辣椒新品种海丰14号的选育

海丰14号辣椒是以优良的花培品系“96-1-6”作母本，自交系“96-9-4”作父本配制而成的一代杂交种。该品种生长势强，可实现对年采摘，果色浅黄绿，平均果长21．2cm左右，果横径约3.0cm，果面光滑有光泽，果实品质和商品性好，耐病、耐热性好，早熟丰产，每667m^2平均总产量为3320.1kg，适合北方早春大棚和露地及秋大棚延迟栽培，南方春季露地和大棚早熟栽培均可。     

辣椒新品种陇椒3号的选育

以宁夏羊角椒自交系95C24为母本，国外引进品种自交系96C83为父本配制的一代杂种陇椒3号，早熟，果实羊角形，果面有皱褶，果长25．0cm，果肩宽2．7cm，肉厚0．23cm，单果质量35～40g，果绿色，味辣，商品性好，中抗疫病。每667m^2产量4000kg左右。适宜北方保护地栽培。     

辣椒花培新品种海丰12号的选育

以引进的优良杂交种92-401的优良自交系96-21-1为母本．以湘研9号的花培品系96-12-4为父本，配制的一代杂种海丰12号，早熟性好，果实粗羊角．浅绿色，果面光滑有光泽，成熟果橘红色．果色鲜艳．平均果长20．0cm、果宽2．8cm、果肉厚0．25cm、单果重45g，果味辣。一般在露地每667m。前期平均产量1723．3kg，比对照平均增产47．9％；每667m。平均总产量3341．9kg．比对照平均增产31．1％。适宜内蒙、山东、广东和海南一带栽培。     

辣椒新品种航椒18号的选育

航椒18号是以051-3-2-2-H-H-H为母本,以035-1-2-2-H-H为父本杂交育成的早中熟羊角型辣椒一代杂种。从定植至青熟果采收55d(天)左右,始花节位为第9~11节。果面皱、果肩宽、有光泽,味香辣;单株结果数20个左右,单果质量50.5g左右;果实粗长羊角形,纵径22.7cm,横径4.2cm,肉厚0.25cm。田间对辣椒病毒病、炭疽病和疫病的抗性强于对照陇椒3号。平均每667m~2产量4200kg,适宜在甘肃、内蒙古、新疆等地及生态环境相似区域保护地栽培。     

宝盛一号辣椒

宝盛一号辣椒属大果型羊角椒，适合我国北方保护地及露地栽培，产量高、效益好。1特征特性植株长势整齐、健壮，坐果能力强。中早熟，始花节位8～10节。果实呈羊角形，果皮浅黄绿色有光泽，肉质厚，辣味适中，商品性佳。露地种植果长22～28cm，保护地种植的一般30cm左右，果肩宽3．5～5．0cm，单果重55-100g。     

辣椒新品种长美的选育

长美是以自交系BM-9-5 为母本，以自交系CYJ-6-1 为父本选育而成的辣椒一代杂种。早熟，果实长羊角形，果色绿，果长25～32 cm，果肩宽2.2～2.6 cm，单果质量45 g 左右；辣味中等；对辣椒疫病的田间抗性强于对照陇椒2 号，每667 m² 产量3 900 kg 左右。适宜在我国北方各地区冬春茬日光温室、春季大棚及露地种植。     

辣椒新品种海丰14号的选育

海丰14号辣椒是以优良的花培品系“96-1-6”作母本,自交系“96-9-4”作父本配制而成的一代杂交种。该品种生长势强,可实现对年采摘,果色浅黄绿,平均果长21.2cm左右,果横径约3.0cm,果面光滑有光泽,果实品质和商品性好,耐病、耐热性好,早熟丰产,每667m2平均总产量为3320.1kg,适合北方早春大棚和露地及秋大棚延迟栽培,南方春季露地和大棚早熟栽培均可。     

辣椒新品种赤研1号的选育

赤研1号是以亚热带地区的农家品种经多代自交的羊角形自交系赤9402为母本，以保加利亚尖椒繁种田发现的变异株经6代自交选育而成的自交系赤9368为父本配制而成的一代杂种。该杂交种中早熟，果长21-25cm，果肩3．1～3．6cm，果肉厚0．3cm，果实羊角形，果绿黄色，单果重47-70g，耐贮运，果微辣，商品性好，抗病毒病。一般产量每667m^2为3415．5kg。现已在广东、广西、海南、山西等省大面积示范推广。     

泡椒专用新品种云辣1号的选育

云辣1号是以078-2-3为母本、250-4-1-1-S为父本杂交配制而成的泡椒专用品种。植株生长势及分枝性强,中熟,果实长羊角形,果面光滑有光泽,商品果长14.5 cm,果肩宽1.6 cm,单果质量19 g,果肉厚0.26 cm,青熟果绿色,老熟果鲜红色,味微辣,口感脆、无渣。突出特点是长期泡制后仍然保持良好的脆感和适度的辣味,皮肉不分离。田间较对照二金条抗病毒病和疫病,坐果率高,从定植到始收70～75 d(天),一般每667 m~2红熟果产量3 000 kg左右。经多点试验和生产示范,适于我国西南地区作为泡椒加工型品种栽培。     

朝天椒新品种明椒9号的选育

明椒9号是以m135-1-2-3-2为母本,以f269-1-4-2-3为父本配制而成的中早熟朝天椒一代杂种。果实短羊角形,表皮有光泽,青熟果绿色,老熟果红色,辣味强,果长6~8 cm,果肩宽2.0 cm左右,果肉厚0.15 cm左右,单果质量7~10g,每667 m~2产量2 300 kg左右。田间对炭疽病和病毒病的抗性强于对照福建辣椒王。适宜全国大部分地区露地种植。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

Effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin and expression of c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy

AIM:To study the effect of L-Arg on plasma content of endothelin (ET) and the expression of proto-oncogene c-fos mRNA in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy. METHODS: The level of c-fos mRNA were measured by in situ hybridization. The ET in plasma were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:After eight weeks of treatment with L-Arg, the expression of c-fos decreased markedly (P＜0.01). The ET content in plasma also decreased significantly by L-Arg(P＜0.01).CONCLUSION: Plasma ET content and the expression of c-fos in the left ventricle of rats with renovascular hypertensive hypertrophy could be decreased by L-Arg administration.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Compositional and Functional Properties of Saskatoon Berry and Blueberry

Abstract

Saskatoon berry (Amelanchier alnifolia Nutt., Rosaceae) and blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L., Ericaceae) are substantially equivalent in all characteristics that are important to the consumer, including fruit color, shape, size, nutrition, texture, and uses. In addition, both fruits are native to North America and they have practically identical historical uses and known health benefits. Their composition, processing, nutritional value and metabolism, intended uses, and levels of undesirable substances are compared.     

Cryopreservation of shoot apices of hawthorn in vitro cultures originating from East Asia

The objective of this study was to establish a cryopreservation protocol for hawthorn shoot apices (Crataegus pinnatifida Bge.). Cryopreservation was carried out via encapsulation–dehydration, vitrification, and encapsulation–vitrification on shoot apices excised from in vitro cultures. We began by showing that cold-acclimation enhanced the regrowth of cryopreserved apices from 10.0 to 65.5% in encapsulation–dehydration. We then decided that the encapsulation–dehydration method was an optimal cryopreservation method for hawthorn shoot apices in terms of its high recovery after cryopreservation as well as its ease of use compared with vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification. In encapsulation–dehydration, the protocol leading to optimal regrowth was as follows: after cold-acclimation at 5 °C in the dark for 2 weeks, excised shoot tips were pretreated for 24 h at 25 °C on hormone-free Murashige and Skoog [Murashige, T., Skoog, F., 1962. A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue culture. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497] (MS) basal medium with 0.4 mol/L sucrose, then encapsulated and precultured in liquid MS medium with 0.8 mol/L sucrose for 16 h at 25 °C. Precultured beads were dehydrated for 6 h at 25 °C in the dessicator containing 50 g silica gel to a moisture content of 15.3% (fresh-weight basis) before cryostorage for 1 h. In addition, we examined the effect of adding glycerol to both the alginate beads and loading solution to enhance regrowth after cryopreservation in encapsulation–dehydration. In the present study, it was shown that adding 0.5 mol/L glycerol resulted in high regrowth percentages (82.5–90.0%) in four Crataegus species.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

Metallothionein inhibits homocysteine-induced proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM:To investigate the effect of metallothionein(MT) on proliferation of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) stimulated by homocysteine and its mechanism. METHODS:VSMCs proliferation was measured by [³-H]-TdR incorporation, mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)activity were determined by immunoprecipitation method, the intracellular contents of MT and malondialdehyde (MDA)were assayed by -hemoglobin saturation method and TBA reaction, respectively, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was measured by NADH oxidation. RESULTS:Hcy(10^-6-10^-4 mmol/L) stimulated [³-H]-TdR incorporation by the VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner. Compared with control, [³-H]-TdR incorporation in VSMCs treated with 0.1 mmol/L Hcy was increased by 4.2 fold (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, Hcy enhanced MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment of VSMCs with MT alone did not change above parameters, compared with control. However, MT (10^-6-10^-4 mol/L)attenuated significantly Hcy-stimulated proliferation of VSMCs (P＜0.01)in a concentration-dependent manner. And MT inhibited obviously Hcy-induced activation of MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH release. Preincubation of VSMCs with 0.5 mmol/L ZnCl₂ for 6 h induced an increase cellular MT content by 5.7-fold (P＜0.01). The MT-overexpressed VSMCs resisted Hcy-stimulating action on MAPK activity, MDA formation and LDH leakage (P＜0.01). CONCLUSION:These results show that MT has an inhibitory effect on Hcy-induced VSMCs proliferation, and that MT could inhibit Hcy-stimulated MAPK activity and lipid peroxidation.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.