力模型的基础上,考虑到正反向弹性刚度不一致,提出了改进恢复力模型,并给出了模型建立的内容、数据处理与拟合方法以及拟合时加载与卸载规则。通过分析研究已有刚度退化三折线恢复力模型的研究结果,并对比各试验模型,提出引入修正系数,建立一个适用所有型钢-混凝土组合结构的参考恢复力模型,为型钢-混凝土组合结构的地震恢复力模型研究提供参考依据。     

基于Open Sees的FRP加固RC圆柱拟静力实验数值分析

纤维增强塑料(Fiber Reinforced Polymer简称FRP)加固钢筋混凝土圆柱(Reinforced Concrete简称RC)提高其抗震性能得到广泛运用,模拟FRP加固钢筋混凝土圆柱动力荷载作用下的非线性滞回反应是桥梁抗震研究的重要内容。以6个FRP加固圆形钢筋混凝土桥墩柱的拟静力实验结果为依据,基于Open Sees中的非线性梁柱单元、零长度单元,建立了考虑弯曲变形、粘结滑移变形的桥墩柱抗震数值分析模型,同时考虑FRP及箍筋对混凝土的共同约束作用,选用吴刚强化模型作为混凝土强度依据,在对实验验证的基础上,进行参数分析。数值模拟结果与实验结果对比表明:吴刚强化模型计算的混凝土应力应变合理,纤维单元模型对加固柱的滞回曲线有较好的模拟,且能体现柱在加载过程中刚度、强度的变化,FRP加固量、轴压比、剪跨比对加固柱的承载力及破坏位移角有一定的影响。     

钢管混凝土拱桥四管与六管拱肋之比较

为了能更好的选取大跨度钢管混凝土拱桥拱肋的钢管数目及布置形式，根据国内已建成的钢管混凝土拱桥，构造了两座400m跨度，宽27．5m，拱轴线形一致的钢管混凝土桁式拱桥（一座为四管拱肋，另一座为六管拱肋），运用ANSYS软件建立了两个全桥模型，分析了它们的静力和动力特性，并讨论了拱肋刚度、含钢率和力学性能三者之间的关系．通过比较发现，六管优于四管．在满足结构要求和强度要求的前提下，对拱肋的刚度选取主要从静力方面考虑，用钢量相当时，采用含钢率大的拱肋形式．     

圆钢管全再生粗骨料混凝土柱抗震性能试验研究

为研究圆钢管全再生粗骨料混凝土柱的抗震性能,进行了圆钢管全再生粗骨料混凝土柱在竖向荷载和水平反复荷载下的拟静力试验,试验参数为含钢率和轴压比。通过各试件的破坏形态和破坏过程,分析了含钢率和轴压比对滞回曲线、刚度退化、耗能性能等抗震性能的影响。结果表明,钢管全再生粗骨料混凝土柱和普通圆钢管混凝土柱的破坏过程、破坏模式基本相同。含钢率越大,试件的水平承载力、延性越好;随着轴压比的增大,试件的水平承载力、耗能性能有增大的趋势,但试件的延性逐渐降低,可知圆钢管全再生粗骨料混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能。     

带附加气室空气弹簧等效刚度和等效阻尼高斯模型

[目的]研究带附加气室空气弹簧节流孔面积对弹簧振动特性参数的影响规律,为实现弹簧出力连续精确可调及后续车辆空气悬架系统的主动控制提供理论依据。[方法]以美国凡士通(Firestone)公司1T15M-2型膜式空气弹簧为试验对象,构建带附加气室的空气弹簧系统,研究初始气压及节流孔面积对弹簧振动特性参数的影响规律;通过试验结果对带附加气室空气弹簧的理论模型进行修正,将试验结果与理论模型进行比较;根据试验数据的分布规律,提出带附加气室空气弹簧等效刚度和等效阻尼的高斯模型,对试验结果进行高斯拟合,将试验曲线与拟合曲线进行比较,并通过对试验系统阻尼比计算精度的分析,验证高斯模型的正确性。[结果]试验结果表明:气压越大弹簧刚度越大,弹簧刚度随节流孔面积的增大而减小,阻尼随节流孔面积的增大先增大后减小;通过修正后的理论值与试验值存在较大误差;对高斯模型计算得到的等效阻尼比精度进行分析,表明高斯模型假设满足试验结果,且模型的计算精度高。[结论]带附加气室空气弹簧初始气压及节流孔面积对其刚度和阻尼有较明显的影响;所建高斯模型具有参数简单、误差较小的优点。     

方钢管再生混凝土柱的抗震性能试验及设计参数影响分析

为了定量分析不同因素对方钢管再生混凝土柱在低周反复荷载下抗震性能指标的影响,选择再生骨料取代率、含钢率和轴压比为设计变化参数,开展了4根框架柱的拟静力试验。详细观测了框架柱破坏过程中及破坏后的形态,分析了实测滞回曲线,探究了设计变化参数对框架柱承载力、刚度、位移延性系数及耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究表明,方钢管再生混凝土柱的破坏形态同普通钢管混凝土柱相类似,都是柱底部钢管鼓曲、漆皮脱落及核心混凝土被压碎;随着再生骨料取代率的增大,柱的不同阶段的承载力、刚度、延性性能及耗能能力均有所降低;含钢率的增大对试件的位移延性系数、承载力、刚度、耗能能力起到有益作用;随着轴压比的提高,试件的延性性能及耗能能力有所降低,但其极限承载力、刚度却有所增加。     

稻虾共作对稻田水体微生物多样性和群落结构的影响

为探究稻虾共作对稻田水体微生物多样性和群落结构的影响,基于16S rDNA扩增子高通量测序,结合生物信息分析,比较稻虾共作模式(RC)和水稻单作模式(RM)中水体微生物的多样性和群落结构.结果显示,RC中水体微生物的多样性极显著高于RM.水体微生物的群落结构在2种模式中差异显著,且水体理化性质,如总氮、亚硝酸盐氮等的含...     

施鸡粪对板结土壤理化性质及巨峰葡萄荧光特性的影响

土壤板结的葡萄园树势较弱,结果能力较差,为了使巨峰葡萄正常生长结果,对八年生巨峰葡萄园秋施腐熟鸡粪,研究了不同施用量对土壤理化性状和葡萄叶片叶绿素荧光参数的影响。结果表明:施入鸡粪进行土壤改良后,板结土壤葡萄园的土壤理化性质和肥力产生了较大的有益改变;原初光能转换效率(Fv/Fm)为处理J3(90m3·hm-2)J2(60m3·hm-2)J1(30m3·hm-2)CK(0);PI为处理J2J3J1CK,3个处理变化趋势相同,都随着强光、高温的出现表现出不同程度的光抑制;单位反应中心所捕获的能量(TRo/RC)表现为处理J2J1J3CK,且TRo/RC的日变化从早上开始随着温度和光强的增加而不断增大;电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)大小与施肥量呈正相关,随着施肥量增加光合电子传递的能力增强。单位反应中心耗散能量(DIo/RC)表现为CKJ3J1J2。研究得出,在土壤板结的巨峰葡萄园适宜施肥量为60m3·hm-2。     

遮光对松属3个树种幼树光合特性和荧光参数的影响

通过搭建遮光棚模拟空旷地(不遮光对照)、林隙(46%遮光)、林下(81%遮光)等3种光照环境,研究了黑松Pinus thunbergii,油松Pinus tabuliformis,赤松Pinus densiflora等幼树叶片光合特性和叶绿素荧光动力学特征随梯度光照强度的变化规律,以期了解3个树种对不同光环境的适应性对策,为华北地区人工林的天然更新及长期经营提供理论依据。结果表明:随着光照强度的降低,黑松幼树净光合速率(P_n),蒸腾速率(T_r),水分利用效率(E_WUE),性能指数(I_abs),质体醌库的面积(S_m),PSⅡ捕获的能量从Q_A传递到Q_B的效率(Ψ_O),PSⅡ捕获的能量从Q_B传递到PSⅠ的效率(Ψ_RE),单位反应中心吸收(ABS/RC)、捕获(TRo/RC)、用于电子传递(ETo/RC)的能量均减小。油松幼树净光合速率(P_n),水分利用效率(E_WUE),性能指数(I_abs),PSⅡ捕获的能量从QA传递到QB的效率(Ψ_O),PSⅡ捕获的能量从QB传递到PSⅠ的效率(Ψ_RE),单位反应中心吸收(ABS/RC)、捕获(TRo/RC)、用于电子传递(ETo/RC)的能量在46%遮光条件下达到最大值。赤松幼树光合特征参数及叶绿素荧光参数在不同遮光条件下差异不显著(P>0.05)。因此,赤松对弱光的利用能力最强,能够适应不同的光照环境;黑松在光照充足的环境中生长状况较好;油松适宜在轻度遮光的林隙环境中生长。     

常见重金属和农药对Bacillus pumilus WP8促生能力的影响

采用平板发芽生长方法,研究Cu、Pb、Zn、农用硫酸链霉素和乙草胺在各自建议浓度(Recommended concentration,RC)和2×RC下,Bacillus pumilus WP8对辣椒发芽生长的影响.结果表明,Cu和乙草胺在试验浓度下,辣椒均不发芽,WP8的存在未能缓解胁迫作用;Pb、Zn和农用硫酸链霉素在RC下,对WP8的促生能力,特别是根的伸长影响很小;2×RC下,Pb处理对WP8促生能力的影响依然较小,但Zn和农用硫酸链霉素处理对WP8促生能力的影响较大,但根的指标仍能达CK水平;WP8的生长状况和促生表现之间没有明显的相关性.     

Effects of conditioners (single-layer,double-layer and retention-conditioner) on the growth performance,meat quality and intestinal morphology of growing and finishing pigs

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of feed conditioners(single-layer, double-layer and retentionconditioner) on the growth performance, meat quality and intestinal morphology of pigs throughout the growing to finishing phase. A total of 96 growing pigs((28.70±3.20) kg) were selected and randomized into three treatment groups with four replicates per group. Eight pigs were used per replicate for the 17-week feeding trial. The grower diet was given at 0 to 6 weeks and a finisher diet was given at 6 to 17 weeks. The treatments were as follows: SC diet(control; single-layer conditioning), DC diet(double-layer conditioning), and RC diet(retention-conditioning). Starch gelatinization was significantly higher(P0.05) in the RC treatment than in the SC treatment, however, there was no significant difference in the starch gelatinization between the DC group and the RC group. In the growing phase, the feed to gain index(F:G) was significantly lower(P0.05) in the RC group than in the SC and DC groups. Between growing and finishing, the F:G was the lowest(P0.05) in the SC group compared to the RC or DC group. Drip loss, a measurement of meat quality, was significantly lower(P0.05) in longissimus dorsi tissue collected from pigs fed the RC diet than in tissues collected from pigs fed the SC diet. The intestinal quality of the duodenum and jejunum tissues showed a significant increase(P0.05) in the crypt depth and villus height in the RC group compared to the SC-or DC-treated pigs. These results demonstrated that the retentionconditioner treatment decreased the F:G in growing pigs, improved intestinal morphology and enhanced the meat quality in the finishing pigs. However, the retention-conditioner treatment had a negative impact on growth performance in the finishing pigs.     

稻虾共作磷素平衡特征及生态经济效益研究

为研究稻虾共作生态系统磷素平衡状况和利用效率,通过田间试验,采用投入产出法,设置3个处理:水稻单作(RM)、稻虾共作投食(RC feed 1)、稻虾共作不投食(RC feed 0),分析了稻虾共作种植模式下水稻产量、磷素平衡状况、利用效率、环境风险以及经济效益。研究结果表明:3种处理水稻产量无显著差异;农田磷平衡均表现为盈余,RC feed 0处理农田磷盈余低于RM和RC feed 1处理;与RM和RC feed 1处理相比较,RC feed 0处理水稻茎叶磷素吸收量显著增加(P0.05),磷素利用率较高。在种植前期(6—8月),RC feed 0处理较RC feed 1处理显著降低了稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度;在水稻收获时,3个处理间稻田田面水总磷和溶解磷的浓度无显著差异。与RM处理相比较,RC feed 0和RC feed 1处理净收入分别增加了54.22%和51.11%。在综合考虑水稻产量效应、磷素平衡、磷素环境风险和经济效益的条件下,稻虾共作不投食模式是一种资源利用率较高、环境风险较小、经济效益好的种养模式。     

Correlation between specific fine root length and mycorrhizal colonization of maize in different soil types

A pot experiment was conducted in a glass-house to investigate the correlation between specific fine root length (SFRL) and root colonization (RC) of maize inoculated with six arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in three soil types. The results showed that six AMF associated with maize presented different abilities in RC and effects on SFRL. In addition, there was a significant correlation between SFRL and RC of arbuscular mycorrhizal maize in Beijing soil (Cinnamon soil), but no significant correlation in Hubei soil (Brunisolic soil) and Guangdong soil (Red soil). It is concluded that mycorrhizal colonization decreased the SFRL of maize, and the correlation between SFRL and RC of mycorrhizal maize depended on soil type.     

关于RC梯形网络的实现问题

本文讨论了RC梯形网络的综合问题,证明了零点移位法在RC梯形网络展开时是完全有效的,给出了RC梯形网络可实现的充要条件.     

Effects of nitrogen management on the ratoon crop yield and head rice yield in South USA

Ratoon rice cropping is an important component of the rice cropping system in Texas and south Louisiana, USA, and expanded to Asian countries in 1970. Two field studies were conducted with widely planted rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars at Eagle Lake, Texas, USA to determine the effects of nitrogen(N) management in main(first) crop(MC) and ratoon(second) crop(RC) on RC yield. In 2012 and 2013, one cultivar(Presidio) was adopted to determine the effects of RC N management on ratoon yield and head rice yield. In 2016 and 2017, CL153, CL163 and CL272 in addition to Presidio were adopted to examine the effect of MC N management on ratoon yield and head rice yield. N applied at preflood after MC harvest considerably improved RC yield. Application of 99 kg N ha–1 at preflood after MC harvest was practically adequate for RC regrowth, development and approaching the yield potential for Presidio. RC could produce quite high average grain yields of 5.90 to 6.53 t ha–1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively. Main crop N rate only significantly affected MC yield; however, given N applied of 99 kg ha–1 at preflood after MC harvest, ratoon yield was not significantly affected by MC N rate. Neither the main nor ratoon crop N management had a significant effect on RC head rice yield. Considerable RC head rice yields(55–65%) were observed in all of the four cultivars and 4 years except for CL272 in 2016. These results indicat that without very high N fertilizer application, rice ratoon crop could produce a considerable grain yield and an expectative head rice yield. Rice ratooning could be a practical way to increase rice yields with the minimal input in south Texas and regions with a similar climate.     

Changes in paddy cropping system enhanced economic profit and ecological sustainability in central China

In China, the traditional early and late season double rice(DR) system is declining accompanied by the fast increase of two newly developed cropping systems: ratoon rice(RR) and rice–crawfish(RC). Three methodologies: economic analysis, emergy evaluation and life cycle assessment(LCA) were employed to evaluate the economics and sustainability of this paddy cropping system change. Economic analysis indicated that the income and profit of the RC system were far larger than those of RR and DR. The ...