提高种蛋孵化率的措施

孵化率的高低一直是种禽场和孵化场所关心的主要问题,它直接关系着种禽场和孵化场的经济效益。概括地说,孵化不良的原因有三个方面:即种禽饲养管理不当,种蛋保存不好和孵化条件不合适。因此,要提高种蛋孵化率应采取以下措施。1加强种禽饲养与管理1.1供给种禽全价配合饲料不但要满足种禽对能量,蛋白质的需要,还要注意矿物元素如:钙、磷、钠、氯、锰、锌等和维生素A、维生素D、维生素E及B族维生素中的维生素B1、B2、B6、B12、泛酸、生物素等的合理供给,因全价的营养是提高种蛋孵化率的物质基础。1.2科学管理给种禽提供适宜的环境条件,采用…     

提高孵化率及雏鸡质量的几项措施

孵化场是种鸡饲养效益的体现地，也是种禽场对外形象的一个窗口。孵化的任务是将受精种蛋尽可能多地变成优质雏鸡，取得好的经济效益。高的孵化率，好的雏鸡质量，要靠我们孵化工作者在孵化各环节的管理上下功夫，在实践中通过严抓细节管理，加强孵化条件控制，取得了很好的孵化效果。１种蛋来源健康种鸡是获得优质雏鸡的基础，种鸡的健康状况直接影响种蛋和雏鸡的质量。只有对种鸡群喂给营养全价的日粮、适时免疫、精心管理，才能保持种鸡健康良好的种用体况和繁殖能力，保证有高的产蛋率和种蛋受精率及孵化率。种鸡群的健康状况决定了种蛋…     

提高孵化率及雏鸡质量的几项措施

孵化场是种鸡饲养效益的体现地，也是种禽场对外形象的一个窗口。孵化的任务是将受精种蛋尽可能多地变成优质雏鸡，取得好的经济效益。高的孵化率、好的雏鸡质量，要靠孵化工作者在孵化各环节的管理上下功夫，在实践中通过严抓细节管理，加强孵化条件控制，取得良好的孵化效果。     

提高种蛋孵化率的综合措施

孵化场是种禽饲养效益的体现地。孵化率的高低直接影响到养禽生产者的经济效益，如何提高种蛋的孵化率，获得品质优良的雏禽是孵化从业人员一直追求的目标。本文从生产角度分析了影响种蛋孵化率的4个因素，提出了提高种蛋孵化率的相应措施。     

影响禽种蛋孵化率的因素分析

种蛋的孵化率受种禽健康状况、种蛋质量、饲料营养、孵化条件和饲养管理等很多方面的影响.目前,鸡在我国禽类养殖中占的比重越来越大,而鸡胚孵化率又是影响养鸡业尤其是种蛋场效益的关键因素,因此提高种蛋孵化率降低雏鸡成本,具有重要的经济意义.     

提高孵化率及鸡雏质量的几项措施

孵化场是种鸡饲养效益的体现地，也是种禽场对外形象的一个窗口。孵化的任务是将受精种蛋尽可能多地变成优质雏鸡，取得好的经济效益。高的孵化率，好的雏鸡质量，要靠我们孵化工作者在孵化各环节的管理上下功夫，我们在实践中通过严抓细节管理，加强孵化条件控制，取得了很好的孵化效果，借本文介绍给大家，希望对实际生产有所帮助。１种蛋来源健康种鸡是获得优质雏鸡的基础，种鸡的健康状况直接影响种蛋和雏鸡的质量。只有对种鸡群喂给营养全价的日粮、适时免疫、精心管理，才能保持种鸡健康良好的种用体况和繁殖能力，保证有高的产蛋率和…     

提高鸡种蛋孵化效果的关键技术

高而稳定的孵化率是种鸡场、孵化场乃至饲养者永远追求的目标。孵化效果受种鸡的饲养管理、种蛋管理和孵化场管理等多方面的影响。本文通过分析胚胎发育、胚胎死亡以及影响孵化效果的诸多因素,提出了一些综合性的措施,以提高鸡种蛋的孵化效果。     

种蛋入孵前的综合管理技术

孵化率是种鸡场和孵化场最为重要的技术指标,它直接影响一个场的经济效益。除了种鸡的品种和饲养管理水平、孵化技术外,种蛋的孵化前管理也是影响孵化率的重要因素之一。为了提高孵化率,本文对种蛋的收集、选择、储存、消毒等环节进行了总结和研究。1收集种蛋种鸡产蛋后越早收集越好。每天收集种蛋至少4次。及时收集种蛋既可减少污染和破损,又可避免因温度过高或过低对鸡胚产生不良影响。因此每天产出的蛋要及时收集,不应留在产蛋箱中过夜。     

提高种蛋孵化技术的关键措施

孵化率是种鸡场和孵化场最为关心的问题,它直接影响一个场的经济效益,除了种鸡的品种和饲养管理水平、种蛋的孵前管理外,孵化技术是影响孵化率的重要因素之一,现就其各环节所采取的技术措施总结如下,供参考。1入孵前的准备(1)在孵化前1天开机,检查和调试孵化机。     

提高种蛋孵化率六要点

影响孵化率的首要因素是种蛋质量，其次是孵化条件，因此加强种鸡和种蛋管理，对于提高种蛋孵化率极为重要。一、选留健壮的种鸡。各种疾病均能影响种鸡产蛋率和种蛋孵化率，因此应加强疾病防治，选留健康无病者作为种用。种母鸡刚开产时，种蛋较小，蛋壳厚，不易孵化Z种鸡65周龄后，产的蛋较大，蛋壳薄，易失水，胚胎早期死亡多，孵化率低i因此，孵化场直选留26－65周龄的健壮种鸡。二、供给全公配合饲料，防止饲料霉变和维生素缺乏。饲料中维生素的含量对种鸡产蛋率和种蛋孵化率影响很大，饲料中缺乏维生素可使种蛋孵化率大幅下降。饲料…     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …