Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

Study on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs

[Objective]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs with identical dose( 16 g/kg) and to provide reliable experiment basis for the clinical development and application of anti-inflammatory drugs. [Methods]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs by acetic acid writhing,hot plate method,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acetic acid. [Results]After intragastric administration of drugs( 16 g / kg) in mice for 7 days,the inhibiting effects of Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Radix Ilicis Asprellae and Trikeraia hookeri on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice were significant and the inhibiting effects of which on the increase of capillary permeability in mice induced by acetic acid were also significant( P 0. 05). Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum and Bidens biternata could inhibit ear swelling caused by xylene in mice significantly and Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius could inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in mice significantly( P 0. 05). The effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs on thymus and spleen were not significant( P 0. 05); Trikeraia hookeri,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,ovate leaf Holly Bark,Radix Helicteris, Nervilia fordii and Herba Polygoni Chinensis could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid and increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus; Evodia lepta Merr and Pronephrium triphyllum could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid,ovate leaf Holly Bark could significantly prolong the latent time of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 05) and Bidens biternata could significantly increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus. [Conclusions]Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri, Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius had anti-inflammatory action; Radix Helicteris,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr and ovate leaf Holly Bark,etc. had analgesic effect.     

Screening of the Anti-inflammatory Fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE

[Objective] to screen the anti-inflammatory fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE.[Methods] Anti-inflammatory fraction was screened by using mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability model induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling model induced by carrageenan,and effects on PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan.[Results]Compared with 5% Tween-80 group,the high-and middle dosage groups(30,15 g/kg) of water fraction had significantly inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan(P0.05,0.01).Other fractions had weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions] Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of HERBA COMMELINAE.     

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI in Acute Inflammation Animal Model

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI in acute inflammation animal model.[Methods]Two acute inflammation animal models were established,including the auricle swelling test model of mice induced by xylene,and the abdominal capillary permeability model of mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid. The anti-inflammatory effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI were observed. [Results]CORTEX PHELLODENDRI had different inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene,and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid. The alkaloid part had significant differences with model group(P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Alkaloid part had good anti-inflammatory effects; while the effects of n-butanol,ethyl acetate,chloroform and petroleum ether parts were in different degrees.     

The Anti-inflammatory and Antiasthma Activities of the Extracts from the Leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities of the extracts from the leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.[Methods] Ethanol extracts were obtained from the crude powder of E. macrophylla leaves. Asthmogenic method by nebulization was carried out; auricular swelling of mice was induced by xylene so as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. [Results] Extracts from E. macrophylla leaves had relatively strong anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities,which were significant when the extracts dosage of E. macrophylla was 40 mg / kg. The activities enhanced significantly as the extracts dosage increased.[Conclusions]High-dosage extracts showed the same anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities as the positive control,which had relatively high values of development and utilization.     

Determination of TPA Content in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and Its Anti- inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To establish a method of determining the content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and investigate its anti-inflammatory action. [Methods]Chlorogenic acid was used as reference substance and diluted with 50% methanol solution to constant volume. The absorbancy was determined at wavelength of 426 nm by ultraviolet spectroscopy. With aspirin as positive control,the anti-inflammatory action of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder was studied by ear swelling caused by xylene in mice. [Results] The average content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder was 5. 22% and the RSD reached 0. 17%. It could significantly relieve ear swelling caused by xylene in mice. Compared with normal saline,the result was of significant difference(P 0. 01). [Conclusions]The method was convenient and accurate,so it could be used to measure the content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and explore its anti-inflammatory action.     

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Aquilaria sinensis Leaves and Its Comparison with LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in Pharmacological Actions

[Objective]To research the pharmacodynamic effects of Aquilaria sinensis leaves,and to compare pharmacological actions between A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM. [Methods]Pharmacological experiments of analgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity were carried out by whole animal tests. [Results] glucose values of diabetic mice induced by alloxan reduced significantly in LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves had extremely significant inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Low- and middle-dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group had significant inhibitory effects on pains induced by thermal stimulus and acetic acid( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),and obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05);and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves also obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05). Water extracts of A. sinensis leaves showed significant differences in time to falling asleep and sleeping time of mice( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group significantly enhanced the intestine moving distance and rate( P 0. 05,P 0. 01 or 0. 001). [Conclusions]Ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM had certain functions ofanalgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity. Effects of ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves were equal to the effects of LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM; and the ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves was superior to LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in anti-asthma and promoting intestine moving activity.     

丹翘灌注液抗炎镇痛作用的研究

研究丹翘灌注液的抗炎镇痛作用。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿、小鼠醋酸扭体反应、小鼠福尔马林致痛模型观察丹翘灌注液的抗炎和镇痛作用。40、20、10 g/kg的丹翘灌注液能不同程度的抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球引起的肉芽肿增生;不同程度的减少醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数和福尔马林引起的舔足时间。结果表明,丹翘灌注液具有抗炎、镇痛的作用。     

桔梗、白花蛇舌草不同组分对人肺癌细胞A549的抑制作用

为筛选桔梗和白花蛇舌草中的抗肿瘤活性成分,制备桔梗总黄酮、总皂苷提取物,白花蛇舌草总黄酮、总蒽醌提取物,采用亚硝酸钠-硝酸铝比色法检测总黄酮含量,香草醛法检测总皂苷含量,紫外吸收法检测总蒽醌含量,采用四甲基偶氮唑蓝比色法(MTT)检测四种提取物对人肺癌细胞A549的抑制作用。结果表明：桔梗和白花蛇舌草总黄酮含量分别为5.51% 和1.19%,桔梗总皂苷含量为1.71%,白花蛇舌草总蒽醌含量为7.81%。桔梗总皂苷浓度为0.04 mg/mL时,对人肺癌细胞A549抑制率达到87.59%,桔梗总黄酮浓度为0.5 mg/mL时,抑制率达到89.16%。白花蛇舌草总蒽醌浓度为1.2 mg/mL时,抑制率达到34.76%;白花蛇舌草总黄酮浓度为0.3 mg/mL时,抑制率达到24.33%。试验认为,桔梗总黄酮和总皂苷对肺癌细胞A549的抑制作用较强,可为抗肿瘤药物的研究提供参考。     

Anti-bacterial Effects in Vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and Its Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Effects on Animal

[Objective] To research the anti-bacterial effects in vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects on animal. [Methods]Anti-bacterial effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules were detected by MIC method and drug sensitive test. A total of60 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group,aspirin group,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middledosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,and high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules. Mice were given drugs by gavage for 7 d. Swelling degree of ear slice was calculated and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middle-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,positive drug group,blank control group and model group. Endotoxin was administrated through the ear venous in order to establish febrile model. Effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules on the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin were analyzed. Blood was collected by heart blood collection method. When the plasma was separated,cA MP content in rabbits were detected. [Results] The MIC values to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium welchii,Salmonella typhimurium,Candida albicans were 3. 75,1. 875,15,7. 5 and 7. 5 mg / mL,respectively. The swelling degree of mice slice in model group reached 121. 7%. And the swelling degrees in high- and middle-dosage groups of Jinweng Zhili Granules were 55. 6% and 56. 2%,respectively,which had extremely significant differences with that of model group( P 0. 01).Jinweng Zhili Granules reduced the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin. The cA MP content in model group was 34. 13 pmol / mL; and the cA MP contents in high-and low-dosage groups were 24. 74 and 26. 61 pmol / mL,respectively,which had extremely significant differences compared with model group( P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Jinweng Zhili Granules had anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and antipyretic effects.     

Extraction and Content Determination of Polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand-Mazz. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To explore the methods for extraction and content determination of polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.,and to observe its anti-inflammatory effect. [Methods] Polysaccharides were extracted by hot water. The content determination was performed at wavelength 490 nm with phenol-sulfuric acid as a chromomeric agent. [Results]The content of HPS was 4. 94% in same batch of radix hedysari slices,while that reached 45. 30% in refined radix hedysari samples. HPS inhibited the xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.[Conclusions]The phenol-sulfuric acid method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and HPS has anti-inflammatory effect.     

商洛桔梗氮磷钾不同配比施肥效应研究

以商洛桔梗为研究材料,在探讨不同施肥处理的产量、品质及经济效益的基础上,确定氮磷钾最佳施肥配比,以期为商洛桔梗优质高产栽培提供合理的施肥依据。采用3因素2次饱和-D最优设计方案进行田间试验,获取桔梗的产量数据;采用超声法提取总皂苷,香草醛-硫酸比色法测定桔梗总皂苷含量;采用苯酚-硫酸比色法测定桔梗多糖含量;根据试验产量和肥料投入,测算增收率。试验结果表明：（1）施肥能提高桔梗药材产量。10个处理中以氮磷钾三元素配施（8、9、10处理）产量增幅显著,处理9的增产效应最为明显,其1年生、2年生试验产量增幅分别为84.30%和75.38%。（2）合理的氮磷钾配比能够提高桔梗药材质量。2年生桔梗处理9的桔梗总皂苷含量最高达8.41%,比对照组提高71.98%。（3）经济效益分析表明处理9的增收率最高达69.4%。在本研究条件下,依据桔梗产量、质量及经济效益得出商洛桔梗最优施肥方案为处理9（折合为N 325.92、P₂O₅ 664.16、K₂O 416.46 kg/hm²）。     

栽培密度对亳州桔梗生长生理特性的影响

为探讨密度对桔梗生长生理特性的影响,设计5个密度栽培试验,测定了不同密度处理桔梗植株茎高、根长、根粗,叶片的光合色素含量和光合特性,桔梗植株对氮磷钾的吸收和体内分布情况以及根中桔梗总皂苷含量。结果表明,密度处理显著影响单株桔梗茎高、根长、根粗、单株干重、光合色素含量、净光合速率、水分蒸腾速率、气孔导度和胞间CO_2浓度以及总皂苷含量。高密度条件下,单株发育较差,生长生理指标显著下降;低密度条件下,单株发育良好,生长生理指标及总皂苷含量较高,但单位面积生物产量较低。植株对氮、磷的吸收趋势一致,生育前、中期吸收逐渐增加,中期达到吸收高峰,后期逐渐降低,前期主要分布在叶片、茎中,中期分布在花果比例较大,后期转移至根部,密度与单株氮、磷吸收量成反比。相比氮、磷吸收,桔梗对于钾的吸收量较小,前后生育期在体内分布趋势相似,中期分布均衡,密度对钾的吸收、分布无显著性影响。综合生物产量和药用部位产量及药效成分含量考虑,闽北、中部地区南桔梗的种植密度在M3左右(约49.5万~45.0万株/hm~2)为宜。     

不同处理对桔梗种子萌发特性的影响

[目的]采用不同化学试剂对桔梗种子萌发特性进行研究,为桔梗种子的人工栽培、种苗培育提供科学依据.[方法]选用6种常用种子处理试剂即0.1％ HgCl2、10％ H2O2、0.5％KMnO4、75％ C2H5OH、2.0％NaClO和0.16％HCHO分别浸种5,10,20 min处理,对桔梗种子萌发及幼苗生长进行测定.[结果]用0.1％HgCl2处理5 min效果较好;用10％ H2O2浸种10 min效果较好;用0.5％ KMnO4浸种10 min效果较好;用75％C2 H5 OH浸种5 min效果较好;桔梗种子采用2.0％ NaClO处理20 min效果较好;用0.16％ HCHO处理10 min效果较好.综合分析表明,用2.0％NaClO浸种20 min后,桔梗种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和根长均达到所有处理中的最大值,因此,2.0％ NaClO浸种20 min为桔梗的最佳处理方法.[结论]筛选出桔梗种子萌发的适宜浸种试剂和浸种时间,对桔梗种子育苗具有重要指导意义.     

Determination of Lantadene A Contents in the Crude Extracts from Stems,Leaves and Fruits of Lantana camara L. and Their Antibacterial Activities

[Objective] To find new plant source having antibacterial activities to Staphylococcus aureus. [Methods]Lantadene A( LA) was isolated and identified from Lantana camara L.; the structure of LA was identified by1 H NMR spectrum. With LA as the standard substance,the LA contents in the stems,leaves and fruits of L. camara were detected by UV spectrophotometry; and antibacterial test was carried out by disc agar diffusion. [Results]LA contents in the dry powders of L. camara stems,leaves and fruits were 1. 49,3. 43 and 2. 74 mg / g,respectively. Results of antibacterial test showed that the crude extracts from L. camara stems,leaves and fruits had certain bacteriostatic activitives to S. aureus. And bacteriostatic activities had positive correlation with the LA content. [Conclusions] Lantadene A isolated from L. camara had certain inhibitory effects on S. aureus,which was worthy of further research.     

食用色素与化学染料对桔梗切花的染色效应

探讨了6种食用色素与20种化学染料对桔梗切花的染色效应。结果表明：桔梗切花对日落黄、苋菜红适应性较好,其次为亮蓝、胭脂红,对鸡蛋黄、果绿适应性较差。不同食用色素适宜的染色浓度和染色时间分别为日落黄(18g/L、6h)、苋菜红(15g/L、7h)、亮蓝(12g/L、6h)、胭脂红(15g/L、6h)、鸡蛋黄(18g/L、8h)、果绿(18g/L、8h);桔梗对化学染料的适应性均较差,在20种供试的化学染色剂中,只有7种能够不同程度的染色,其中溴酚蓝（6g/L,8h）、甲基蓝（5g/L,8h）染色效果较好。温度高、切花开放程度大时染色速度快,花枝去叶与否对染色效果影响不明显。染色后的桔梗瓶插寿命显著缩短,但能达到切花所要求的4～6d的观赏期。     

超干处理对桔梗种子生理特性的影响

将同一批桔梗种子经过不同时间的超干处理,然后经过回湿处理、老化处理,测定种子的发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活力以及种子浸出液电导率,研究超干处理对种子生理生化特性的影响。结果表明随着超干处理时间的增加,桔梗种子含水量逐渐降低,与自然含水量对照种子相比,经老化处理后超干种子的各项生理指标保持了较高水平,发芽势、发芽指数分别高于对照3-5%、9.6-21.4%,回湿后种子浸出液电导率降低7.3-28.2%,膜系统完好程度高于对照,丙二醛含量低于对照10.3-66.1%,过氧化物酶活性高于对照10.5-40.7%,耐贮性显著提高。结论：南桔梗种子超干贮藏最适合水分应在3.06%左右。     

熟制咸鸭蛋质量分析及其分级标准的建议

为了解市场上熟咸鸭蛋的质量并建立分级标准,对来自不同省市的6个品牌真空包装熟咸鸭蛋进行了部分品质指标分析。所测样品蛋白部分含水量80.03%~82.56%、含盐量5.25%~10.45%;蛋黄部分含水量26.86%~39.53%、含盐量2.06%~3.22%、脂肪总量39.81%~50.82%,出油率11.28%~22.26%。蛋白和蛋黄的含盐量在样品间都有很大的差异,含盐量普遍偏高;蛋黄含水量、脂肪含量和出油率在样品间变化幅度也较大。多数样品蛋黄有明显的出油状态,但在质构上发生"泥化"或者部分"泥化",失去了原有的完整形态;蛋白色泽灰暗;蛋黄颜色劣变严重。根据对市场咸蛋质量的分析研究,提出了咸蛋质量分级的参考标准。     

Determination of Plumbagin Contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE under Different Grown Conditions

[Objective]To determine the plumbagin contents in the stems,leaves and roots of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE under different grown conditions,and to provide test data for its domestication. [Methods]The plumbagin contents in the stems,leaves and roots of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE were detected by RP-HPLC. [Results] Plumbagin contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE grown in mellow soil and clay were higher than those grown in sandy and raw soils. Plumbagin contents in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE applying K and N fertilizers were higher than that of P fertilizer. Plumbagin content was the maximum in HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE grown under full illumination. Plumbago contents in the roots,stems,and leaves grown under different reproduction modes showed only slight changes. [Conclusions]Considering from the angle of plumbagin content,the optimal cultivation condition for HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE was as follows: a given amount of N and K fertilizers should be applied during the growth of cutting seedlings of HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE on clay; and full illumination should be provided. Under this condition,the high-yield and highquality HERBA PLUMBAGINIS ZEYLANICAE could be obtained.     

Effect of Coronatine on AsA-GSH Cycle of Cotton Seedling under Low Temperature Stress

[Objective] In order to explore the stress-resistant mechanism of coronatine, an indoor experiment was conducted to study the effect of coronatine on ascorbate-glutathione circulatory system of the vegetative organs of cotton seedling under low temperature stress. [Method] Xinluzao 57 was used as the experimental material, when the seedlings reached the two-leaf stage, they were treated at 25 ℃ and 4 ℃ after spraying water, marked as CK and LT; the same treatment was conducted after spraying 0.01 μmol·L^－1 coronatine, marked as COR and (LT+COR). After 1 d of treatment, the roots, stems and leaves of cotton seedling were collected to determine the antioxidant contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. [Result] Compared with the control treatment (CK), the APX, MDHAR activities and DHA, GSH, glutathione contents decreased, the GPX activity, AsA and ascorbate contents increased, and no significant effect on DHAR and GR activities were observed in roots, stems and leaves of cotton seedling after spraying water at low temperature (LT), while in leaves, the GSSG content decreased, AsA-DHA ratio and GSH-GSSG ratio showed the maximum increase. Compared with the LT treatment, spraying COR at low temperature (LT+COR) showed increased APX, MDHAR, DHAR, GPX, GR activities and AsA, DHA, GSH, ascorbate contents; glutathione content in roots, stems and leaves of cotton seedling, and GSSG content, AsA-DHA ratio and GSH-GSSG ratio obviously changed in leaves. [Conclusion] Spraying COR at low temperature could regulate the AsA-GSH metabolism and alleviate the damage caused by low temperature to cotton seedling. COR had the strongest relieving effect on seedling leaves.