Magnesium in sea water: an electrode measurement

Magnesium ion in standard I.A.P.O. sea water was measured with a magnesium-sensitive electrode. The results, presented either as magnesiumion activity (0.017) or as the amount of ionized magnesium (0.048M or about 90 percent of the total magnesium), agree well with the data from the chemical model for sea water proprosed by Garrels and Thompson.     

氧弹燃烧-氟离子选择电极法测定蔬菜中的氟

本试验建立了一种测定蔬菜中氟含量的新方法。蔬菜经氧弹燃烧处理后在一定浓度的高氯酸和柠檬酸钠的介质中利用氟离子选择性电极法测定其微量氟。菠菜、卷心菜、油菜、生菜、香麦、白菜中氟的测定结果表明,氟离子浓度为1.0×10-2~1.0×10-6mol/L范围内呈现良好线性关系,线性相关系数r为0.999 3,相对标准偏差(RSD)为0.93%~1.91%(n=6),不同添加水平中回收率均在96.4%~105.7%之间。     

利用高氯酸作为氟离子选择性电极法的新介质测定食品中的微量氟

对HCLO4作为新介质在氟离子选择性电极法中测定食品中的微量氟做了探索和研究。在0.35 MOL/L HCLO4介质中,氟离子浓度在1.0×10-2~1.0×10-6MOL/L范围内呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数R=0.999 7。利用本法测定了牛奶、卷心菜中氟离子的含量,其结果与现有其他文献方法相当,但本法试验操作大为简化。测定的相对标准偏差在1.54%~2.30%之间。在该介质中测定微量氟操作简便、快速,具有较高的精密度和准确度。所以,HCLO4溶液可作为氟离子选择性电极的测定介质。     

离子选择电极法测定固体废物中氟化物含量的Excel计算模板

离子选择电极法测定固体废物氟化物含量的计算中,设计对数、指数、线性回归方程等,容易出错,方法不宜掌握,若应用计算机办公软件Excel的计算功能建立相应的计算公式,输入已测定数据后,立即自动计算出准确结果。模板适用于固体废物中氟化物含量的计算,计算结果即准确,又减轻监测技术人员的劳动强度。     

Magnesium ions: activity in seawater

The activity of magnesium ions in seawater was determined from solubility data and found to be between the values determined by Platford and by Garrels and Thompson. Our value may result from extensive formation of magnesium sulfate ion pairs.     

Direct measurement of femtomoles of osmium and the 187Os/186Os ratio in seawater

Two depth profiles of the osmium concentration and the 187Os/186Os isotopic ratio in the Indian Ocean showed that the osmium concentration seems to be unaltered by chemical or biological processes occuring in seawater; accordingly, osmium is conservative. These data were obtained from an experimental method that eliminated the problems related to osmium preconcentration. This method led to a new evaluation of the concentration of osmium in seawater; the mean concentration of osmium and the 187Os/186Os ratio are equal to 10.86 +/- 0.07 picograms per kilogram and 8.80 +/- 0.07, respectively. The results suggest the existence of an organocomplex that dominates the speciation of osmium in seawater.     

Aluminum in seawater: control by inorganic processes

The distribution of dissolved aluminum in open ocean waters is probably controlled by the solution of aluminum from atmospherically derived particles and bottom sediments balanced against scavenging by siliceous shells of dead organisms. Variations in the aluminum concentration within vertical hydrographic profiles are small as compared to those for other trace metals. Aluminum concentrations in the Atlantic and Pacific are inversely related to the silica contents of these oceans.     

Aluminum in seawater: control by biological activity

The distribution and concentration of dissolved aluminum in a vertical hydrographic profile in the Mediterranean Sea near Corsica are controlled by biological activity. The concentrations of dissolved silica and aluminum covary in the profile and exhibit minima coincident with the seasonal thermocline, a nitrate minimum, and an oxygen maximum. These observations support the hypothesis that the silicon and aluminum cycles in the oceans are linked through the activity of diatoms.     

Magnesium interaction with the surface of calcite in seawater

Magnesian calcite overgrowth containing 4 (+/- 2) mole percent magnesium carbonate forms on calcite exposed to natural seawater near the ocean surface. This magnesian calcite is approximately 30 percent less soluble in seawater than pure calcite. The formation of the magnesian calcite of reduced solubility may have a major influence on calcite accumulation in deep sea sediments.     

Nitric oxide in seawater

Nitrite photolysis at natural light intensities and normal nitrite concentrations in seawater produced detectable concentrations of nitric oxide, which was consumed rapidly by a dark chemical reaction in the laboratory. Nitric oxide was also detected in situ in nitrite-rich surface waters of the central equatorial Pacific, where it formed in daylight and disappeared rapidly at sunset. The formation and rapid cycling of nitric oxide implies the presence of other free radicals in seawater, perhaps as intermediates in ongoing autoxidation processes. The central equatorial Pacific is a nitric oxide source to the atmosphere.     

含氟牙膏中的氟含量测定方法准确度探究

[目的]研究含氟牙膏中的氟含量测定方法的准确度.[方法]采用氟离子选择电极法和离子色谱法测定黑人、中华和佳洁士3种牙膏中氟离子的含量.[结果]氟离子选择电极法测得的3种牙膏氟含量分别为0.071 4％、0.103 0％和0.076 8％,而离子色谱法测得的3种牙膏氟含量分别为0.109 5％、0.197 2％和0.137 0％.3种牙膏所标氟含量分别为0.10％、0.14％和0.11％.[结论]氟离子选择电极法测定值比样品的实际标注值低,而离子色谱法测得结果比样品的实际标注值略高.比较两种方法与标注值的差,发现离子色谱法比氟离子选择电极法测定结果更准确.对氟离子选择电极法和离子色谱法的样品进行了加标回收试验,回收率分别在93.45％～97.70％和107.28％～108.80％.     

Evaporation of seawater: calculated mineral sequences

Van't Hoff's predictions of the mineral sequences to be expected on the evaporation of seawater are based on an oversimplified system. New computer calculation that include calcium-bearing phases are in better agreement with natural occurrences, removing discrepancies that have plagued evaporite geologists for nearly a century. A new hydrologic model that combines equilibrium batch evaporation with fractionation between successive batches is proposed to account for the mineral sequences observed in such classic deposits as the German Zechstein.     

外源La(Ⅲ)和Si对水稻幼苗植硅体固镧能力的影响

为研究环境中稀土元素(REEs)和硅(Si)对植物植硅体固镧能力(PLSA)的影响,以水稻(Oryza sativa L.)为代表,通过设置不同浓度镧[La(Ⅲ)]和Si正交实验,利用微波消解法提取根、茎和叶植硅体,以电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱和实时荧光定量PCR等实验手段揭示环境La(Ⅲ)对水稻各器官PLSA的影响。结果显示,低浓度La(Ⅲ)使叶哑铃型植硅体大小和根Lsi1表达增加,促进叶和根PLSA,而高浓度La(Ⅲ)会减少叶哑铃型植硅体大小,降低根Lsi1和Lsi2表达,抑制根、茎和叶PLSA。外源La(Ⅲ)是提高根、茎和叶植硅体镧固定效率的重要因素。与单一La(Ⅲ)浓度影响相比,La(Ⅲ)与Si的复合处理显著促进叶和茎PLSA,外源Si能够缓解高浓度La(Ⅲ)对根、茎和叶PLSA的抑制作用。研究证明不同浓度的外源La(Ⅲ)和Si能够改变水稻不同器官的PLSA。     

氟病流行区不同土壤类型氟含量状况的研究

对九个土壤类型土壤全氟及水浸氟含量的研究表明：棕壤、粗骨士自然土壤的全氟含量较高，但可给态氟的输出能力较弱。土壤的水浸氟含量以碱性土＞微碱性土＞中性土＞酸性土。潮土中，土壤的水浸氟含量随粕粒及有机质含量的增加而减少。     

Biological control of dissolved aluminum in seawater: experimental evidence

Experimental evidence supports the hypothesis that the concentration and distribution of dissolved aluminum in ocean water are controlled by biological activity in the surface waters. The growth of the diatom Skeletonema costatum in artificial seawater media spiked with aluminum reduced the aluminum concentration to that actually found in surface open ocean waters (about 0.5 micrograms per liter). Furthermore, aluminum had a catalytic and limiting effect on the growth of the diatoms.     

Tin and methyltin species in seawater: concentrations and fluxes

The concentrations of tin and methyltin species in rivers, an estuary, and the surface and deep ocean generally are less than 50 picomoles of tin per liter. Estuarine profiles and river concentrations suggest that the dissolved riverine input of tin is only a minor source of this element to the oceans. Oceanic concentrations of inorganic tin decrease both with distance from land and with increasing depth from the surface, an indication of atmospheric transport to the surface ocean. Most of the contemporaneous eolian influx of tin to the oceans is anthropogenic. The vertical structure oftin concentrations in the northwestern Atlantic can be explained in terms of a model based on eolian input, advective processes, and removal of tin by particulate scavenging.     

灌溉水与茶树氟含量关系研究

[目的]研究灌溉水与茶树氟含量的关系。[方法]对四川南路边茶原料主产区的茶树和灌溉水中的氟含量进行了测定。[结果]茶树1芽4叶新梢与当年生老叶氟含量范围分别为48.83~170.13 mg/kg和555.78~1 015.50 mg/kg,二者之间的差异可达4~15倍;灌溉水氟含量范围在0.08~0.40 mg/L,与茶树当年生老叶氟含量呈显著正相关,而与茶树1芽4叶新梢氟含量关系不明显。[结论]为茶园灌溉水氟限量指标的制定及四川边茶降氟提供了参考。