促生细菌挥发性物质通过lncRNA调控拟南芥的 关键功能基因表达

促生细菌的挥发性有机物可以促进拟南芥生长,提高拟南芥对多种生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。近年来的研究表明,植物lncRNA参与生长、发育和胁迫反应等生理过程。通过去rRNA全转录组测序,筛选出受到根际促生细菌ACCC 01380挥发性有机物处理影响的拟南芥lncRNA,并通过顺式分析获得可能受到这些lncRNA调控的蛋白编码基因;通过ceRNA分析获得lncRNA影响蛋白编码基因表达的调控网络。结果发现,拟南芥重要的生长发育调控和胁迫响应基因,如细胞分裂素降解基因At CKX7、SOS2-like protein kinase PKS5,都受到促生细菌的挥发性有机物通过lncRNA的调控。研究结果初步证实了根际促生细菌挥发性有机物在促生过程中lncRNA的作用,并为进一步研究lncRNA功能以及根际促生细菌挥发性有机物的作用机理奠定了基础。     

饮用水中挥发性有机物的顶空制备方法研究

[目的]对饮用水中挥发性有机物（VOCs）有效提取的顶空（HS）前处理条件进行研究,建立更适合我国国情的HS—GC检测生活饮用水中微量VOCs的方法。[方法]采用饮用水中挥发性有机物的顶空制备方法。[结果]采用HS—GC-毛细管柱-FID的方法在上述条件下可同时检测生活饮用水中20种挥发性有机物,物质都能得到较好的分离,同时对待测有机化合物进行定性、定量分析,具有较宽的浓度线性范围、良好的精密度,检出限高,回收率高。[结论]在一定的HS—GC条件下,可以减少水中挥发性有机物的损失,提高试验的灵敏度,检测结果符合质量控制要求。     

非离子表面活性剂改性土壤的制备及其对水中有机污染物的吸附研究

采用室内实验方法，研究了用非离子表面活性剂烷基酚与环氧乙烷缩合物Tx-7、Tx-15制备有机粘土及其对水中芳香族化合物硝基苯、卤代烃l，2-二氯乙烷的吸附作用：结果表明，Tx-7、Tx-15均能与天然蒙脱土结合，Tx-7在天然蒙脱土中的吸附量大于Tx-15；改性土壤对水中有机污染物的吸附能力明显大于天然蒙脱土，Tx-7改性土壤的吸附能力大于Tx-15改性土壤：Tx-7改性土壤和天然蒙脱土对有机物的吸附通过分配进行，吸附等温线可用Henry方程表示。     

大蒜中有机硫化合物及其分析方法

大蒜是在我国广泛种植和食用的农产品,具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化等多种营养健康功能。这些主要得益于大蒜中的有机硫化合物,包括蒜氨酸等风味前体化合物、大蒜素等硫代亚磺酸酯和大蒜烯等硫醚类挥发性化合物等。这些有机硫化合物或各自具有其生物活性,或多种化合物相互协同,共同产生同一种生理功效。但有机硫化合物普遍具有易酶解或稳定性差等特点,且不同类别有机硫化合物的化学性质差异也较大,目前对大蒜中有机硫化合物的分析方法仍然存在局限性,现有报道多是对某类化合物进行总量测定,或是针对个别化合物进行测定,尚未有研究对大蒜中的有机硫化合物进行全面系统的分析。因此,本研究分别对大蒜中主要风味前体化合物、硫代亚磺酸酯和硫醚类挥发性化合物的分析方法进行了分类讨论和综述,包括其样品前处理方法和检测方法。     

Analytical Methods of the Organic Sulfur Compounds in Garlic

Garlic is a kind of widely planted agricultural product in China, which has plenty of nutritional and healthy functions, such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidation. These functions are mainly attributed to the organic sulfur compounds, including the flavor precursors, thiosulfinates and thioether volatile compounds. The organic sulfur compounds either have its own biological activities, or multiple compounds work together to produce the same physiological effect. However, considering the poor stability and property diversity of the organic sulfur compounds, the analysis of organic sulfur compounds remains a big challenge. Existing reports are mainly on the determination of several compounds or one group of compounds, and there has been no comprehensive analysis of the organic sulfur compounds in garlic yet. Therefore, in the present review, the analysis methods of the main flavor precursors, thiosulfinates and thioether volatile compounds in garlic were separately discussed and summarized, including the sample pretreatment and detection methods.     

Organic Compounds in Silica Bodies of Rice Revealed by X-ray Microanalysis and Micro-infrared Spectroscopy

To understand the possible mechanism controlling the formation of silicon bodies in higher plants, we need to know the nature of organic compounds associated with silicon bodies and induces silicon precipitation in plant cells. A new method was developed to isolate pure silicon body in fresh leaves of rice (Oryaa sativa L. Var. 297) at lowt emperature by grinding and centrifugation procedures, which avoided degradation of organic molecules induced by high temperature and strong oxidizing acids used in the traditional method. The energy dispersive X-ray spectrum under scanning electron microscope showed that there was a great amount of carbon in silicon bodies in addition to silicon and oxygen. Organic compounds intimately associated with silicon bodies were released by treatment with HF solution. Analysis of the organic compounds by micro-infrared spectroscopy revealed the presence of polyphenol and polysaccharide and a little protein.     

室内空气挥发性有机物的吸附/热解吸气相色谱分析方法研究

室内空气挥发性有机物（Volatile Organic Compounds,VOCs）污染问题日益引起关注与重视,选择一种合适的检测方法对于室内空气污染的研究尤为重要。采用Tenax树脂吸附采样、在线式吹脱捕集仪热解吸进样、HP-5毛细管柱分离、氢火焰离子化检测器（hydrogenflame inonization decector,FID）检测的方法建立了室内空气挥发性有机物的快速分析方法：TenaxGC吸附/热解吸毛细管气相色谱法。确定了最佳采样条件和化合物的定性定量方法,分析了采样效率、分离效果。研究结果表明,该方法采样便捷,样品预处理方便,回收率高,样品测定准确,适合环境空气中低浓度VOCs的测定。     

网箱养鱼沉积物中有机污染物的检测分析

通过对网箱养鱼水域底部沉积物中有机污染物进行分析检测,结果显示,网箱养鱼水域底部沉积层中含有大量的有机污染物,其中酚类化合物和低价的含硫化合物含量特别高。经检测分析结果揭示的网箱养鱼水域底部沉积物中有机污染物的种类和含量,可为综合治理网箱养鱼沉积物中有机污染物提供参考。     

Bacillus subtilis Czk1挥发性化合物对橡胶树红根病菌的抑制作用

由橡胶灵芝菌（Ganoderma pseudoferreum）引起的红根病是橡胶树生产上毁灭性病害之一。为明确枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）Czk1产生的挥发性物质对橡胶灵芝菌的抑制作用，以橡胶灵芝菌为靶标菌，通过平板对峙法检测Czk1所产12种挥发性化合物纯品的抑菌活性；采用生长速率法对挥发性活性组分进行毒力测定；检测挥发性混合组分对橡胶灵芝菌细胞的形态及细胞膜通透性的影响。结果表明，12种挥发性化合物纯品对橡胶灵芝菌均具有不同程度的抑菌活性，其抑菌率在15.20%～100%之间，其中，苯甲醛对橡胶灵芝菌抑菌活性最强，抑菌率达到100%。9种化合物纯品对病菌的毒力测定中，苯甲醛、3,5-二甲氧基苯乙酮、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚EC₅₀分别为20.30、30.62、40.96 μg·mL^-1。该三种混合组分浓度为25 μg·mL^-1，其对橡胶灵芝菌的抑制率为67.00%。经三种混合活性组分处理后的病菌菌丝缠绕成一团，细胞壁变薄，部分膜结构不完整。混合活性组分影响病菌细胞通透性。Czk1产生的挥发性物质具良好的抑菌活性是由这些挥发性物质协同作用的结果，这些挥发性物质应用前景巨大，可作为化学农药替代品防治橡胶树红根病。     

Bacillus subtilis Czk1挥发性化合物对橡胶树红根病菌的抑制作用

由橡胶灵芝菌（Ganoderma pseudoferreum）引起的红根病是橡胶树生产上毁灭性病害之一。为明确枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus subtilis）Czk1产生的挥发性物质对橡胶灵芝菌的抑制作用，以橡胶灵芝菌为靶标菌，通过平板对峙法检测Czk1所产12种挥发性化合物纯品的抑菌活性；采用生长速率法对挥发性活性组分进行毒力测定；检测挥发性混合组分对橡胶灵芝菌细胞的形态及细胞膜通透性的影响。结果表明，12种挥发性化合物纯品对橡胶灵芝菌均具有不同程度的抑菌活性，其抑菌率在15.20%～100%之间，其中，苯甲醛对橡胶灵芝菌抑菌活性最强，抑菌率达到100%。9种化合物纯品对病菌的毒力测定中，苯甲醛、3,5-二甲氧基苯乙酮、2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚EC₅₀分别为20.30、30.62、40.96 μg·mL^-1。该三种混合组分浓度为25 μg·mL^-1，其对橡胶灵芝菌的抑制率为67.00%。经三种混合活性组分处理后的病菌菌丝缠绕成一团，细胞壁变薄，部分膜结构不完整。混合活性组分影响病菌细胞通透性。Czk1产生的挥发性物质具良好的抑菌活性是由这些挥发性物质协同作用的结果，这些挥发性物质应用前景巨大，可作为化学农药替代品防治橡胶树红根病。     

Search for organic and volatile inorganic compounds in two surface samples from the chryse planitia region of Mars

Two surface samples collected from the Chryse Planitia region of Mars were heated to temperatures up to 500 degrees C, and the volatiles that they evolved were analyzed with a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Only water and carbon dioxide were detected. This implies that organic compounds have not accumulated to the extent that individual components could be detected at levels of a few parts in 10(9) by weight in our samples. Proposed mechanisms for the accumulation and destruction of organic compounds are discussed in the light of this limit.     

Ozone-induced chemiluminescence of organic compounds

Chemiluminescence was observed when organic compounds in a dry state,as well as in organic solvents, were exposed to ozone in oxygen. The peak intensity of the light emission is related quantitatively to the amount of compound. Many compounds can be identified by this method, and some are listed. Sensitivity of detection approximates that of fluorescence methods and extends to less-than- nanogram quantities for some compounds. Ozoneinduced chemiluminescence of compounds in acetone solution was less sensitive than it was in the dry analysis.     

降雨对土壤中甲苯运移影响的初步研究

甲苯是最为常见的挥发性有机污染物之一,针对土壤与地下水挥发性有机污染问题日益严重的现状,本文以甲苯为研究对象,采用原位土柱物理模拟试验,通过降雨与土壤参数监测以及土壤和土壤气体取样分析,研究了降雨条件下土壤中甲苯多相运移规律;基于降雨引起的土壤水分动态分布与污染物分布特征的对比分析,初步探讨了降雨对其运移过程的影响.研究发现,甲苯在土壤中的运移受其自身的挥发性影响较大,且存在与水分运移不同步的现象,其固相运移速率小于气相扩散速率和土壤水分运移速度;降雨加快了其运移速度,对甲苯的运移有促进作用.     

Carbon and nitrogen isotopic anomalies in an anhydrous interplanetary dust particle

Because hydrogen and nitrogen isotopic anomalies in interplanetary dust particles have been associated with carbonaceous material, the lack of similar anomalies in carbon has been a major conundrum. We report here the presence of a 13C depletion associated with a 15N enrichment in an anhydrous interplanetary dust particle. Our observations suggest that the anomalies are carried by heteroatomic organic compounds. Theoretical models indicate that low-temperature formation of organic compounds in cold interstellar molecular clouds can produce carbon and nitrogen fractionations, but it remains to be seen whether the specific effects observed here can be reproduced.     

Search for organic material in lunar fines by mass spectrometry

Three kinds of experiments were performed in an effort to detect and identify organic compounds present in the lunar material (fines 10,086): (i) vaporization of the volatilizable components directly into the ion source of a high-resolution mass spectrometer, and (ii and iii) extraction of the material with organic solvents before and after dissolving most of the inorganic substrate in hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid. The extracts were investigated by a combination of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry. Although a number of organic compounds or compound types have been detected, none appears to be indigenous to the lunar surface.     

嘉陵江重庆段水中的有机污染物研究

应用液液萃取-GC/MS联用方法对嘉陵江(重庆段)水中的有机污染物进行了定性分析,通过质谱谱库检索定性分析了20种可能存在的有机污染物,主要包括直链烷烃及其衍生物,单环芳香族化合物,多环芳烃,邻苯二甲酸酯类及其他有机物.     

玉米秆超临界乙醇解聚产物分析

[目的]研究玉米秆在超临界乙醇条件下的解聚产物。[方法]采用FTIR和GC/MS分析解聚产物。[结果]超临界乙醇解聚产物成分十分复杂,GC/MS分析鉴定出89种有机化合物,其中72种为含氧化合物,主要有酯、酚、醚、酮和醇等,还检测出少量烷烃、烯烃、芳烃、苯硫酚和含氮化合物,反映了解聚产物的高含氧量和低含氮硫量的特性。其中42.7%乙酯类可能是C12-C30的饱和脂肪酸、部分不饱和脂肪酸、邻苯二甲酸或苯丙酸等与乙醇酯化的结果;而22.9%的苯酚和苯二酚类物质、芳烃类及甲氧基苯类物质可能来源于木质素在超临界乙醇中的解聚作用。[结论]玉米秆的超临界乙醇解聚产物成分十分复杂,乙醇参与了玉米秆的超临界解聚反应。     

Humic substances: fulvic acid-dialkyl phthalate complexes and their role in pollution

Fulvic acid is a water-soluble humic material with relatively low molecular weight that occurs widely in soils and waters. It can combine with lyophobic organic compounds such as alkanes, fatty acids, and dialkyl phthalates to form stable "complexes" that are soluble in water. Fulvic acid in an aquatic environment may act as a vehicle for the mobilization, transport, and immobilization of organic compounds, some of which may be toxic pollutants.     

Organic synthesis via irradiation and warming of ice grains in the solar nebula

Complex organic compounds, including many important to life on Earth, are commonly found in meteoritic and cometary samples, though their origins remain a mystery. We examined whether such molecules could be produced within the solar nebula by tracking the dynamical evolution of ice grains in the nebula and recording the environments to which they were exposed. We found that icy grains originating in the outer disk, where temperatures were less than 30 kelvin, experienced ultraviolet irradiation exposures and thermal warming similar to that which has been shown to produce complex organics in laboratory experiments. These results imply that organic compounds are natural by-products of protoplanetary disk evolution and should be important ingredients in the formation of all planetary systems, including our own.     

百合根系分泌物的GC-MS鉴定

【目的】分析百合根系分泌物中的主要物质,为预防百合连作障碍和建立科学栽培制度提供依据。【方法】分别用石油醚、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、氯仿和甲醇分离水培法收集百合根系分泌物,用GC-MS分析经生物检测化感强势组分（甲醇组分、石油醚组分、氯仿组分）中的有机物质。【结果】按照相似度达80%、相对含量达0.20%分析检出物质,从百合根系分泌物甲醇组分中共检出11种物质,主要为苯甲酸酯类衍生物,如邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（52.11%）和双-2-乙己基邻苯二甲酸酯（40.95%）,其他成分含量均在1%以下;从石油醚组分中检出6种苯甲酸酯类衍生物,如邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（88.04%）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（9.06%）,其他成分含量均在1%以下;氯仿组分中有机物质丰富,检出的有酯类、醛、酚、烯烃、烷烃等19种,含量在1%以上的有邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯（39.87%）、双-2-乙己基邻苯二甲酸酯（39.62%）、十六烷（1.36%）、2-甲氧基-1-(2-硝乙烯基)-3-苯甲氧基-苯（1.22%）、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚（1.02%）。百合根系分泌物的乙醚和乙酸乙酯组分化感作用不强,未对其中的有机物质做进一步鉴定。【结论】百合根系分泌物的GC-MS检出物主要为酯类物质,不同组分中含量高的均为苯甲酸酯类衍生物,还有少量醛、酚、烯等。