Provenance trials ofJuglans mandshurica

The data of provenance trial onJuglans mandshurica young tree were investigated and studied from different provenance. Analysis methods of variance and correlation analysis were used to analyze these data. The following conclusons were obtained: (1) The difference of growth characters ofJuglans mandshurica is relatively significant among provenances: (2) The result of first trial has indicated thatJulans mandshurica growth trend expresses two-way gradual change trend with different longitude and latitude. but the second trial has no obvious gradual change trend. Height ofJuglans mandshurica is negatively correlated with elevation. (3) The provenance of Shulan. Mao’ershan and Baishishan were selected as superior provenance of afforestational seeds for Mao’ershan and its brink region. Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong     

核桃楸不同种源苗期试验初报

从6个核桃楸优良种源地采集种子进行播种育苗,调查出苗率、苗高、地径生长量,进行核桃楸种源试验。结果表明:出苗率较高的两个种源为上庄种源(77%)、大南坪(69%),各种源间在苗高、地径生长方面差异不显著,变化幅度较小,说明核桃楸种源种子遗传特性较好。     

Effect of slope on growth of three hard broadleaved tree species in Northeast China

ResearchSiteThestudywascarriedoutinMaoersl1anExperimentalForestFarmofNortheastForestryUniversity(45"2O'~45"25'Nandl27"3O'~I27"34'E).Tl1eaverageeleva-tionofthisareais3OOm.Annualaveragetemperatureis2.7"C.Annualaverageprecipitationis720mm.Frost-freeperi0disl2O~l4Odays.SoiltypeistypicaIdarkbrownforests0il.Tl1evegetationbeIongstoChangbaiMountainflora.Broad-IeavedKoreanpineforestasprimitiveclimaxcommunityhasbecometypi-calnaturalsec0ndaryforestduetodisturbanceanddestroyfrommankindinrecent…     

长白山林区天然次生林胡桃楸的适宜生长空间

利用次生林主林层胡桃楸34株平均木(胸径为11.0～39.1 cm)的树干解析数据,结合反映植物生长空间的冠幅,进行5,10和15年抚育间隔期的单株材积定期生长量、林分蓄积增长量与生长空间关系的研究,建立不同抚育间隔期胡桃楸胸径与适宜生长空间关系的模型;利用林冠下层27株胡桃楸平均木(胸径为4.6～14.3 cm)的树干解析数据,评价适宜生长空间模型应用于被压状态胡桃楸时的生长促进效果.结果表明:1)3参数S型曲线模型和二项式模型分别能够很好反映胡桃楸前5,10和15年间单株材积定期生长量、林分蓄积增长量与冠幅的关系;2)不同抚育间隔期胡桃楸胸径与适宜生长空间关系的模型为幂函数模型(y=a×x~b);3)对数函数模型(y=a×ln(x)+b)能显著反映适宜生长空间下胸径与材积定期生长量的关系;4)适宜生长空间下胡桃楸5,10和15年材积定期生长量至少比生长空间受限条件下的林木提高97.8%,114.4%和128.5%.采用5,10,15年抚育间隔期时,不同胸径胡桃楸的适宜生长空间分别是相应胸径的0.256 6～0.368 7,0.344 1～0.447 1和0.449 1～0.504 6倍.     

Geographic variation pattern ofLarix olgensis

On the basis of the data of provenance test for 10 years in the total natural range ofLarix olgensis from 10 seeds collection sites, the geographic variation patterns have been made by means of canonical correlation analysis: (1) The basic variation patterns of growth characters is in vertical gradual change along the elevation gradient as principal, and gradual change along the latitude as supplement. (2) The Xiaobehu provenance with low elevation and low equivalent latitude is the good gene resource center ofL. olgensis. It has the genetic characters of rapid growth, high stability and fine timber quality. (3) The synthetical interaction between water and heat factors is the major factor to produce the variation ofL. olgensis and the temperature is the principal one. (4) Among the genetic variations of geographic population characters, the variation of growth is the most obvious one, and it could be taken as the main character for provenance division. (5) By allocating the seeds from the low equivalent latitude region to the northern suitable afforestation areas, the greater genetic gain could be obtained. (Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai)     

美国黑核桃幼树在引种区生长特性研究

用树干解析法对黑核桃、核桃揪和核桃的胸径、树高和材积生长量进行了比较研究,结果表明：在相同立地条件下,黑核桃的生长量大于核桃揪和核桃。     

长白山西坡天然次生林水曲柳和胡桃楸材积表的编制

以长白山西坡天然次生林中水曲柳和胡桃楸为研究对象,进行根径(D0.0)、去皮胸径(D去)、树皮率(P)、树高(H)和胸径(D)关系的研究,结合解析木结果,建立一元和二元立木材积(V)模型、根径立木材积(V)模型和树皮材积(V皮)模型。水曲柳和胡桃楸的胸径分别是根径的0.729 9倍和0.765 8倍,去皮胸径是带皮胸径的0.978 9倍和0.975 0倍,树皮率模型分别为P=129.1956D-0.6129和P=275.4582D-0.819,树高模型分别为H=36.007-693.244(D+19.687)-1和H=29.255-318.636(D+8.972)-1;水曲柳和胡桃楸的一元立木材积模型分别为V=0.0002D2.31和V=0.0004D2.1232,二元立木材积模型分别为V=0.000048D2.01077H0.870343和V=0.000042D1.772558H1.174785,根径立木材积模型分别为V=0.0001D0.02.4347和V=0.0004D0.02.0698;水曲柳和胡桃楸的一元树皮材积模型分别为V皮=0.0002D1.8668和V皮=0.0003D1.7812,二元树皮材积模型分别为V皮=0.000019D1.452649H1.14834和V皮=0.000062D1.556608H0.714036。     

我国东北4种常见阔叶乔木物候对气候变化的响应

物候现象是指示气候及自然环境变化的重要指标(Peuelas et al.,2001;Moresette et al.,2009)。自然物候记录可以提供全球环境变化最直接和最有效的证据。已有研究结果表明,受全球气候变化影响,1952—2000年地中海地区(Peuelasetal.,2001)、1851—1994年匈牙利(Walkovszky,1998)、1936—     

Geographic Variation Pattern of Larix olgensis

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马褂木地理遗传变异和优良种源选择

利用设置在福建省邵武市的马褂木全分布区种源试验林（15个种源）8年生测定材料，首次系统研究了造林死亡率、侧枝形成分叉干率、生长、干形和木材基本密度等性状在种源间的遗传差异及其地理分异模式，结果显示，马褂木种源效应非常显著，但由于生境片断化导致的小种群效应和距离隔离效应等，除木材基本密度受产地经度影响外，上述诸性状多呈随机分布，不存在典型的倾群变异模式。通过系统聚类仅可将成马褂木粗略地划分成2个聚类大组和4个聚类亚组，并按照纸浆材和胶合板材不同培育目标，分别选择确定了相应的优良种源。研究发现，马褂木对立地环境反应敏感，种源与立地环境互作显著，在商品林建设时应予充分重视。     

不同种源水曲柳苗木生长的差异分析

研究了不同种源水曲柳幼苗的生长特性,并对其差异进行了分析。结果表明,不同种源间水曲柳幼苗的苗高、地径、主根长、侧根数及单株生物量存在显著地差异。综合评价以海林和林口种源的幼苗生长较优。     

胡桃楸、落叶松纯林及其混交林下叶凋落物分解与养分归还的比较研究

用分解袋法研究了胡桃楸、落叶松纯林及其混交林下叶凋落物的分解及养分归还速率,结果表明3种林分叶凋落物分解速率大小为胡桃楸纯林>混交林>落叶松纯林。如排除微生物侵入等的影响,胡桃楸纯林叶凋落物归还N的速率最快,落叶松纯林叶凋落物归还P、K的速率最快;二者组成混交林后,混交林叶凋落物归还N的速率较落叶松纯林明显提高,而归还P、K的速率较胡桃楸纯林明显提高。胡桃楸与落叶松混交后叶凋落物养分归还速率较其各自纯林的要高,这可能是混交林增产机制之一。     

杉木种源幼龄期与成熟期生长特性比较研究

江西省于1976年和1979年两次参加全国性杉木地理种源全分布区试验。据27年、9年和6年生试验对比研究结果表明,幼龄期表现优良的种源到成熟期多数仍表现优良,说明了优良种源生产力具有较强的稳定性。根据27年生材料研究结果,福建建瓯、广东乐昌、广西融水等种源属于持续速生型,江西种源属于后期速生型。排在前9位的种源是:福建建瓯、广东乐昌、广西融水、江西安福、江西全南、江西铜鼓、浙江龙泉、四川雅安、贵州锦屏。     

A study on the geographic variation and selection of the best provenance ofLarix olgensis

On the basis of the results from the geographic provenance test of nine years oldlarix olgensis in Liangshui Natural Reserve of our university, a study on the geographic varition and the primary selection of the best provenance ofLarix olgensis was carried out. The main results are as follows: I.The different provenances ofLarix olgensis have rich and wide genetic variation, and exist a linear correlation with latitude and longitude in collection area. General trends are enumerated below: Provenances at lower latitude and more west longitude have lighter thousand seed weight, short growth period, higher increment, wide branches, rich leaves and crown as well as worst adaptabillity. It is a dual-way variation along with two directions of latitude and longitude, and also embodies a change gradually in climate condition from south to north. The temperatures in seed production site, especially the mean temperature in January and ≥10 °C accumulated temperature, are important factors that produce geographic variation forlarix olgensis. 2. The variation of different provenances in periodic biological phenomena and growth rhythm trends are that: 1 both of the provenances from Changbai Mt. (III) and Dashitou(IV) at low latitude belong to the centralized growth type, and have shout growth period, the difference between these two provenances is that the provenance from Changbai Mt. grows well in all time, Dashitou provennce is well only in later period; 2 the provenance from Baidao Mt. (II) at middle latitude belongs to even growth type and has longer grpwth period, this provenance has higher increment in early and later periods relatively; 3 Xiaobeihu provenance at high latitude is a growth type among II. III and IV provenances and has a general growth period, the provenance grows better in middle time and worse in later time. 3. The best provenance in Liangshui Natural Reserve and its meighbourhood is Dashitou Procenance, which growth in height, diameter and volume has exceeded 16. 28%, 46. 27%, 30. 58%, 78. 20, 82. 00% as well as 392. 00% by comparison with the mean value of the contrast and the worst provenance respectively, The result from the height growth of three, five, seven and nine years oldLarix olgensis by using the method of order correlation analysis demonstrates that it is possible to make early selection of the provenance. Meanwhile, data from juvenile and mature oflarix olgensis plantation also prove the reliability of the early selection. 4. The provenance heritabilities of nine years oldlarix olgensis in Liangshui Natural Reserve are follows: The heritability of the height growth (h²) is 0.79; The heritability of the diameter breast height (h²) is 0.791; The geretic gain is 24.5% and 40.36% respectively.     

Study on the provenance ofFraxinus mandshurica

This paper studied that the significant difference exists among the ten provenances of 9-year-oldFraxinus mandshurica stand. The rule of geographic variation is that dual continuous changes with longitude and latitude, and the provenance in the southwest range grows rapidly. There are positive significant correlation when the tree growth is influenced by ≥10°C accumulated temperature, duration of sunshine and annual precipitation. So it is suggested that Lushuihe and Maoershan provenances should be employed first in Maoershan Forest Farm and its neighborhoods. (Responsible Editor: Zhu Hong)     

樟树苗期生长性状研究

分析樟树苗期生长性状的差异,为选择樟树优质种源提供参考依据。研究结果表明,樟树不同种源1年生苗在苗高方面整体差异不显著,地径整体差异显著。二者均无明显地理趋势变化。苗高、地径与经纬度均无相关关系。但适当分组后,苗高随经纬度总体呈现出纬度越低,苗高越大的变化规律。地径生长变化的情况受多种因素影响,比较复杂。以苗高和地径的大小表现情况,把樟树划分为6个种源区。     

山杨纸浆材优良种源的选择

采集山杨主要分布区内15个种源171份材料,在黑龙江省迎春林业局进行种源试验,并进行生长与纸浆材性的综合分析,其结果表明：种源树高、地径、材积、新生长和冠幅等生长性状和纤维长、宽、长宽比、基本密度和纤维素含量等材性指标的差异达显著或极显著水平,通过综合指数法和PCA分析,初步选出适合黑龙江省营造山杨纸浆林的7个最佳种源。     

水曲柳、胡桃楸等天然次生林生长情况调查

通过标准地调查,对现有天然次生林水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄菠萝幼龄林林分特征、优良单株径级分布、生长过程进行研究,指出相应的抚育技术措施,为小兴安岭天然次生林中水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄菠萝等珍贵阔叶树种单株定向培育提供科学依据。     

核桃楸组培快繁技术研究

以核桃楸幼茎为外植体,分析在不同培养阶段不同培养基配方对其组培能力的影响。结果表明:核桃楸茎段在DKW培养基中培养7 d后,萌发率达到95%,芽体平均长度达到4.5 cm;增殖培养以培养基组合(DKW+1.0 mg/L 6-BA),增殖效果最佳,平均每个外植体出芽数为4.5个,新芽高度4.9 cm;最适生根培养基是添加了5.0 mg/L吲哚丁酸的DKW培养基,生根率可达20.1%。生根苗移栽至草炭︰蛭石︰沙子=1︰1︰1混合基质中,成活率96%以上。由此,成功建立了核桃楸组织培养快繁技术体系。     

历山山核桃群落数量分类与排序

应用TWINSPAN分类和DCA排序方法分析山西历山山核桃群落生态关系。结果表明:1)应用TWINSPAN将山核桃群落的35个样方划分为7个群丛,分别是山核桃-连翘-升麻群丛、山核桃-连翘+牛奶子-蓝萼香茶菜群丛、山核桃-连翘-草乌头群丛、山核桃-连翘-香薷群丛、山核桃-连翘-披针叶苔草+筋骨草群丛、山核桃-连翘-风毛菊+牛尾蒿群丛和山核桃-连翘-藜芦群丛;2)35个样方DCA排序图较好地揭示了山核桃群落的分布格局与环境梯度的关系,排序图第1轴基本反映各群丛所在生境的坡向变化,第2轴基本反映了植物群落的地形和土壤类型变化,坡向、地形和土壤类型决定了山核桃群落类型的规律性变化;3)7个群丛草本层优势种在DCA排序轴上的分布格局在很大程度上影响着群丛在DCA排序轴上的分布格局。