Meaning in Architecture and Landscape Architecture: Enhancement of Contemporary Design Practices Based on the Review of Postmodernism and Surrealism Aesthetic Philosophies

The study explored surrealist aesthetic philosophies in relation with referential postmodern architecture,and landscape architecture,to communicate meaning with the audience.These philosophies provide lessons about the potential of the built environment to address the emotional and psychological needs of the public,that is,to address the vital social,ecological,and functional needs of modern society.According to this,the purpose of the study was two-fold.The first is to analyze the visual techniques and forms that are used in referential postmodern architecture and landscape architecture in relation with surrealist aesthetic philosophies,to communicate meaning with the audience.Second is to demonstrate the relevance of these visual theories,to enhance contemporary design practices.The study emphasized the potential of art forms that provide meaning to address the physiological and spiritual needs of the society.Hence,it re-established landscape architecture as an art form capable of enriching human psychological and spiritual well-being,which is opposed to the conservative utilitarian natures of the field.     

Composition and Value Orientation of Urban Landscape

Based on the analysis of the urban landscape and its composition,main problems of urban landscape at the early stage of urbanization were summarized,including more attention to the technical content of urban landscape,valuing transformation but belittling protection,emphasizing uniformity,ignoring the diversity,lack of scientific planning,and neglecting the value orientation. It is expected that the construction of urban landscape may return to its aesthetic value,practical value,ecological value and other aspects of value orientation. It is believed that the urban landscape is both a type of perception and experience. It can not only maintain the cultural heritage and the evolution of civilization,but also maintain the integration of the biological and physical environment,play the role of diversification in the urban public open space,and undertake social functions such as ecological,disaster prevention,waterlogging,and water conservancy at the same time of protecting and lighting the environment.     

Study on the Landscape Construction of the Urban Wetland Parks

Through the examples of urban wetland parks construction at home and abroad, the importance of urban wetland parks is expounded in this paper, and the special landscape characteristics of the urban wetland parks accepted by the public and the urban constructor are analyzed, including the natural, ecological and economical characteristics. The natural characteristics include rich and multiple landscapes, biological diversity, remarkable ecological benefits and comprehensive functions. The social characteristics include clear recreational character, rich historical culture connotations and prominent education functions. Then, aiming at the facts existed in the landscape construction of the urban wetland parks in our country, including neglect of the characters and conditions of the region, formalized landscape design, urbanized recreational activities, neglect of other living things, species invasion and neglect of the educational functions in landscape construction and so on. It proposes that the landscape construction of urban wetland parks should follow the important principles as to protect strictly and restore the biology diversity, control the human disturbance, the construction should be based on ecology theories as the instruction, the recreational activities should have their themes and the architecture construction should be natural and ecological and so on. Finally, the thesis discusses the landscape construction concept design and the landscape district construction in the urban wetland parks. It hopes that it can give some promotions to the landscape construction of urban wetland parks through this research.     

Multifunctional Landscape Actor-Network Construction from the Perspective of Rural Tourism Experiences

During the construction of multifunctional landscape(MFL) actor-network, economic, social, and ecological functions presented significant differences, which resulted from the different roles and effects of various heterogeneous actors according to the tourism experience. In Hekou Village at the border area between China and North Korea, the roles and effects of heterogeneous actors during the MFL actor-network construction were analyzed by means of the analytic network process(ANP), which verified the Groundings-Entrepreneurship-Markets(GEM) theoretical framework of the MFL actor-network that assumed tourism experiences were core actors, and economic, social, and ecological landscape actors acted as support. Research results showed that in the MFL actornetwork construction, social and economic functions of landscapes were strong, while ecological and tourism experience functions were weak and that folk customs and land utilization were key actors of the MFL actor-network construction. In the MFL actor-network construction, actors played different roles and had different effects on the network. Intelligence facilities and rurality were critical to drive the MFL actor network translation process and pass through "obligatory passage point". By changing the interaction mode and intensity of the actors, the MFL actor-network could be promoted.     

Relationship between Development of Landscape Architecture and Urban Ecological Economy

Landscape architecture industry throughout decades of rapid development has made great contributions to national environment, improvement of city and ecological conditions. Against the background of worldwide economic depression, increasing national investment, it is advocated that more investments should be input for the landscape architecture industry, and special funds set for the industry. Park and garden construction echoes with the country and people's needs for environmental beautification, ecological improvement, preservation of natural resources and sustainable development, so as to obtain the most ecological benefi ts and social benefi ts with the least input, and create beautiful living environment, as well as long-term and sustainable economic benefi ts.     

论古典园林植物造景中的审美观

园林作为一门艺术,它的形成和发展具有一定的历史文化背景,带有很深的时代烙印,要受一定审美观念的影响和支配。笔者以此为切入点,从传统文化哲学、民族审美心理和思维方式三方面,提出古典园林植物造景中折射出的自然审美观和生态审美观,以便更好的认识艺术活动的奥秘和规律,理解审美文化,为创造新的具有现代意义的植物景观提供历史借鉴。     

观赏型保健植物在园林设计中的应用

根据人类的五官对植物的色、香、形、味的不同感受对观赏型保健植物进行分类介绍,并阐述其保健功能,提出了相应的运用方式,让这类植物在生态园林中发挥重要角色     

农业生态观光园雨水利用措施研究进展

为了缓解当今社会城市用水紧张,减少生活用水对其他方面造成的不必要的浪费,从农业生态观光园概念及特点着手进行分析,探讨了城市雨水在农业生态观光园景观中的生态化利用方法,包括景观建筑雨水利用措施、园区绿地雨水利用措施、园区道路广场雨水利用措施、园区雨水净化技术;提出雨水利用在促进农业生态观光园,乃至城市水资源可持续循环及改善生态环境方面的巨大作用。     

Ability Training of Landscape Architecture Talents

The paper analyzed orientations and requirements of landscape architecture talent training in domestic and international academic fields, and proposed that training of landscape architecture talents should attach more importance to the establishment and optimization of the discipline, cultivate talents capable of solving realistic environmental and ecological problems, so as to cultivate inter-disciplinary talents from multiple dimensions.     

人工智能方法在风景园林中的运用进展

本文介绍了人工智能在风景园林研究中的作用。根据人工智能的功能和属性,把风景园林研究中常用的人工智能方法分为智能随机优化类、机器学习类和人工生命类;分析了不同类型人工智能方法在风景园林各研究领域的运用动态;指出了人工智能在风景园林各研究领域的具体应用中存在的问题;探讨了人工智能方法在风景园林研究中的局限性;建立混合智能系统模型是风景园林研究向智能化、数子化、自动化发展的必然趋势。     

国土整治整村推进项目综合效益评价——以重庆市忠县天子村为例

为了测度国土整治整村推进项目的实施效益,指导后续项目的开展,以重庆市忠县天子村为例,选取经济、社会和景观生态效益等24个指标,运用模糊综合评价法建立评价模型,对项目实施后的综合效益进行评价。结果表明:按照最大隶属原则,天子村国土整治整村推进项目综合效益评价结果为"较好",其隶属度为0.3626;经济效益评价结果为"较好",其对应隶属度为0.3903;社会效益评价结果为"好",其对应隶属度为0.3420;景观生态效益评价结果为"较好",其对应隶属度为0.3370。项目实施的社会效益显著,综合效益较好,但应该重视土地整理中经济效益、社会效益和景观生态效益之间的协调。     

生态农业观光园景观评价体系研究

为了建立适用于各种类型的生态农业观光园的景观评价系统,了解各景观元素在生态农业观光园景观营造中的作用,笔者应用层次分析法的原理,构建一套完整的生态农业观光园景观评价指标体系,运用专家咨询法和萨蒂(Satty)制定的1~9标度法构造判断矩阵,计算出各评价因子的权重。系统运算结果表明,项目层中自然景观的权重远大于人文景观和生产景观,因素层中农业景观权重最大,其重要性高于同项目层下园林植物景观,在指标层中,农业景观总体意象权重最大,其次是物种的多样性,农事体验、农事活动、民风民俗展示、园林建筑总体风格也占有一定的地位。该研究为生态农业观光园的景观设计与营造、等级评定及分级管理和分级指导提供理论依。     

Application Research of Water-saving and Drought-resistant Landscape Plants:A Case Study of Inner Mongolia Drought-resistant Mongolian Grasses

Construction of "water-saving landscape architecture" is a crucial content of building "conservation-minded society',an important approach of ensuring the sustainable development of landscaping industry.It targets at exploring a reasonable means of using the nature,so as to improve ecological conditions and environment,save resources and energies,and promote the harmonious coexistence of man and nature.Landscape plant is a significant component of landscape architecture,it is a key section to choose proper drought-resistant plant species for the landscape construction.     

乡村景观评价方法研究综述

随着乡村振兴战略全面实施,乡村建设进程成为现代化建设的重点,乡村景观评价的研究方法愈发多元,为根据研究目的找到适宜有效的评价方法,为乡村景观评价提供理论依据,文章梳理了近年来有关乡村景观评价方法的研究,发现目前研究主要集中于乡村景观美学质量评价、乡村景观生态评价、乡村景观特征评价、乡村景观综合评价4个方面。对乡村景观评价的具体方法进行梳理,分析了现有评价方法的特点及适用性,总结了新发展的技术方法的应用特点,并提出乡村景观评价的新特征,包括多学科交叉、评价方法相互融合,量化综合评价,景观信息数据化与景观模拟可视化。     

Landscape Pattern Optimization of Chengdu Based on Modern Garden City

TOptimization of regional landscape pattern is significant for improving function and value of ecosystem,and restraining the expansion of urban layout.Taking Chengdu City for example,this paper applied RS and GIS techniques,landscape indexes and ecological service function evaluation to further analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of landscape pattern and spatial differences of regional ecological functions,and on this basis,identified the spatial distribution of ecological source lands.Based on the long-term objective of building Chengdu into a modem garden city,this paper applied the accumulative cost distance model and introduced garden city theory to construct regional ecological corridors and ecological nodes,and explored the approaches of optimizing landscape pattern of modem garden city.The results showed that a great deal of arable land has been transferred to construction land in the urbanization;intensity of regional ecological functions showed obvious spatial differences;ecological source lands were mainly distributed in the Longmen Mountain,the Qionglai Mountain,the Changqiu Mountain and the Longquan Mountain;according to actual conditions of the study area,the road ecological corridors,river corridors and agricultural corridors in the layout of "four rings and six radial corridors" were constructed;ecological nodes dominated by intersection,wetland and forest park were formed.This research method and results are significant references for building Chengdu into a modem garden city     

The Art of Landscape Design of the Grand Sight Garden in Novel "The Story of the Stone"

The Grand Sight Garden in Chinese traditional novel "The Story of the Stone" takes an important position in Chinese traditional landscape architecture.In this paper,the aesthetic value of the Grand Sight Garden is analyzed and the real meaning and practical value of this fictitious "garden" is discussed from two aspects: composition structure and artistic conception.     

采矿废弃地植被恢复与可持续景观营造研究——以湖南冷水江锑矿区为例

锑矿废弃地主要为重金属污染林地,植被恢复的核心问题在于解决植物生长的生境环境其中最关键在于改良土壤环境。基于土壤环境改良的前提下,充分考虑植物景观的营造手法,结合生态学要求构建近自然群落,增强物种多样性,通过生态学、景观设计学,使原有破碎化景观“变废为宝”。我国的采矿废弃地等破碎化景观规模巨大,在当今构建生态文明、人地矛盾急剧增加的大背景下,因此本研究对此类废弃地的景观修复有着巨大的现实意义。     

ON ECOLOGICAL PRONCIPIES OF URBAN LANDSCAPE DESIGN

The urbanizing environmental diruption seriously results from ignoring ecological factors by planners and designers. This paper discusses the important functions of ecological factors for improving the urban environment through ecological landscape design,and prensents the basic ecdogical principle of urban landscape design for the urban environment.     

The Coupling of Landscape Pattern and Landscape Esthetics of Urban Traditional Cultural Tourism Destination: A Case Study of Confucius Temple-Qinhuai River Scenic Area in Nanjing City

Study on the relationship between landscape beauty and ecological beauty is an important scientifi c problem that refl ects the nature of man-land relation, and current academic researches on this topic are most based on a single perspective. Therefore, this paper took the Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area in Nanjing City as a typical case of urban traditional cultural tourism destination, adopted landscape pattern indexes and balanced incomplete block comparison and evaluation method as the evaluation standards of ecological beauty and landscape beauty, and analyzed the coupling characteristics and rules of landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics. The results showed that(a) The overall landscape of the study area had higher fragmentation degree, but different landscape groups were infl uenced by different human interventions, landscape patches showed moderate diversity and heterogeneity, patch area, spatial distribution and spatial aggregation degree showed structural differences.(b) The locals and visitors had aesthetic perception of the study area, but preferred the beautiful natural scenery of the Qinhuai River, as well as the historical buildings and cultural landscapes that contain rich memories of the city.(c) Landscape pattern and landscape aesthetics showed coupled complementation and harmonious coexistence. The Confucius Temple–Qinhuai River Scenic Area has profound historical and cultural background, but it has witnessed gradual loss of cultural characteristics and fast "delocalization" against the background of rapid urbanization. As an urban traditional cultural tourism destination, it carries the responsibility of protecting city memories and inheriting regional cultures.     

Plant Landscape Creation of Flower Sea

Plant landscape of flower sea is the aesthetic refinement and essential configuration of flowers, it portrays a gorgeous picture in urban green patches, and becomes a focus of modern urban landscaping. Flower sea plants in modern gardens are characterized by harmonious seasonal aspects, wild fun, and ecolandscape connectivity; configurations of diversified flower sea plant species cater for psychological needs of urban residents; in the creation of flower sea plant landscapes, suitable flower species should be selected, new images of suburbs highlighted, ecological and environmental conservation stressed, and landscape experience fully explored.