Micropatterning of organic electronic devices by cold-welding

A simple and general postdeposition electrode patterning technique for active organic electronic devices is demonstrated and is applied to patterning the metal cathodes of organic light-emitting devices. Selective lift-off of the metal cathode layer is achieved by pressing a prepatterned, metal-coated silicon stamp on the unpatterned device layers. Under pressure, the metal coating on the stamp cold-welds to the metal cathode coating the underlying organic films. Subsequent separation of the stamp from the substrate results in removal of the cathode metal in the regions contacted by the stamp, resulting in submicrometer feature definition. A 17x17 passive matrix display, with a pixel size of 440 micrometers by 320 micrometers, was fabricated with this process. Cold-welding followed by lift-off of the cathode metal allows simple, cost-effective, and high-throughput large-area fabrication of organic electronic devices.     

Quantum dot superlattice thermoelectric materials and devices

PbSeTe-based quantum dot superlattice structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy have been investigated for applications in thermoelectrics. We demonstrate improved cooling values relative to the conventional bulk (Bi,Sb)2(Se,Te)3 thermoelectric materials using a n-type film in a one-leg thermoelectric device test setup, which cooled the cold junction 43.7 K below the room temperature hot junction temperature of 299.7 K. The typical device consists of a substrate-free, bulk-like (typically 0.1 millimeter in thickness, 10 millimeters in width, and 5 millimeters in length) slab of nanostructured PbSeTe/PbTe as the n-type leg and a metal wire as the p-type leg.     

有机光电材料与有机光电器件

近年来,有机光电子学在基础研究和应用方面取得了突飞猛进的发展,已经成为一个较为成熟的跨学科新兴领域。主要介绍有机光电材料的分子结构、导电与发光机理、有机光电器件的分类与工作原理以及有机光电材料在光电器件方面的应用,包括有机发光二极管和发光电化学池、有机太阳能电池、有机场效应晶体管、有机生物化学传感器、有机光泵浦激光器以及有机非线性光学材料等。     

Functional nanoscale electronic devices assembled using silicon nanowire building blocks

Because semiconductor nanowires can transport electrons and holes, they could function as building blocks for nanoscale electronics assembled without the need for complex and costly fabrication facilities. Boron- and phosphorous-doped silicon nanowires were used as building blocks to assemble three types of semiconductor nanodevices. Passive diode structures consisting of crossed p- and n-type nanowires exhibit rectifying transport similar to planar p-n junctions. Active bipolar transistors, consisting of heavily and lightly n-doped nanowires crossing a common p-type wire base, exhibit common base and emitter current gains as large as 0.94 and 16, respectively. In addition, p- and n-type nanowires have been used to assemble complementary inverter-like structures. The facile assembly of key electronic device elements from well-defined nanoscale building blocks may represent a step toward a "bottom-up" paradigm for electronics manufacturing.     

Band-gap engineering: from physics and materials to new semiconductor devices

Band-gap engineering is a powerful technique for the design of new semiconductor materials and devices. Heterojunctions and modern growth techniques, such as molecular beam epitaxy, allow band diagrams with nearly arbitrary and continuous band-gap variations to be made. The transport properties of electrons and holes can be independently and continuously tuned for a given application. A new generation of devices with unique capabilities, ranging from solid-state photomultipliers to resonant tunneling transistors, is emerging from this approach.     

塔河油田集输管道腐蚀与防腐技术

根据塔河油田集输管道的腐蚀现状,从腐蚀介质、焊缝影响、阴保电流影响、腐蚀产物等方面对集输管道的腐蚀原因进行了分析,对材料优选、缓蚀剂、涂层与补口、外防腐补强、工艺优化等防腐技术进行了研究,提出了适合塔河油田集输管道的防腐对策。     

原油罐金属底板的腐蚀与防护

针对原油罐区的腐蚀现状，分析了原油罐底板的腐蚀机理，通过对原油一罐的腐蚀调查、底板测厚，以及对罐底脱水中腐蚀介质及沉积物样的化学分析，提出了使用WF－50防腐涂料加阴极保护的方案，该方案可有效地防止原油罐金属底板的腐蚀。     

保温储罐腐蚀分析及处理方法

通过对保温储罐外壁进行宏观检查及探伤检测发现，储罐外壁局部腐蚀严重，罐体布满麻点。分析了保温层下A3钢的腐蚀机理，指出造成储罐腐蚀的主要原因是由于膜下腐蚀（鼓泡）后雨水及空气中的水分渗入保温层，与保温层产生的Cl^-共同作用在罐壁，形成电化学腐蚀。从防腐涂料，罐基础边缘板的防腐处理等方面提出了减缓储罐腐蚀的改进措施。     

柴油加氢原料罐的腐蚀及防护措施

对两座柴油加氢原料罐的罐顶板、罐壁板、罐底板进行测厚检查发现,罐顶板和上部壁板腐蚀严重,分析认为,腐蚀是由于沿海大气中的盐分、水蒸气、储存介质中所含硫化氢等共同作用下形成的电化学腐蚀所至.提出了在罐顶板和壁板采用喷锌、喷铝外加涂料封闭金属内防腐或刷防腐涂料等有效措施,其中金属内防腐的应用效果较好,可延长油罐的使用寿命.     

硫化氢环境中管道钢的腐蚀及防护

分析了硫化氢环境腐蚀原理,考察了管道钢硫化氢环境下应力腐蚀开裂的类型、条件及特点,列举了长输管道硫化氢腐蚀的主要影响因素.根据国内外典型的管道应力腐蚀开裂事故研究结果及其研究状况,提出了采用保护层、电化学保护以及添加缓蚀剂等预防措施.     

狭义电子商务与广义电子商务

狭义电子商务仅实现网上商品交易信息化，而广义电子商务则是建立在信息技术上的现代商业方法，电子商务又分为初，中，高3个层次，和企业内联网，内联网与因特网连接，以及电子商务软件系统3个部分，并分别阐述了狭义电子商务和广义电子商务的组织与基本流程。     

秦京输油管道腐蚀机理分析及腐蚀检测

针对秦京输油管道存在的土壤腐蚀、应力疲劳腐蚀、杂散电流腐蚀、管体材质不均匀产生的腐蚀问题,进行了腐蚀机理分析,对该管道外防腐层、内腐蚀进行了检测。根据腐蚀机理分析结果评价了秦京输油管道目前的腐蚀状况,认为应将管道防腐层的外检测与内检测相结合,以得出综合结论,有针对性地消除安全运行隐患,对秦京输油管道管网改造提出了建议。     

Biomaterials and biomedical devices

This review discusses the factors important in the incorporation or integration of biomaterials and devices by tissue. Methods for surface modification and surface-sensitive techniques for analysis are cited. In vitro methods to evaluate the biocompatibility or efficacy of certain biomaterials and devices are presented. Present and future directions in neural prostheses, cardiovascular materials, blood or bone substitutes, controlled drug delivery, orthopedic prostheses, dental materials, artificial organs, plasma- and cytapheresis, and dialysis are discussed.     

Microfluidic memory and control devices

We demonstrate microscopic fluidic control and memory elements through the use of an aqueous viscoelastic polymer solution as a working fluid. By exploiting the fluid's non-Newtonian rheological properties, we were able to demonstrate both a flux stabilizer and a bistable flip-flop memory. These circuit elements are analogous to their solid-state electronic counterparts and could be used as components of control systems for integrated microfluidic devices. Such miniaturized fluidic circuits are insensitive to electromagnetic interference and may also find medical applications for implanted drug-delivery devices.     

语篇衔接的机制与手法

语篇衔接分为结构衔接和非结构衔接两种。衔接手段分为词汇衔接和语法衔接两种。本文运用韩礼德和哈桑的衔接理论,以范文的形式,对语篇衔接的机制与手法予以探讨。     

榕山—佛荫输气管道外腐蚀分析及控制措施

通过对榕山－佛荫输气管道进行智能检测发现，管道石油沥青防腐层损坏严重。从管道膜下腐蚀、环焊缝处“死角区”以及阴极保护极化电位不足等方面，对该条管道外壁产生腐蚀的原因进行了分析，提出了管道外腐蚀控制措施和建议。     

油田伴热水系统腐蚀机理与防护技术

针对华北油田三管伴热集油流程中的热水管道存在严重内腐蚀问题,通过对油田集输站水伴热系统的研究,确定了水中溶解氧是影响热水系统腐蚀的主要因素,在系统温度及流速一定的条件下,水中溶解氧含量越高,对金属的腐蚀性影响越大.经试验和筛选对比,确定油田热水系统采用海绵铁滤料除氧装置,可以起到良好的除氧作用,并且清洗"再生"性能好,指出水质通过该滤料后,可以达到良好的除氧效果及缓蚀效果.