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木材不仅仅是一种具有可持续、可再生、可生物降解的环境友好型材料,同时具有多级的层次结构、优良的各向异性、多样的化学性能等优点。随着纳米技术及其他先进技术的发展,通过简单的设计制备方法,直接对木材进行自上而下的组装,得到具有功能性的木质材料,打破了木材在实际应用上的局限性,并有希望替代传统的玻璃、塑料等难降解材料。笔者综述了在原木基础上通过对木材成分去除、孔道修饰以及高温碳化等方法处理,赋予木材在不同领域以新应用的相关研究成果;介绍了近年来功能性木材在污水处理、太阳能海水淡化、储能元件、电子器件以及建筑上的应用,并对在应用过程中亟待解决的问题进行了分析;最后对木材科学的发展提出了自己的观点,认为虽然木材在应用上取得了较大突破,但在基础研究上还需要更加深入,木质功能材料走向商业化还面临很大挑战。 相似文献
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透明木材是一种新型工程复合材料,具有良好的光学特性和优异的机械性能。根据所填充聚合物类型的不同,可将透明木材应用于透明建筑节能材料、电子器件、阻燃、光学等领域。本文从机理、制备工艺、透明木材改性与应用等方面归纳分析了近年来透明木材的相关研究成果,着重分析并总结了透明木材的光学合成机理,及其功能化改良,论述了透明木材在功能化材料等方面的应用。最后,对透明木材现存问题进行了讨论,以期对透明木材未来的研究提供理论基础。 相似文献
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对木材表面进行颜色功能性改良是提高木材使用价值的重要途径.文中总结传统木材染色和诱导变色工艺的发展现状及存在的问题,提出利用结构色进行颜色改良是一种清洁无污染的生态仿生着色技术,综述其在木质材料领域中的研究现状,并从木质材料表面结构色构筑及机理、木质材料表面结构色的光响应及界面机理、木质材料表面仿生结构色薄膜大规模应用... 相似文献
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Xianai Huang Duygu Kocaefe Yasar Kocaefe Yaman Boluk Andre Pichette 《Wood Science and Technology》2012,46(6):1215-1237
Effect of artificial weathering on the wettability of three heat-treated North American wood species (jack pine, aspen, and birch) is studied from the point of view of the structural and chemical changes taking place on the wood surface. Weathering increases wettability of all three heat-treated woods by water. Changes in wettability during artificial weathering differ according to heat treatment procedure and wood species and are likely due to combination of structural and chemical changes of the surfaces. Scanning electron microscopic analysis indicates that cracks form due to degradation taking place during weathering. As a result, water has easier entry into the cell wall, which consequently increases wettability. IR spectra suggest that the OH/CH2 ratio for heat-treated specimens is inversely proportional to the contact angle regardless of the type of wood species. The presence of cellulose-rich layer on wood surface and increasing amount of amorphous cellulose transformed from crystallized cellulose due to weathering result in increase in hydroxyl; consequently, it increases heat-treated wood wettability. 相似文献
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Possibility of improvement in fundamental properties of wood of acacia hybrids by artificial hybridization 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Nguyen Tu Kim Junji Matsumura Kazuyuki Oda Nguyen Viet Cuong 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(1):8-12
Growth, specific gravity, and wood fiber length of Acacia mangium, Acacia auriculiformis, artificial acacia hybrid clones, and combinations, which were planted in a trial forest in Bavi, Vietnam, in July 2001,
were examined. The radial variations from pith to bark were investigated to clarify the effect of genetic factors on these
traits. Superiority of hybrids over their parents ranged from 36.3% to 41.6% for diameter, from 20.0% to 25.3% for height,
from 6.9% to 20.7% for specific gravity, and from 6.1% to 12.8% for wood fiber length. The hybrid possessed heterosis in diameter,
height, specific gravity, and wood fiber length regardless of whether the female parent was A. mangium or A. auriculiformis. The profiles of wood fiber length and specific gravity in the radial direction were similar for all the trees investigated.
Wood fiber length was initially 0.5–0.6 mm near the pith and then increased slowly, finally reaching 1.0–1.2 mm near the bark.
The specific gravity of acacia increased from 0.49–0.58 near the pith to 0.63–0.74 near the bark. From a relative distance
of 30% from the pith, the specific gravity increased slightly and seemed to be stable. The relations among tree diameter,
specific gravity, and wood fiber length were fair and could be represented by positive linear regression formulas. Hybrids
for which A. auriculiformis was the female parent and A. mangium was the male parent had a faster growth rate and longer wood fibers than the inverse hybrids.
Part of this report was presented at the 6th Pacific Regional Wood Anatomy Conference, Kyoto, Japan, December 2005 相似文献
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木材耐久性超疏水表面构建研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
木材作为一种天然可再生材料,富含亲水性基团且孔隙结构发达,因而具有很强的吸湿/水能力,易发生变形、开裂、腐朽等问题。基于“荷叶效应”原理,仿生构建木材超疏水表面是有效隔离木材与水分接触,赋予木材防水、防污、自清洁等优良特性的木材功能性改良新途径。然而超疏水木材在实际应用中不可避免地要受到刮擦磨损、阳光辐射、化学腐蚀等外界因素的影响,容易造成表面微/纳米粗糙结构的破坏或低表面能物质的降解,从而导致超疏水性能的降低或丧失,限制了超疏水木材的实际应用,因此设法提高木材表面超疏水涂层的机械稳定性和耐久性是亟待解决的关键问题。笔者首先分析了木材超疏水表面耐久性差的主要原因,介绍了木材超疏水表面耐久性能的测试方法,重点综述了木材耐久性超疏水表面的构建策略及其最新研究进展,最后对超疏水木材研究中存在的一些问题及发展趋势进行了总结和展望。 相似文献
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利用聚乙烯醇缩甲醛改性剂对杨树木材进行浸渍改性,对其改性材的尺寸稳定性进行研究。结果表明:改性材的径向、弦向和体积干缩率与素材相比均有不同程度的下降;从全干到吸水饱和状态的过程中,当改性剂达到一定浓度时,改性材的径向、体积湿胀率与素材相比有明显下降,弦向线湿胀率下降不明显。从气干到吸水饱和状态的过程中,改性材的径向、弦向湿胀率与素材相比均有不同程度的下降;改性材体积湿胀率随着改性剂浓度的上升而呈下降趋势,当改性剂浓度为30%时,改性材体积湿胀率为6.85%,与素材相比下降了5.54%。改性材吸水率随改性剂浓度的上升而下降,最低可达159%;改性材的抗干缩系数(ASE)随改性剂浓度上升而增加,最大可达47.8%。改性材的尺寸稳定性能要明显优于杨树素材。 相似文献
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Inthe21stcentury,thewoodsupplyinChinawillcontinLJetobelessthanthedemand,soChinawillneedtousewoodasetfectivelyasPossible.Theuseotwoodcompositesisaveryefficientwaytosavewood.ChinalackssLJfficientforeststomeetitsdemandforwood,especiallyinfinequalitywoods.BecauseofChina'spopulationandfiberdemand,efficientuseofwoocJismoreimportanttoChinathanthattosomeothercoLJntries.However,Chinawasneitherconvincedofthisandnordiditpayattentiontothestudyofwoodcompositesbeforethe1970's.FacingthewoodcrisisChinaf… 相似文献
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智能响应材料需具备3个基本要素,即感知、驱动和控制,在全球新材料研究领域中,仿生智能响应材料是目前世界各国技术战略发展中的竞争热点。木材是一种天然且可再生的生物质材料,具有良好的结构和功能特性。作为人类使用最早的材料,木材具有轻质、美观、生物调节等优良特性,是绿色环境人体健康的贡献者。木材的纤维素、半纤维素和木质素构成了木材精妙的微结构同时提供了许多官能团,为木材仿生智能材料的合成奠定了优良的基础。本文简要介绍了木质仿生智能响应材料的研究进展,综述了pH值、气体、光、机械力、湿度、温度和双重/多重刺激响应木质材料的制备、性能与潜在应用;重点介绍并总结了以木质材料为基材的仿生智能响应材料的发展现状。 相似文献
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用速生银杏木材和杨木为材料,大豆蛋白胶为胶粘剂制造成的胶合板,它不仅环保,而且银杏胶合板还能起到对人体有益的作用。此种产品主要用在名贵家具、茶叶及其他食品包装等方面,因此对其进行防霉性能的研究是很有必要的。作者对银杏木材胶合板的防霉特性进行了研究,为其在木材加工行业的应用提供了一定的理论基础。 相似文献