夏季加喂肾肿解毒药和维生素C对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响

为进一步探讨夏季高温季节减少热应激,提高蛋鸡产蛋率的技术措施,笔者于1995年7—8月份进行了加喂肾肿解毒药和高稳定性维生素C,提高蛋鸡产蛋率的试验,取得了满意效果。现将试验情况报告如下:1.材料与方法 试验材料 华南农业大学实验兽药厂研制生产的肾肿解毒药和化工部饲料添加剂技术开发服务中心研制生产的高稳定性维生素C。     

笼养蛋鸡热应激的防治措施

在高温条件下,蛋鸡的散热机制会受到抑制,影响嗜食中枢神经,最终影响蛋鸡的机体代谢,造成蛋鸡的生产性能下降,带来一定的经济损失。对于蛋鸡的热应激,有效的治疗是降温。对于热应激较为明显的病鸡,可尽快转移至阴凉的地方,在鸡的翅膀和鸡冠部位用针进行放血,并喂服1～2滴十滴水和4～5粒的人丹,可短时间内恢复;发病状态不明显的病鸡,可在日粮中添加维生素C和复方中药来缓解蛋鸡的热应激及代谢紊乱。在高温季节,养殖人员需要提前检查通风设备,做好降温措施,及时补充蛋鸡的营养需求,减少经济损失,提高蛋鸡的免疫力和生产性能。     

夏季热应激下提高蛋鸡产蛋率的技术措施

蛋鸡热应激是指环境温度超过蛋鸡适宜温度26°C,家禽生理与行为发生的应答反应。在蛋鸡生产中,影响蛋鸡产蛋率的因素常见有环境条件、饲养管理技术及其他应激因素,而夏季持续高温对蛋鸡产蛋率影响最大。夏季高温常导致规模化饲养条件下的鸡群发生热应激或     

高温期添加维生素A对蛋鸡生产性能的影响

将480只200日龄同批海兰褐产蛋鸡随机分为3组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验A组、B组分别在蛋鸡基础日粮中添加60000、120000 IU/kg维生素A,在高温季节,进行为期60 d的对比试验.结果表明,高温环境下,日粮中加入维生素A对提高蛋鸡产蛋率、降低产软卵壳蛋率和死亡率有一定的帮助.维生素A有利于增强蛋鸡免疫力,提高抗病力,提高蛋鸡生产性能.     

紫锥菊复方对高温条件下蛋鸡生产性能及血液生化指标的影响

为研究紫锥菊复方对高温条件下蛋鸡生产性能和血液生化指标的影响,选用60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡250只,随机分为5组,试验第1~4组日粮中分别添加0.5%、1%、1.5%的紫锥菊复方和0.04%维生素C,第5组为空白对照组。试验结果表明,1%紫锥菊复方和1.5%紫锥菊复方能够显著提高高温条件下蛋鸡的采食量、产蛋率(P<0.05),降低料蛋比(P<0.05);维生素C对于高温条件下蛋鸡采食量、产蛋率、料蛋比的影响差异不显著(P>0.05),但可降低蛋鸡软破蛋比率和鸡群死淘数;与对照组相比,不同浓度的紫锥菊复方和维生素C均可明显提高血清GLU、TP、ALB水平和ALP活性,降低血清TG、CHO浓度和ALT、CK活性。     

夏季防止鸡热应激的技术措施

热应激又称中暑,是指家禽在高温环境下,由于体温调节及生理机能趋于紊乱而发生的一系列的异常反应,并伴随生产性能下降,甚至出现热休克和死亡.在生产实践中常见的是笼养蛋鸡发生热应激的较多,特别是饲养密度过大的红羽蛋鸡.集约化饲养的种鸡及快大肉鸡也容易在高温季节发生热应激.目前正值夏季高温来临之际,应采取措施防止鸡热应激.     

炎热夏季对蛋鸡生理指标的影响及管理措施

1高温对蛋鸡机体产生影响 在热环境下，持续的热环境对蛋鸡机体免疫系统有一定影响。高温会明显抑制血液血细胞吞噬细胞的活力，降低血清溶菌杀菌能力。高温下肌肉能量供应不足，造成营养不良，对蛋鸡的生活力和生产性能造成很大影响。热应激下蛋鸡血浆中的二氧化碳分压下降，血浆中的碱储下降，pH 值会上升，体内酸碱平衡失调，机体反馈性地分泌大量有机酸来降低血液pH值。有机酸与钙离子大量结合，从而造成血液中钙离子浓度大大降低，对蛋壳品质造成严重影响。     

维生素C微囊在产蛋鸡中的应用

前言 维生素C在机体内参与许多生化反应。在通常条件下,鸡合成的维生素C可以满足自己的生理需要。但在规模化养殖生产中,由于各种应激源和不利因子,蛋鸡的生产性能受到一定影响。研究表明,维生素C对提高机体抗应激和抗感染能力具有一定功效,但维生素C在日粮中的     

营养调控技术对蛋鸡热应激的研究

温度是影响蛋鸡生产性能的重要环境因素之一，如何通过营养调控技术，减轻热应激对蛋鸡的负面影响。此文从营养物质如：蛋白质、氨基酸、能量、维生素、矿物质；非营养物质：添加中草药、酸化剂等对蛋鸡热应激的营养调控技术，阐述近几年来，营养调控关键技术在蛋鸡热应激中的应用情况。     

中草药添加剂对蛋鸡热应激的影响

鸡的耐热能力差,极易发生热应激.高温可导致代谢和生理机能改变,降低蛋鸡的产蛋率和饲料报酬等,给生产带来严重的经济损失.目前,提出和采用的一些减轻家禽热应激的措施有控制鸡舍内的温度、加强饲养管理、调整日粮营养、使用抗应激添加剂、增强机体适应和抵抗高温的能力等.中草药含有维生素、矿物质、氨基酸和微量元素等营养物质,来源广泛,使用方便,日益受到重视.试验主要从机体内环境考虑,选用来源广、价格低的中草药并按一定比例组方,研究在高温季节其对蛋鸡生产性能的影响.     

中药复方对慢性热应激蛋鸡生产性能和心脏组织HSP70表达量的影响

探讨中药复方对慢性热应激下蛋鸡生产性能和心脏组织HSP70表达量的影响。选取250只60日龄蛋鸡,随机分为空白对照组、维生素C组、复方Ⅰ、复方Ⅱ、复方Ⅲ组。每天记录各组的耗料量、蛋重、产蛋量、淘死数以及软、破蛋数量,采用ELISA法测定蛋鸡心脏组织HSP70表达量。结果显示,中药复方能够改善热应激状态下蛋鸡的生产性能,其中复方Ⅱ的效果最佳;中药复方组蛋鸡心脏组织HSP70表达量均低于空白对照组,其中方Ⅱ组下降的幅度最大,表明各中药复方均能提高热应激蛋鸡的生产性能,其作用机制可能与调控HSP70表达量有关。     

氯化钾对热应激蛋鸡某些生理指标和生产性能的影响

试验用６０周龄的豫州褐９１３蛋鸡３００只,随机分为３组,对照组（１）饮自来水,处理组（２,３）分别饮用含０．２６％,０．３４％的氯化钾（ＫＣｌ）水,在高温环境中试验４周,对热应激蛋鸡的某些生理指标和生产性能进行了研究。结果表明：ＫＣｌ可降低热应激蛋鸡的冠温、呼吸率和体温,尤其对呼吸率影响显著;同时ＫＣｌ能提高热应激蛋鸡的产蛋率,２组显著高于１组;ＫＣｌ对蛋重和饲料利用率影响不显著,但有使其升高的趋势。     

高温应激对高产蛋鸡的不利影响及应对策略

夏季高温应激会对高产蛋鸡的生产性能产生不利影响。综述了高温对蛋鸡采食量,营养物质的代谢、消化和吸收,产蛋量和蛋品质,免疫机能等方面的影响,并提出了应对高温应激对蛋鸡不利影响的策略,以期为蛋鸡养殖业的发展提供参考意见。     

Effects of dietary chromium picolinate and ascorbic acid supplementation on egg production, egg quality and some serum metabolites of laying hens reared under a low ambient temperature (6 degrees C).

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of chromium (chromium picolinate, Cr Pic) and vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) supplementation on egg production and egg quality in laying hens (Hy-Line) kept at 18 degrees C (at thermo-neutral zone) or 6 degrees C (cold stress) in temperature-controlled rooms. One hundred and fifty laying hens (32 week-old) were divided into 5 groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens kept at 6 degrees C temperature were fed either a basal diet (low temperature-basal diet, LTB group) or the basal diet supplemented with either 400 micrograms of Cr per kg diet (Cr group), 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C group) or 400 micrograms of Cr plus 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid per kg diet (Vit C + Cr group) while hens kept at 18 degrees C fed a basal diet (thermo-neutral-basal diet, TNB group). Performance and egg quality were significantly reduced in LTB group compared with TNB group. Supplemental chromium and vitamin C significantly increased live weight change, egg production, and improved feed efficiency in cold-stressed hens compared with group fed the basal diet at 6 degrees C brought up to the values of the group reared under thermoneutral conditions (18 degrees C). Egg production and egg weight were also greater in each supplemental group compared with the LTB group. Separately or as a combination, supplemental chromium and vitamin C increased serum insulin but decreased corticosterone, glucose and cholesterol concentrations. Results of the present study show that supplementing vitamin C and chromium, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed hens. Such a combination of supplement can offer a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens.     

环境高温对蛋鸡生产性能的影响及营养调控措施

夏季高温是影响蛋鸡生产性能的一个重要因素。近年来随着风机+湿帘等降温设施的普及,夏季规模化蛋鸡舍内的温度一般可以控制在30℃以下,因此在实际生产中往往忽略夏季高温的不利影响。本文针对环境高温尤其是循环高温对蛋鸡生产性能的影响进行总结归纳,以期引起生产以及研究人员对于夏季高温的重视,并从饲粮能量和粗蛋白质水平方面总结缓解高温应激影响的营养调控技术,旨在为高温季节蛋鸡合理配制饲粮及饲养管理提供科学依据。     

热应激条件下中药复方对蛋鸡血清中部分离子浓度的影响

试验旨在通过日粮中添加中药复方研究其对慢性热应激状态下蛋鸡的血液生化指标的影响,并对其调控机制作初步的探讨。本试验选用60周龄海兰褐蛋鸡250只,随机分为5组,每组50只,试验1~4组日粮中分别添加1%中药复方1、1%中药复方2、1%中药复方3、0.04%维生素C,第5组为空白对照组。分别在试验期的第14、28、42、56天检测蛋鸡血清中钙、磷、钠、钾离子浓度。试验结果显示,3种中药复方都可以使血清中钙、磷、钠、钾4种离子的浓度升高,有此可见中药复方可维持机体的血液生化指标稳定,提高血清中钙、磷、钠、钾含量,提高机体的热耐力,而且中药复方的效果优于维生素C。     

Influence of high dietary vitamin E supplementation on egg production and plasma characteristics in hens subjected to heat stress

1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) were investigated in 2 experiments on laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress at 32C. 2. In the first experiment, egg production and plasma concentrations of calcium and egg yolk precursors were measured in 24 hens before, during and after a stress period of one week and fed on diets containing 10 or 500 mg vitamin E/kg. 3. In the second, larger experiment, egg production and food intake were measured in 300 hens housed in 2 temperature-controlled rooms and fed on diets containing 10, 125 or 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Birds in room 1 were stressed from 24 to 28 weeks of age and those in room 2 from 32 to 36 weeks. 4. In experiment 1, egg production and egg weight were significantly higher (72.6 vs 51.2%, P < 0.05 and 66.6 vs 63.1 g, P < 0.005 respectively) during and after the period of stress in the group given 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Plasma concentrations of calcium, vitellogenin (zinc) and VLDL (triglyceride) were also higher in this group. 5. In experiment 2, egg production was significantly higher (65.4 vs 56.2%, P < 0.05) during and after the period of heat stress in birds in room 1 fed on the diet containing 500 mg vitamin E/kg. Egg production was also higher (49.9% vs 44.7%) on this treatment during the stress period in room 2, though the difference was not significant (P < 0.10). Egg weight and food intake were unaffected by treatment in either room. 6. It is concluded that dietary supplementation with extra vitamin E can, at least in part, alleviate the adverse effects of chronic heat stress in laying hens, perhaps by maintaining the supply of egg precursors in plasma.     

Optimal dietary concentration of vitamin E for alleviating the effect of heat stress on egg production in laying hens.

1. The effects of different dietary concentrations of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol acetate) were investigated on laying hens exposed to chronic heat stress at 32 degrees C from 26 to 30 weeks of age. 2. Diets containing 5 dietary concentrations of vitamin E (a control diet containing 10 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg or this diet supplemented to contain 125, 250, 375 and 500 mg alpha-tocopherol/kg) were fed to 335 birds. Half of the birds received the supplemented diets for only 4 weeks before the heat stress period (short supplementation duration, SSD) and were fed on the control diet for a further 12 weeks. The remaining birds were fed on the supplemented diets throughout the experiment, 4 weeks before, 4 weeks during and 8 weeks after the heat stress period (long supplementation duration, LSD). 3. Egg production was significantly higher during (80-6 vs 68.9%, P<0.02) and after (75.3 vs 62.7%, P<0.02) the period of stress in the LSD group fed on the diet containing 250 mg vitamin E/kg compared with the group fed on the control diet. LSD birds given 375 and 500 mg vitamin E/kg also had higher egg production than control birds during heat stress but the differences failed to reach significance (74.6 vs 68.9% and 77.1 vs 68.9% respectively). In the SSD groups, mean egg production of the birds given the diets supplemented with 125 mg vitamin E/kg or more was significantly different from the control group after heat stress (70.3 vs 62.7%, P<0.05). Egg weight and food intake were similar in all the groups. 4. Plasma and liver vitamin E concentrations were proportional to the vitamin E intake before the stress period, dropped during heat stress in the SSD groups but were maintained at concentrations closer to those observed before heat stress in the LSD groups. 5. It is concluded that a dietary supplement of 250 mg vitamin E/kg provided before, during and after heat stress is optimum for alleviating, at least in part, the adverse effects of chronic heat stress in laying hens.     

Effect of changes in dietary energy intake and environmental temperature on heat tolerance in the fowl

The improvement in heat tolerance acquired during the acclimatization of laying hens to intermittent heat stress was lost or considerably reduced when energy intake increased following the addition of maize oil to the diet. The oxygen consumption (VO2) of acclimatised hens increased after the addition of maize oil to the diet. Reducing the environmental temperature (Ta) from 30 degrees to 10 degrees C prevented the development of acclimatization if the heat stress commenced soon after the change of Ta; if the heat stress commenced 5 weeks after the change of Ta acclimatization took place normally. Reducing the Ta from 30 degrees to 10 degrees C resulted in an increased VO2 and food intake. The administration of triiodothyronine increased VO2 and reduced the heat tolerance of acclimatised hens. It is concluded that heat tolerance, despite being reinforced by regular exposure to heat stress, remains susceptible to changes in energy metabolism brought about by dietary or environmental means.