杏大棚生态环境因子变化规律的研究

对延津县杏塑料大棚内的光照、温度及湿度的观测表明，2～5月的旬平均光照强度为7．6～25．9klx，旬平均气温为13．5～26．0℃，旬平均相对湿度为55．42％～80.3％，气温与地温呈明显的上升趋势；晴天的光照、温度均高于阴天；中午的透光率高于早晨和下午，晴天的光照、气温、地温是先升后降，而相对湿度则是先降后升，峰值和谷值多出现在12：00～14：00。     

赞比亚引种试种草菇栽培设施建造

对自行设计的草菇栽培设施在自然状态下的保温和稳温效果进行初步研究发现,自行设计的草菇栽培设施,在干冷季节可以缩短5~7℃的温差,平均温度棚内比棚外高出4.5℃;干热季节可以缩短5~9℃的温差,平均温度棚内比棚外高出10℃;湿热季节可以缩短4~7℃的温差,棚内平均温度比棚外平均温度高出9℃。发现栽培设施可缩短4~9℃的温差。设施内平均温度可比设施外平均温度高4.5~10℃。3个季节棚内温度整体是随着棚外温度的升高而升高,随着棚外温度的下降而下降,但升温和降温过程比较缓慢,保温、稳温效果明显,可用于草菇的设施化栽培。     

大棚樱桃扣棚后温、湿、气的调控措施

1 温度 1．1 棚温 樱桃大棚内的温度主要依靠开闭通风口和揭盖草苫来调控。1）扣膜后至萌芽期。扣膜后，要逐步增加白天拉起草帘的数量，使大棚内逐渐升温0白天由开始的11-12℃逐渐上升到18-20℃，夜间温度由0℃逐渐上升到3-5℃，这个过程大约需要10d，此后便进入萌芽开花期。2）萌芽至盛花期。从萌芽到开花，白天气温维持18～20℃，夜间6～7℃。花期白天20-22℃，最高不要超过25℃；夜间5～7℃为宜。这段时期对气温非常敏感，要随时观察棚内温度变化情况，     

复合菌剂在设施园艺上的应用

秸秆反应堆技术利于大棚生产,应用复合菌剂发酵秸秆反应堆旨在进一步优化棚内农作物生长环境,完善大棚生产。此项研究选用公主岭市农户家的两个蔬菜大棚为试验基地,以传统种植方式为对照,研究了复合菌剂发酵秸秆反应堆技术对蔬菜大棚温度增幅、水分利用率、化肥和农药施用量的影响。结果显示,与传统种植方式大棚相比,复合菌剂发酵秸秆反应堆可显著提高棚内温度,从201O年1～5月,棚内地温在8：00、14：00、20：00平均增加2．79℃、3．0℃、3．57℃,平均气温分别增加1．65℃、1．0℃、2．0℃;水分利用率提高47％;追肥用量减少25％;农药使用次数显著减少。复合菌剂发酵秸秆反应堆能提高徒作物秸秆的循环利用率,减少大棚内水、化肥、农药使用量,显著提高棚内温度,增加蔬菜产量、质量和效益。     

桂南地区冬季单栋塑料大棚小气候特征分析

对单栋塑料大棚内外的冬季小气候条件进行观测,并且分析棚内小气候特征.分析结果表明,棚内透光率为70%～80%,阴天较高,晴天较低;棚内日平均气温增温1.3～1.9℃,最高气温增温3.9～8.4℃,最低气温增温0.8～1.3℃,棚内日较差高于棚外2.7～7.1℃,晴天及多云天夜间出现0.2～0.9℃的"温度逆转"现象;棚内0,5,10,15,20 cm各土层地温平均增温2.8～3.6℃;棚内地表最高温度增温0.1～3.6℃,最低温度增温2.2-5.2℃.日较差大于棚外-5.1～2.2℃,晴天12:00棚内0 cm地温出现0.5℃的"温度逆转"现象;棚内日平均相对湿度高于棚外10%～23%.     

大棚冬草莓田间管理技术

1、保温:北方地区9月下旬至10月上中旬开始扣膜保温,冬草莓除大棚、小拱棚双重覆盖保温外,还可采用叶面覆盖等保温措施。 2、温湿度管理:定植后初期要求白天维持25℃～30℃,夜间以12℃～17℃为宜,有利于提早开花结果。结果期白天棚温不超过20℃～25℃,夜间不低于5℃(温度调控目标为10℃)。相对湿度以50%左右为宜,以换气透风来调节湿度。在采收盛期,果实膨大时需水量大,应根据气候情况,增加浇水量。采用滴灌方式,每次每666.7m2大棚需水量4m3～6m3,使5～8cm的土层呈湿润状态。 3、追肥:掌握薄肥勤施的原则,一般用0.5%复合肥进行浇施,定…     

太谷地区日光温室温湿度年变化规律的研究

研究了在典型晴天条件下,太谷地区全年中温室内温度和湿度的变化情况。结果表明:温室内的温度和相对湿度日变化趋势大体一致,温度最低值和湿度最高值同时出现在7:00~9:00,温度最高值和湿度最低值同时出现在14:00~16:00。全年中温度的季节变化较明显,在不通风的条件下,春季和秋季的温度相对稳定,24 h日均温分别为19.5℃和15.7℃;夏季日均温达到30.5℃,其中观察日内最高温可达到59.2℃,昼夜温差达到42.1℃;冬季温度较低,日均温在12℃左右,观察日内温度低于10℃的时间在10 h以上,出现明显的低温。从空气相对湿度(RH)最高值、最低值的持续时间和日均值来看,以冬季、春季较高,接近100%,85%以上的高湿时间持续15~16 h,RH日均值分别为82%、80%;夏季温室相对湿度日变化幅度最大,最高值与最低值之间相差72%,日均值为64%,但是白天RH低于40%,并且持续时间达10 h左右;秋季RH差值最小,最高值为75%,最高、最低差值为42%,日均值为57%。     

桃树日光温室栽培中的温度调控

1日光温室温度变化特点 1．1气温 1）受天气影响大。晴天,室内平均气温增加很多,即使在严寒的冬季,白天棚内气温仍可达到20～30℃;阴雨天,棚内气温较低,室内外差异不大。一天中,上午9：00-11：00气温上升速度最快,每小时可升高7～10℃。棚内最高温度出现在13：00,14：00后棚温开始下降。     

大棚草莓的秋冬管理

1温度管理9月下旬至10月上旬开始扣膜保温,冬季草莓除大棚、小拱棚双重覆盖保温外,还可采用叶面覆盖等保温措施。定植后初期温湿度管理要求白天维持25~30℃,夜间以12~17℃为宜。结果期白天棚温不超过20~25℃,夜间不低于5℃(温度调控目标为10℃)。相对湿度以50%左右为宜,以换气透风来调节湿度。2追肥管理掌握薄肥勤施原则,用0.5%复合肥进行浇施,定植活棵后施1次轻肥,到采收20天左右再追肥1次,还可用0.2%磷酸二氢钾加0.4%尿素进行根外追肥。     

日光温室杏栽培管理工作历

物候期主要工作内容落叶期至休眠期( 1 0月下旬至 1 2月中旬 )①剪去无效枝 ,调节树体结构 ,平衡树势 ,合理整形 ;　②清除枯枝落叶 ,刮除树上老翘皮 ,减少病虫源 ;　③利用棚膜、草帘进行反保温 ( 1 1月初、外界气温 0℃～ 1 0℃ ) ,控制棚内温度在 0℃～ 7℃ ,湿度 75 %左右     

Effect of storage temperature on apple volatiles associated with low temperature breakdown

Jonathan apples were stored at temperatures from —1° to 10 °C, and the rate of loss of volatiles from the fruit and the amounts of volatiles remaining in the fruit were measured over a period of 12 weeks.

Fruit stored at —1 °C retained the greatest amount of acetic acid. At 0° and 2.5 °C the amount retained was also high, but at 5° and 10 °C it was very low. The loss of butyl, isopentyl and hexyl acetates was highest at 10 °C and decreased markedly with decreasing temperature.

It is suggested that low temperature breakdown does not occur at higher temperatures because the increased loss of acetate as esters results in a reduction of the amount of acetic acid available to produce the disorder.     

The constant temperature equivalent

Since the rate of most biological processes is not linearly related to temperature over the entire range of temperatures observed during field experiments, it is felt that the mean temperature should not be used as a measure of the fluctuating temperatures in the field. The constant temperature equivalent is designed to be a measure of fluctuating temperatures that will enable the rate of biological processes in the field to be directly compared with the rate observed in laboratory experiments at constant temperatures. Although the expressions involved in its calculation appear complicated, it is shown that the constant temperature equivalent can, in fact, be fairly easily calculated without the aid of a computer.     

Effect of temperature on photosynthesis of lettuce adapted to different light and temperature conditions

Gas exchange of lettuce plants, pre-grown in growth chambers at different irradiances (18, 37, 70 W m^?2) and temperatures (6, 14, 22°C) were measured in the range of 2–22°C. In weak light (18 W m^?2) there was no increase in CO₂ uptake above 2°C, and even in 70 W m^?2 the highest rates were obtained at about 10°C only. The response of net photosynthesis of lettuce to temperature is diminished as a result of morphological plant adaptations, i.e. specific leaf area or top-to-root weight ratio. The temperature optimum for dry-matter production is much higher than that for CO₂ uptake. Therefore, photosynthesis is an unsuitable criterion for temperature control in greenhouses.     

矮壮素对小白菜高温半致死温度及耐热性的影响

为研究不同浓度矮壮素对小白菜高温半致死温度及耐热性的效果,用100～600 mg·L-1矮壮素并以清水作对照,喷施小白菜叶片.以叶片为试验材料,用35～70℃的高温处理,根据相对电导率配合Logistic方程,求得半致死温度(LT50),同时测定田间高温热害指数.结果表明,6个矮壮素及清水(CK)处理的半致死温度(LT...     

The effects of day and night temperature on Chrysanthemum morifolium: investigating the safe limits for temperature integration

Summary

The impact of day and night temperatures on pot chrysanthemum (cultivars ‘Covington’ and ‘Irvine’) was assessed by exposing cuttings, stuck in weeks 39, 44, and 49, to different temperature regimes in short-days. Glasshouse heating set-points of 12°, 15°, 18°, and 21°C, were used during the day, with venting at 2°C above these set-points. Night temperatures were then automatically manipulated to ensure that all of the treatments achieved similar mean diurnal temperatures. Plants were grown according to commercial practice and the experiment was repeated over 2 years. Increasing the day temperature from approx. 19°C to 21°C, and compensating by reducing the night temperature, did not have a significant impact on flowering time, although plant height was increased. This suggests that a temperature integration strategy which involves higher vent temperatures, and exploiting solar gain to give higher than normal day temperatures, should have minimal impact on crop scheduling. However, lowering the day-time temperature to approx. 16°C, and compensating with a warmer night, delayed flowering by up to 2 weeks. Therefore, a strategy whereby, in Winter, more heat is added at night under a thermally-efficient blackout screen may result in flowering delays. Transfers between the temperature regimes showed that the flowering delays were proportional to the amount of time spent in a low day-time temperature regime. Plants flowered at the same time, irrespective of whether they were transferred on a 1-, 2-, or 4-week cycle.     

Effect of reducing the infrared radiation of sunlight on greenhouse temperature,leaf temperature,growth and yield

Infrared radiation, which is responsible for leaf temperatures that exceed the optimal for photosynthesis, was reduced by absorption in an aqueous CuSO₄ solution. A small greenhouse was constructed of double acryl plates through which a 0.5% CuSO₄ solution was circulated for infrared radiation filtration and cooling. The air temperature in this greenhouse never exceeded 30° C and the leaf temperature of the plants grown in this house was 10% lower than in a glass greenhouse. The yield of tomato plants grown in the acryl greenhouse, with infrared radiation filtration and receiving CO₂ enrichment during the entire light period, was not significantly increased as compared with the yield in the glass greenhouse with a similar CO₂ concentration. This may have been due to long periods with low light levels caused by extremely rainy and cloudy weather conditions, and by condensation on the inside surfaces of the acryl greenhouse caused by the high humidity.     

Low temperature effect on lettuce seed germination

The continuous application of low temperature, under dark conditions, which stimulates germination of photoblastic lettuce seeds (Lactuca sativa L., ‘Grand Rapids’), can be minimized to the second 24 h-period of imbibition.     

贮藏保鲜与‘南果梨’的产业化

<正>‘南果梨’是鞍山地区的特产,由于品质极优、效益较高,已被周边地区广泛栽培。但由于‘南果梨’有后熟特性,极不耐贮藏,采后自然条件下只能存放25d左右,货架期极短,出现采收集中、上市集中、增产不增效的现象,不但制约了‘南果梨’生产的发展,也影响‘南果梨’加工业的发展,农业增效难,农民增收难。自从千山区农业技术推广中心与沈阳农业大学联合攻关完成‘南果梨’恒温贮藏保鲜的开发研究之后,解决了‘南果梨’的贮藏保鲜问题,使‘南果梨’的产业化发展才有了可能。     

Effect of temperature on dormancy in strawberry

Early in autumn, at the end of September or at the beginning of October, strawberry plants of the cultivars ‘Glasa’ and ‘Tioga’ were transferred from outdoors to separate phytotron glasshouses at constant temperatures of 10° and 14°C. In November a number of these plants were chilled at 3°C for 0 to 4 weeks and subsequently forced; the rest remained at 10° and 14°C until June.The plants kept at 10°C and subsequently chilled and forced, grew faster and more vigorously than those pretreated at 14°C. The 14° plants showed more pronounced growth differences resulting from the length of the chilling treatments than did the 10° plants. Those remaining continuously at 10° developed vigorously from March onwards, while those at 14°C retained their flat appearance into June. These results showed that a continuous temperature as high as 10°C was still able to break dormancy in the strawberry plants, while 14°C was ineffective.     

Flowering of cacao under controlled temperature conditions

The relationship between flowering and day and night temperatures in cacao has been studied over a period of nine months in controlled environment rooms, with clonal trees which were 13 months old at the start of the experiment.

All the plants started to flower at the same time, but thereafter there was a marked response to temperature. Flowering was greater at day temperatures of 80° and 86° F. (26 .7°, 30° C.) than at day temperatures of 74° F. (23–3° C.) and, at each level of day temperature, flowering was greater at a night temperature of 80° F. than at one of 74° or 86° F. The relative effects of temperature were similar on numbers of flowering cushions per plant and of flowers per cushion.

There was no apparent relationship bfetween the amount of flowering and new leaves (flushes) produced, either at the time of flowering or at any period before. Neither was there a quantitative relationship between flowering and leaf area of the plants, though, in general, the treatments that resulted in the greatest leaf areas also resulted in the greatest numbers of flowers. A possible relationship was suggested between the number of flowering cushions and the total extension growth of the branches.