日粮中添加NCG对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊子宫内膜层及胎儿发育的影响

为了研究日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对妊娠前期鄂尔多斯细毛羊子宫内膜层及胎儿发育的影响,试验选择受孕鄂尔多斯细毛羊母羊40只,随机分为3组:NCG1组饲喂基础日粮+0.30 g NCG/d(n=13),NCG2组饲喂基础日粮+0.40 g NCG/d(n=13),对照组饲喂基础日粮(n=14),开展妊娠期0 d至90 d的饲喂试验。结果表明:妊娠期第90 d,NCG1组胎儿肺脏重显著高于对照组,NCG2组胎儿肝脏重显著高于对照组(P0.05);妊娠期第17天,NCG1组母羊子宫内膜OPN基因表达量显著高于NCG2组(P0.05)和对照组(P0.01),NCG2组母羊子宫内膜Integrinαvβ3基因表达量显著高于对照组(P0.05);妊娠期第90 d,NCG2组和NCG1组胎儿肾脂肪BMP7(P0.05)和UCP-1基因表达量显著高于对照组(P0.01),而NCG1组(P0.01)胎儿肾脂肪PGC-1α基因表达量显著低于对照组,NCG2组(P0.01)胎儿肾脂肪PRDM16基因表达量显著低于对照组。在本试验条件下,妊娠前期日粮中添加NCG有效促进了鄂尔多斯细毛羊妊娠识别、早期胚胎定植和子宫内膜层发育,保障了胎儿早期程序化健康生长。     

瘤胃保护性精氨酸及N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对细毛羊肠道黏膜蛋白质合成率的影响

本试验旨在探讨不同水平瘤胃保护性精氨酸(Arg)及N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对细毛羊肠黏膜蛋白质合成率的影响。选用15只体况良好,平均体重为(25.00±3.39)kg的5月龄半同胞羯鄂尔多斯细毛羊断奶羔羊随机分成5组,分别为基础饲粮组(1组,对照组)、基础饲粮+0.15 g/d NCG组(2组)、基础饲粮+0.20 g/d NCG组(3组)、基础饲粮+1.50 g/d Arg组(4组)、基础饲粮+2.00 g/d Arg组(5组)。进行45 d饲喂以后,试验羊空腹12 h后一次性大剂量灌注L-苯丙氨酸,90 min后采集十二指肠和空肠黏膜,检测小肠黏膜蛋白质合成率。结果表明:试验组的十二指肠与空肠黏膜的蛋白质合成率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。在各试验组中,3组、4组、5组同1组相比提高幅度较大,其中4组显著高于其他试验组(P<0.05),而3组和5组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。结果提示,添加不同水平的瘤胃保护性Arg及NCG对肠道黏膜蛋白质合成率具有提高作用,分别以1.50 g/d Arg和0.20 g/d NCG 2个剂量较好。     

NCG对生长育肥猪生长性能及经济效益的影响

本研究旨在探讨日粮中添加不同水平N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对生长育肥猪生长性能及年出栏十万头猪场经济效益的影响。试验选用健康的平均初始体重为(78±10)kg的"杜×长×大"三元杂交阉割公猪168头,随机分为4组,分别饲喂基础日粮+0kg/吨NCG(对照组)、基础日粮+0.5kg/吨NCG(0.05%NCG组)、基础日粮+1kg/吨NCG(0.1%NCG组)和基础日粮+1.5kg/吨NCG(0.15%NCG组),每个处理6个重复,每个重复7头猪。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,添加0.05%NCG组育肥猪净增重提高3.21 kg(P0.05),日增重增加80g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.21(P0.05);0.1%NCG组净增重提高4.28 kg(P0.05),日增重增加107 g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.33(P0.05);0.15%NCG组净增重提高3.12 kg(P0.05),日增重增加78 g(P0.05),料肉比降低0.24(P0.05);2)相比对照组,0.1%和0.15%NCG组的背膘厚和眼肌深度分别在数值上降低和升高,但均差异不显著(P0.05);3)日粮添加0.1%NCG每年能提高十万头猪场532.8万元的经济效益。综上所述,日粮添加NCG能有效提高生长育肥猪的生长性能,NCG添加量为0.1%时具有最高性价比。     

妊娠早期饲粮添加不同水平N-氨甲酰谷氨酸改善母羊产羔性能的研究

旨在研究妊娠早期饲喂不同水平N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(N-carbamylglutamate,NCG)对母羊产羔性能及相关血液指标的影响.选用2～3胎次湖羊160只,随机分为4组,每组40只母羊,自配种当天(记为妊娠第0天)开始,分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.05％NCG、基础饲粮+0.08％NCG、基础饲粮+0....     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对泌乳奶牛血浆转录组的影响

试验旨在探究日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸（NCG）对奶牛血浆转录组的影响。试验选取体况、胎次、泌乳天数、产奶量相近的泌乳中期荷斯坦奶牛240头,随机分为2组,每组10个重复,每个重复12头牛。对照组（NCG组）奶牛饲喂基础日粮,试验组（NCG0组）奶牛饲喂基础日粮+20 g/(头·d) NCG。预试期15 d,正式试验期45 d。结果显示,添加NCG显著上调了与奶牛生产性能、繁殖性能相关的成纤维细胞生长因子受体2(FGFR2)、溶质载体家族7成员4 (SLC7A4)、精子赤道段蛋白1 (SPESP1)、透明带糖蛋白2 (ZP2)等基因。FGFR2上调显著调控PI3K-Akt信号通路、哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）,间接促进蛋白质合成和沉积。添加NCG可通过上调氮素代谢通路影响尿素循环和氨基酸代谢。研究表明,日粮中添加NCG可能通过调节奶牛机体内信号通路和尿素循环影响乳蛋白的合成。     

补喂N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对种公牛精浆激素水平及精液品质的影响

本试验旨在探讨在新疆褐牛种公牛日粮中添加不同水平N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对其精浆激素水平及射精量和精液品质的影响。将20头新疆褐牛种公牛随机分为4组,每组5头,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组和试验Ⅲ组在基础日粮中每天分别添加15 g、30 g、45 g NCG,试验期为90 d。试验期内每周对试验牛进行采精,并测定其射精量、精子密度和精子活力;试验期第0、30、60和90 d对种公牛精液进行采集,并检测精浆中精氨酸、尿素和NO含量。结果发现,种公牛日粮中添加不同水平NCG,其射精量和精液品质均优于对照组;45 g/d N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)的添加量,能够显著提高新疆褐牛种公牛精液品质。种公牛日粮中添加45 g/d NCG试验至90 d,可有效提高种公牛精浆中精氨酸和NO含量,降低尿素浓度。     

饲粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

试验旨在研究日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对奶牛泌乳性能及牛奶质量的影响。试验选择77头泌乳后期澳洲荷期坦奶牛,分为2组,试验组(A组)饲养在43舍,每头奶牛饲喂NCG 20 g/d;对照组(B组)饲养在15舍,日粮中未添加NCG。通过40 d的试验,表明日粮中添加NCG可有效抑制泌乳阶段奶牛泌乳量的递减速度,提高牛奶中乳脂率和蛋白率,有改善奶牛泌乳性能的功效。     

NCG对大骨鸡公鸡育成期繁殖机能的影响

试验研究饲粮中添加不同水平的NCG对发育期大骨鸡公鸡的繁殖机能的影响.选取48只11周龄大骨鸡,随机分为4组,每组12只.对照组(C组)大骨鸡饲喂基础日粮,试验组(N1、N2、N3组)分别在基础日粮中添加0.08％、0.12％、0.16％ NCG.结果 显示,饲粮中添加NCG对大骨鸡血液中总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)...     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸与牛磺酸对公猪精液品质、血清激素指标及精浆抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)与牛磺酸(Tau)对公猪精液品质、血清激素指标、精浆蛋白含量及抗氧化能力的影响。选取18月龄、体重相近的健康大约克公猪20头,随机分为4组,每组5个重复,每个重复1头猪。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮(对照组)、基础饲粮+0.2%NCG(NCG组)、基础饲粮+0.6%牛磺酸(Tau组)、基础饲粮+0.2%NCG+0.6%牛磺酸(NCG+Tau组)。试验期100 d。结果表明:1)试验56~100 d,与对照组比较,饲粮中添加NCG、Tau及NCG+Tau公猪射精反应时间极显著降低(P0.01),射精持续时间极显著提高(P0.01)。主效应分析结果表明,试验56~100 d,饲粮中添加NCG可显著提高采精量(P0.05),饲粮中添加Tau或Tau+NCG可显著提高精子活力(P0.05),饲粮中添加NCG可显著降低精子畸形率(P0.05);2)试验56~100 d,与对照组比较,饲粮中添加NCG或NCG+Tau可极显著提高血清促卵泡素(FSH)含量(P0.01),饲粮中添加NCG+Tau可极显著提高血清黄体生成素(LH)和睾酮(T)含量(P0.01)。3)主效应分析结果表明,饲粮中添加NCG后精浆总蛋白(TP)含量显著提高(P0.05),饲粮中添加Tau后精浆白蛋白(ALB)含量显著提高(P0.05)。4)主效应分析结果表明,试验56~100 d,饲粮中添加NCG可显著提高精浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性(P0.05),饲粮中添加NCG或Tau后精浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性显著提高(P0.05)。综合分析,饲粮中添加NCG与Tau可调控公猪血清激素分泌水平,提升性欲,提高精浆蛋白含量和抗氧化能力,从而提高精液品质。     

日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸对杜洛克种公猪精液品质的影响

为了研究日粮中添加N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(NCG)对杜洛克种公猪精液品质的影响,试验选择年龄、体况、采精量稳定的健康成年杜洛克公猪16头,随机分为2组,每组8头。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组在基础日粮中添加NCG 2 g/d,试验期为31 d,试验结束后测定公猪精液量、精子密度、精子活力、畸形率、精液分装袋数。结果表明:与对照组比较,添加NCG能够显著提高公猪精液量(P0.05),且较试验前显著提高(P0.05);添加NCG能显著降低精子畸形率(P0.05),较试验前亦显著降低(P0.05);试验组精液分装袋数较试验前和对照组均提高,但差异不显著(P0.05)。说明在日粮中添加NCG能明显改善杜洛克种公猪精液量和精液品质,提高种猪场养殖效益。     

鸡胚发育过程中胚胎液中几种游离氨基酸的动态变化

本实验旨在研究鸡胚发育过程中尿囊液和羊水中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、精氨酸和亮氨酸浓度的动态变化。选用72枚6胚龄的三黄鸡鸡胚,按重量相近原则分为6组,每组12个重复,分别在孵化第7、8、11、13、14、18天采集尿囊液和羊水,并利用高效液相色谱法分析其氨基酸浓度。结果表明:尿囊液中,除8胚龄外,其他各胚龄精氨酸浓度均高于另外3种氨基酸(P<0.05),13胚龄精氨酸浓度显著低于其他胚龄(P<0.05),而18胚龄显则著高于其他胚龄(P<0.05)。羊水中,各胚龄精氨酸浓度均高于其他3种氨基酸;除11胚龄外,13胚龄精氨酸浓度显著高于其他胚龄(P<0.05);7胚龄天门冬氨酸浓度显著高于13、14、18胚龄(P<0.05);但18胚龄谷氨酸及亮氨酸浓度则显著升高(P<0.05)。以上结果说明,在尿囊液及羊水中,所测4种氨基酸浓度变化不尽相同,但总体精氨酸含量最丰富,这可能与鸡胚发育的营养与代谢有关。     

Biochemical Profile of Amniotic and Allantoic Fluid During Different Gestational Phases in Mares

Fetal fluids have different vital functions that sustain both pregnancy and normal parturition. The biochemical composition of amniotic fluid during gestation is not well established; thus the purpose of the present study was to determine the biochemical profile of both amniotic and allantoic fluids from mares during initial, mid, and latter third phases of pregnancy. Samples were collected after slaughter, using allantocentesis and amniocentesis. Sixty samples of fetal fluids were analyzed. Alkaline phosphatase (AP), glucose, total protein (TP), urea, creatinine, Ca, chloride (Cl), Na, and K concentrations were measured using commercially available kits. The AP concentration in amniotic fluid was higher than that in allantoic fluid during the three gestational phases (P < .05). There were no differences between glucose mean values of allantoic and those of amniotic fluids (P < .05). However, glucose values were higher in the allantoic fluid in the last trimester of pregnancy. TP was higher in the amniotic fluid than in allantoic fluid (P < .05). Urea values varied among the phases; however, there were no differences between the amniotic and allantoic fluid values (P > .05). Creatinine values were higher in allantoic fluid (P < .05). Na and Cl concentrations were higher in amniotic fluid (P < .05). However, Ca and K concentrations were higher in the allantoic fluid.     

乌蒙半细毛羊“锌缺乏症”的研究

试验旨在研究乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的病因。在赫章县兴发养殖场选取20只锌（Zn）缺乏的乌蒙半细毛羊作为试验组,在威宁县凉水沟种羊场选取20只健康的乌蒙半细毛羊作为对照组。采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法分析土壤、牧草和动物血液及肝脏中微量元素的含量,应用全自动血细胞分析仪测定血液参数,应用全自动生化分析仪测定血清生理生化指标。结果发现,试验牧场土壤及牧草中锌含量均极显著低于对照牧场（P<0.01）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液和肝脏中Zn含量极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,两组间其他元素含量均无显著差异（P>0.05）;试验组乌蒙半细毛羊血液中红细胞数（RBC）、淋巴细胞（LY）和中性粒细胞（NE）均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）;血清中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）活性均极显著低于对照组（P<0.01）,丙二醛（MDA）含量极显著高于对照组（P<0.01）,而两组间血红蛋白（Hb）、红细胞压积（PCV）、白细胞数（WBC）、血清尿素氮（BUN）含量和谷草转氨酶（AST）、谷丙转氨酶（ALT）、谷氨酰转肽酶（γ-GT）活性均无显著差异（P>0.05）。综上所述,乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"主要由土壤和牧草锌含量过低引起,且在日粮中添加适量的硫酸锌可以防治乌蒙半细毛羊"锌缺乏症"的发生。     

Effects of Different Types of N-carbamylglutamate on the Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes and Fat Distribution of Tan Sheep

The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effect of different types of N-carbamoylglutamate on growth performance,serum biochemical indexes and fat distribution of Tan sheep. Sixty male Tan lambs with average weight of (20.14±0.31)kg and similar age were randomly assigned three groups with five replications per group and 4 lambs per replication. The lambs in control group were fed basal diet, while lambs in test groups were fed diets containing 0.1% NCG and 0.1% RP-NCG,respectively. The results showed that:① Comparing with control group,the ADG was significantly improved (P<0.05) and F/G was significantly decreased (P<0.05) when 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented,while there was no significant difference between two experimental groups (P>0.05).② Dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG significantly decreased the serum urea nitrogen (P<0.05),but there were no significant differences in serum total protein,creatinine content and creatine kinase activity (P>0.05).③ The ration of meat weight to carcass weight of two experimental groups was significantly improved (P<0.05).As 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG were supplemented in the diets, the content of subcutaneous fat and GR value were significantly decreased (P<0.05),and the content of intramuscular fat (IMF) was significantly increased (P<0.05).In conclusion,dietary supplemented with 0.1% NCG or 0.1% RP-NCG could improve the growth performance and slaughter performance while there was no significant difference between NCG and RP-NCG.     

Metabolomic Profile of Allantoic and Amniotic Fluid in Late-term Gestational Mares Characterized by 1H-nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

The amniotic and allantoic fluid compartments in the mare serve essential roles throughout pregnancy and parturition. Although the global metabolomic profile of amniotic fluid in women has been extensively characterized, current data for equine fetal fluids are limited. Therefore, the goal of this study was to characterize the global metabolomic profile of equine allantoic and amniotic fluid through nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Fetal fluids were collected between 270 and 295 days of gestation from 12 pregnancies through ultrasound-guided transabdominal puncture. A total of 24 samples (n = 10 allantoic fluid; n = 9 amniotic fluid; n = 5 admixed fluid) were analyzed by one-dimensional proton (¹H) and two-dimensional (¹H-¹³ C) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Metabolites were integrated and compared between fluid types using a Kruskal–Wallis test at P < .05 significance. A total of 28 distinct metabolites were found in allantoic and admixed fluid, whereas 23 metabolites were identified in amniotic fluid. Allantoic fluid contained significant elevations (P < .05) in the metabolites betaine, creatine, creatinine, citrate, histidine, nitrophenol, tryptophan, π-methylhistidine, and unknown metabolite #1 compared with amniotic fluid, whereas amniotic fluid contained statistically increased concentrations of the metabolite lactate compared with allantoic fluid (P = .003).     

Effects of Dietary N-Carbamylglutamate and Arginine on Growth Performance and Blood Parameters of Jinghai Yellow Broiler Chicks

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) and arginine (Arg) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes and serum free amino acid content of Jinghai Yellow broiler chicks.A total of 600 1-day-old chicks with similar weight were used and randomly assigned into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 20 chicks per replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet, groups Ⅰ to Ⅳ were fed with the basal diets supplemented with 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg, respectively.The trial lasted for 28 days.The results showed that compared with control group, the supplementation of 0.05%, 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg increased ADG, the supplementation of 0.10% NCG significantly decreased F/G (P<0.05).The supplementation of 0.10% NCG significantly decreased the contents of AMM, UA and LDL in serum compared with other groups (P<0.05), the supplementation of 0.15% NCG significantly increased the contents of NO, NOS and ALP in serum compared with control group (P<0.05).Compared with control group, the supplementation of 0.10%, 0.15% NCG and 0.10% Arg significantly increased the content of Arg in serum (P<0.05).These results indicated that supplementation with NCG could increase the contents of Arg and Pro in serum, improve blood parameters and growth performance of broiler chicks, and the appropriate supplemental level of NGG was 0.10%.     

N-氨甲酰谷氨酸和精氨酸对京海黄鸡肉仔鸡生长性能和血液指标的影响

本试验旨在探讨N-氨甲酰谷氨酸(N-carbamylglutamate,NCG)和精氨酸(Arg)对京海黄鸡肉仔鸡生长性能、血清生化参数及游离氨基酸含量的影响。选用1日龄体重相近的京海黄鸡肉仔鸡600只,随机分为5组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组饲喂在基础日粮中分别添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15% NCG及0.10% Arg的试验日粮。试验期28 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,添加0.05%、0.10%、0.15% NCG及0.10% Arg组平均日增重(ADG)升高,添加0.10% NCG组料重比(F/G)显著降低(P<0.05);添加0.10% NCG组血清中血氨(AMM)、尿酸(UA)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量相对于其他各组显著降低(P<0.05),添加0.15% NCG组血清中一氧化氮(NO)、一氧化氮合成酶(NOS)和碱性磷酸酶(ALP)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,添加0.10%、0.15% NCG组和添加0.10% Arg组血清中Arg含量显著升高(P<0.05)。综上所述,日粮中添加NCG有助于提高京海黄鸡肉仔鸡血清中Arg和脯氨酸(Pro)的含量,改善血液指标,提高肉仔鸡的生长性能,其中NCG添加水平为0.10%时效果较好。     

Anatomy, physiology and pathology of the amniotic and allantoic compartments in the sheep and cow

In both cows and sheep the allantoic fluid is confined to 2 sacs connected by a flattened isthmus, one in the non-pregnant horn and one in the upper part of the pregnant horn. The chorion encloses the amniotic and allantoic compartments, forming the amniochorion and chorioallantois, respectively. In the last third of gestation the compositions of both amniotic and allantoic fluids differ substantially from each other and from those of foetal urine, and maternal and foetal plasma. There is less variation in composition than in volume for a given gestational age. Abnormalities of volume are more common in cows than sheep, and hydrallantois is more common than hydramnois. Data obtained from both physiological experiments and pathological cases suggest that the foetal membranes play an important role in the regulation of composition and volume of foetal fluids. Evidence is presented that the permeability of the membranes to various solutes, as well as their capacity to produce and respond to a number of hormones, can affect the foetal fluid composition and/or volume. Progesterone, oestrogens and prolactin are some of the hormones known to affect foetal fluids. Foetal adrenal insufficiency has been associated with hydramnios implying a lack of hormones from this gland in this disease. The changes in allantoic fluid composition from normal to that closely resembling maternal/foetal extracellular fluid, in hydrallantois, suggests an alteration of membrane function as an aetiology and the continued production of fluid, after removal of the foetus in some cases, favours this hypothesis.     

Electrolytes and reproductive hormone concentrations in maternal plasma and fetal fluids of dairy cows with hydrops

Electrolytes, metabolites, cortisol and reproductive hormones were measured in maternal plasma taken at least twice daily from three cases of bovine hydrops before, during and after parturition induced by dexamethasone or prostaglandin. Caesarean operations were required for two of the cases. Maternal plasma electrolytes remained within the normal range, but average potassium and creatinine concentrations were higher (9.2 and 0.68 mmol/litre, respectively) than normal (4.7 and 0.42 mmol/litre) in samples of amniotic fluid obtained at calving. Sodium (100 mmol/litre) and chloride (67 mmol/litre) in allantoic fluid were also higher than normal (53 and 20 mmol/litre, respectively). Conversely, creatinine concentrations were lower than normal in allantoic fluid (2.2 vs 13.8 mmol/litre). Oestradiol concentrations were lower than normal in maternal plasma (ranges: less than 20 to 140 pg/ml vs 30 to 440 pg/ml); maximum prostaglandin F metabolite (PGFM) concentrations were slightly elevated (ranges 1.1 to 2.0 ng/ml vs 0.4 to 0.9 ng/ml). Progesterone and cortisol concentrations remained within the normal range; the latter hormone increased markedly in parallel with raised PGFM concentrations. In two cases, the concentrations of reproductive hormones tended to be lower in the amniotic fluid than in the allantoic fluid. For example, progesterone concentrations were 42.8 and 14.9 ng/ml in the amniotic fluids vs 64.2 and 29.8 ng/ml in the allantoic fluids of the two cows; PGFM concentrations were 27.7 and 4.3 ng/ml vs 34.6 and 5.0 ng/ml, and oestradiol concentrations were 1.5 and 3.5 ng/ml vs 1.1 and 6.4 ng/ml in the two fluids, respectively.