景洪橡胶分公司2005年橡胶树和胶园土壤营养分析

对景洪橡胶分公司橡胶树叶片和胶园土壤的营养分析结果:橡胶叶片N、P、K、Ca、Mg含量均值和各元素之间比值均在正常指标范围;土壤样品总体表现速效P明显偏低,而速效K大幅度增高。与1998年资料相比,2005年资料表明胶园橡胶叶和土壤营养水平虽有显著提高,但仍表现出严重的不均衡性:土壤有机质和全N有明显下降趋势,虽然叶样表现的各营养元素缺素症数量比1998年低,但从叶样的分布可以看出仍有1 918.9hm2(占全部胶树的16.9%)胶树叶片缺N;3744.2hm2(占32.9%)胶树缺P;1 544.5hm2(占13.6%)胶树缺K;140.4hm2(占1.2%)胶树缺Ca。需要在营养诊断基础上对症施肥、配方施肥,进一步提高胶园营养水平。     

云南河口植胶区橡胶林现状分析和发展建议

要:通过对2013年云南河口植胶区4个农场橡胶幼林普查资料和2000年以后多次低温寒害的分析表明:橡胶林更新时间和面积与寒害出现时间及危害程度有关;2000年后新植和更新种植的幼林普遍大量种植云研77-4新品种,过于单一的品种结构为植胶业留下新的隐患。针对橡胶林更新现状,提出要提高对胶园更新的正确认识,合理规划,多品种配置植胶,提高橡胶树群体抗御自然灾害的能力,及建设新一代高产稳产胶园的建议;并对在寒害频繁的河口地区如何巩固和发展天然橡胶产业进行了探讨,认为要转变理念,重新科学定位和规划植胶区域,探索经济、社会、生态效益更好的种植和经营模式,创建与其它产业经济互利共存的环境友好型生态胶园。     

云南省橡胶树病虫害监测预警工作现状、问题及对策

橡胶树病虫害监测预警是橡胶树病虫害防治工作的基础,橡胶种植模式的改变使得病虫害的发生和危害更复杂化,为加强橡胶林绿色防控技术及环境友好型生态胶园的建设,开展橡胶林病虫害监测预警工作显得非常重要。笔者就近几年来云南省橡胶树病虫害监测预警工作现状进行分析,提出今后的发展对策。     

云南省热带作物学会第六次代表大会暨2003年度学术研讨会交流论文题录

1.西双版纳农垦高产高效胶园及其发展前景瞿意明,高东风西双版纳农垦分局2.景洪农场大面积胶园橡胶自粉病综合管理陈克难,李明景洪农场3.2002年西双版纳民营胶园橡胶树抗病增胶灵试验示范总结课题组云南省热作所4.动腊农场!·六害U龄以上阴、阳线害U胶试验总结黄友明,衡培兰动腊农场5.病残剂林(s/2十s/4t)d/3剂制试验小结王涓河口农场6.德宏地区的天然橡胶产业前途光明甫发能德宏农早分局7.从橡胶林人工生态系统与生态环境探讨热区土地资源持续利用李一呢云南省农垦总局8.橡胶树抗寒高产新品种区域性栽培试验初报敖硕昌,和丽岗,肖桂秀云南…     

德宏遮放农场环境友好型生态胶园建设现状及效益分析

概述遮放农场环境友好型生态胶园建设现状,对现有种养模式进行实例总结分析,结合农场实际,探讨了德宏三类植胶区发展橡胶林下经济的方法和途径。     

88.8%草甘膦铵盐对杨梅园控草效果测定

利用88.8%草甘膦铵盐可溶性粉剂,对山地杨梅园主要杂草进行控草效果试验,分别采用有效含量1798g/hm2、3596g/hm2、5394g/hm2加水675kg/hm2喷雾,对蕨、杠板归、对白栎、空心莲子草等果园主要杂草控草效果75.5%～95.0%;对木本植物算盘子、檵木等有一定的控制效果。百草枯450mL/hm2、900mL/hm2、1350mL/hm2加水675kg/hm2喷雾,控草效果达64.8%～79.3%,但蕨的部分茎干尚未枯黄,不宜于控制蕨类杂草。88.8%草甘膦铵盐可溶性粉剂控草效果显著,可以在山地果园上推广应用。     

西双版纳橡胶林的白蚁调查

<正> 随着原生植被的逐步缩小,白蚁进入了橡胶林。有的种属适应新环境而蔓延,并危害胶树;有的种属因不能适应而被迫迁居,以至近于灭绝。 白蚁对橡胶林的危害大致有如下几方面:<1>取食树皮,加重烂脚病发生。<2>蛀食胶树暴露的木质部,引起胶树断倒。<3>污染胶乳。<4>损坏胶苗及接穗。(见图1、2、3)。     

江城橡胶公司橡胶树叶片养分时空变化特征

基于2009年和2018年2期采样得到的橡胶树叶片养分数据,运用橡胶树营养诊断和地理信息系统(GIS)技术研究了江城橡胶公司橡胶树叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁5种养分的时空变化特征。结果表明:从2009年至2018年,叶片氮处于丰富和极丰富水平的区域快速减少,面积减少了19.43%,而处于极缺和缺水平的区域面积增加了18.46%,达到39.29%;叶片磷处于正常以下水平的区域面积减少了8.27%,但极缺水平比例却增加了0.91%,正常以下水平比例仍达到35.65%;橡胶树叶片钾含量主要表现为由正常水平向丰富水平转变,研究区叶片钾总体呈上升趋势,极缺和缺水平比例为5.90%,但是正常以上水平面积增加了29.47%,达到82.42%;叶片钙含量2个年份大部分胶园都处于较高水平,没有极缺水平的胶园,缺水平比例仅为7.21%,极丰富水平降低了3.64%,其他水平变化不大;绝大部分区域的镁含量在减少,仅有少数区域在增加,总体呈下降趋势,2018年正常以下水平的区域面积比例达到81.07%,极缺水平比例更是达到46.19%,每个生产队均有部分胶园叶片镁处于正常水平以下。     

塞外红苹果果园生草生态控害提质试验研究

2017年在通辽市林业科学研究院舍伯吐试验研究中心塞外红苹果园,开展生草生态控害提质试验研究,生草区面积14.67 hm2。研究表明,在塞外红苹果果园种植紫花苜蓿区域的果树上蚜虫、叶螨和潜叶蛾的平均虫口密度比清耕园分别减少52.1%、62%和60.5%;单枝上天敌量是清耕园的3.3倍,生草果园天敌数量大,控害效果显著,并改善了生态环境,减少了农药对环境和果品的污染;种植紫花苜蓿区域的优质果率和平均公顷产量比清耕区分别提高14.7%和16.9%。     

橡胶间种砂仁模式下凋落物的特征

文章研究了橡胶＋砂仁胶园间种模式凋落物的年凋落总量和节律、凋落物组成、分解速率、营养元素及养分释放。结果表明：橡胶林下间种砂仁的胶园凋落物具有较多的热带季雨林的特征，总凋落量为７．６５ｔ／ｈｍ２·ａ，与海南岛山地雨林相近；凋落物组分中明显较高的叶含量形成了橡胶＋砂仁模式自己独特的凋落物组分比值；占凋落物总量３９．７％的砂仁枯落物，在胶砂复合生态系统的养分归还上占有十分重要的地位。     

河口地区橡胶白粉病防治技术研究

研究认为河口地区～年橡胶白粉病防治失败的一个重要原因,是由于多年单一使用粉锈宁使19982000病原菌产生抗药性。采用以硫磺粉为主防药物,以古铜叶病率～作首次施药指标,叶片老化、病10%20%50%率达时进行一次全面喷防的防治技术,取得良好效果。40%     

三种热雾剂对橡胶树炭疽病大田防治试验

田间试验比较10%百菌清、20%氟硅唑·咪鲜胺、16%百菌清·咪鲜胺·三唑酮三种热雾剂对大田橡胶树炭疽病的防治试验结果,其中前两种处理防效(相对防效68.14%和66.31%)显著优于16%百菌清·咪鲜胺·三唑酮和对照处理。     

河口地区橡胶白粉病防治失败原因的研究

河口地区橡胶白粉病防治失败原因的研究@张丽萍$坝洒农场! 云南 河口 661311 @白建湘$河口农场 !云南 河口 661300 @邵志忠$云南省热带作物科学研究所!云南景洪666100 @陈积贤$云南省农垦总局!云南昆明660014~~     

Optimizing Tapping-Tree Density of Rubber (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Hevea brasiliensis</Emphasis>) Plantations in South China

Tapping-tree density in rubber plantations affects the production of dry rubber. Farmers can estimate rubber productivity when they know with certainty the number of tapping trees within a plantation and can therefore increase productivity through optimized planting schematics. Historical data on planting distance between trees and between rows, planting density (trees/ha) and tapping-tree density (number of trees under tapping for latex harvest per hectare) from 1952 to 2014 have been collected for plantations in the Hainan, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces of South China. A plantation survey was conducted to collect more detailed data on current tapping tree and planting densities in various plantations in the three provinces. Planting density and row spacing are found to have increased with rubber tree planting time and plant spacing to have declined from 1952 to 2014. Tapping-tree density of rubber plantations from 1955 to 1995 in South China ranges from 270 to 345 tree/ha, averaging 300 trees/ha. Strong typhoons and cold snaps are important drivers of fluctuations in tapping-tree density. The factors driving tapping-tree density are similar across the three provinces but the degree of change differs between provinces. Tapping panel dryness (due to tapping beyond the natural limit of the rubber tree productivity), severe wind damage and cold damage are the major factors resulting in loss of tapping trees in plantations in South China. These results suggest that a combination of environmental management for extreme weather and targeted breeding could improve tapping-tree density in rubber plantation and therefore dry rubber yield per unit area.     

橡胶优良品种海垦2在云南的适应性

橡胶树优良品种海垦 2在云南省热带作物科学研究所、勐捧农场、孟定农场的适应性试验研究表明 ,1～ 11割年平均单株年产干胶 5.2 7kg ,是对照RRIM6 0 0的 12 2 .8% ;单位面积产量为 2 0 96kg/hm2 ,是对照RRIM6 0 0的138.5%。海垦 2干胶含量高 ,产胶潜力大 ,可以在云南省一类型植胶区大规模种植     

泡桐胶合板材林最适经营密度及主伐年龄研究

通过对４０３块兰考泡桐外业调查资料的分析，发现兰考泡桐的直径分布可用Ｌ－ＰＲＭ进行预测；林分平均直径，任意高处的直径，单位面积胶合板材、檩材，椽材出材量可用建立的平均直径预估模型，干曲线方程，出材量预估模型进行预测。经检验其预测的精度能满足生产上的实际需要。用胶合板材出材量和内部收益率综合评价得出：４０立地指数级林地培育大中径级，中径级胶合板材的最适造林密度分别为每公顷２００株和２５０株，主伐年龄     

Powdery mildew disease of rubber tree

Powdery mildew disease of rubber trees affects young rubber leaves, buds, inflorescences and other immature tissues reducing rubber latex yields by up to 45%. The disease is present in all rubber‐growing regions, with a high incidence rate in subtropical environments. The causal agent of powdery mildew disease of rubber trees was first described as Oidium heveae, but later research on the morphological characteristics suggests that O. heveae was in the past confused with Erysiphe quercicola. However, the most appropriate classification is still under debate between the genera Golovinomyces or Podosphaera. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses have established some relationships between rubber powdery mildew fungus and other powdery mildew species, but the generic sexual state of rubber powdery mildew fungus has not yet been established. Rubber powdery mildew conidia are wind‐spread spores that are produced in great numbers when growth conditions of the disease are favourable. The optimum conditions for conidial germination are 97–100% relative humidity and temperatures between 25 and 28°C. While some newly bred rubber clones have shown resistance to the disease, it can also be controlled with a number of fungicides and biological control agents. It is clear from recent knowledge about climate–fungus relationships that changes in weather strongly influence disease incidence and severity. The aim of this review is to highlight the classification conflicts, main causes and influencing factors behind the disease spreading, as well as draw attention to the impact of weather changes on the outbreaks of the disease. The information in this review will be helpful to adopt better control measures of the powdery mildew disease of rubber, especially in higher humidity areas, thereby minimizing the loss of rubber yields due to this disease.     

The household economics of rubber intercropping during the immature period in Northeast Thailand

In order to alleviate poverty in Northeast Thailand, the Thai government has promoted rubber farming, which has expanded at the expense of annual crops. Because of a long immature period, planting rubber represents a loss of income for poor farmers in the very first years. This paper analyzed how rubber intercropping during the immature period helps farmers to compensate for this loss of income. Economic performances of the most widespread rubber farming systems were analyzed using information collected from a questionnaire addressed to 35 farmers in Buriram province. A sub-sample of 22 farmers was further interviewed to estimate the contribution of rubber intercropping in the formation of the total annual income during the immature period. The results showed that interest in rubber intercropping has grown, with cassava and rice as the main associated crops. With additional costs of about 14,169 ?/ha/year over monospecific rubber plantations, rubber-cassava intercropping systems generated a gross margin estimated at 11,340 ?/ha/year for a 3-year period. Compared to a monospecific rubber plantation, rubber-cassava intercropping systems reduced management costs by 59% over the 6-year period of rubber immaturity. The cash-income drawn from intercropping ranged from 0 to 26.8% of the household’s total annual income, which can be of considerable importance for low-income farmers.     

不同药剂对麻疯树白粉病的防治效果研究

选用日曹-甲基托布津70％可湿性粉剂、百菌清50％悬浮剂、云大翠丽5％己唑醇微乳剂和粉锈宁15％可湿性粉剂等4种高效低毒的农药对麻疯树白粉病进行大田药效试验,结果表明：4种药剂对麻疯树白粉病均具有显著的防治效果,其中以日曹-甲基托布津70％可湿性粉剂稀释800倍液的防治效果最好,3次施药后防治效果达88．89％,对麻疯树白粉病的防治效果显著且稳定,优于其他药剂;喷洒次数的增加可明显提高低浓度杀菌剂的防治效果,因此生产上应尽量使用低浓度药剂连续喷洒2～3次,可延缓麻疯树白粉病抗药性的产生。     

An approach to achieve sustainable development goals through participatory land and forest conservation: a case study in South Kalimantan Province,Indonesia

The delivery of sustainable development goals (SDGs) through a participatory land and forest conservation initiative was evaluated in South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. The initiative focused on the rehabilitation of a 410 ha forest that was managed by local villagers. A forest rehabilitation and management initiative was developed through participatory action, establishing a well-managed rubber plantation that provided new livelihood opportunities. Poverty reduction was promoted, evidenced by a reduction in inequality amongst the local community. Between 2010 and 2018 the Gini coefficient of inequality declined from 34.6% to 31.3%, demonstrating a contribution to SDGs 1 (No Poverty) and 10 (Reduced Inequalities). In addition, forest rehabilitation resulted in improved carbon stock and biodiversity management contributing to SDG15 (Life on Land). This was attributed to successful forest rehabilitation and the reduced incidence of forest fires. Cooperation amongst local villagers categorized as living in poor households was improved, facilitated by capacity building. This focused on rubber plantation management, cooperative action, and firefighting activities. This capacity building contributed to the delivery of SDG 17 (Partnerships for the Goals). Results from a socio-economic survey demonstrated that group activities and cooperation amongst stakeholders were essential to improve both livelihoods and forest management practices.