铅与维生素C对小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化的影响

以五周龄昆白系小鼠为试验动物,在饲喂小鼠普通日粮基础上每天灌喂一定量铅（Pb）、维生素C（Vc）、Vc+Pb,Vc用量200mg/kg,Pb四个浓度分别为1.2g/L 、0.4g/L、0.13g/L、0.043g/L,饲喂期三周,检测小鼠肝脏中铅与丙二醛(MDA)含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)的活性变化。结果表明：铅在小鼠肝脏中大量蓄集,并引起MDA含量增加;加Pb组与空白对照组相比SOD酶活性降低,且随着铅浓度的降低而升高;CAT活性测定显示： Pb1、Pb2组与空白对照组相比差异显著（p<0.05）,Pb3组差异极显著(p<0.01),除Vc+Pb4组与Pb4组相比差异不显著(P>0.05)外,其他Vc+Pb组与其对应加Pb组比较,均差异显著（p<0.05）;POD活性测定表明：Vc组与空白组相比差异极显著(p<0.01),Pb1、Pb3组与空白组比较差异显著（p<0.05）,Pb2、Pb4与空白组比较差异极显著(p<0.01),除Vc+Pb1组与Pb1组差异不显著(P>0.05),其他Vc加Pb组与单独加Pb组相比差异极显著(p<0.01)。因此,Pb可增强小鼠肝脏脂质过氧化,而Vc可减轻铅引起的过氧化损伤     

Protective Effects of Coriolus versciclor Polysaccharides on Liver Injury of Mice Induced by CCl_4

[Objective] To discuss the protective effects of Coriolus versciclor polysaccharides on liver injury of mice induced by CCl4.[Methods]40 male Kunming mice at four moths old were randomly divided into four groups,which were control group,model group,C. versciclor polysaccharides protection group and feeds + C. versciclor polysaccharides group. Mice were fed for 8 d. On 2 h after final administration,intraperitoneal injection of blend oil solution was carried out was carried out in control group. And in other groups,intraperitoneal injection of0. 15% CCl4 blend oil solution( 10 mL / kg) was conducted. After 18 h,eyeballs were collected and serum was isolated. Livers were taken out and the hepatosomatic index was calculated. Liver homogenate was prepared and the ALT and AST were detected,as well as the SOD and NOS activities,and MDA,GSH and NO contents.[Results] Compared with model group,C. versciclor polysaccharides in different administration ways reduced the hepatosomatic index( P 0. 05) and MDA content( P 0. 001),lowered the AST activity in serum( P 0. 05),the NOS activity and the NO content( P 0. 01),and enhanced the SOD activity and GSH content( P 0. 01).[Conclusions] C. versciclor polysaccharides in different administration ways protected the liver injury of mice induced by CCl4.     

Immunomodulatory Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Immunosuppressed Mice

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. [Methods] The immunosuppressive mice model was established by 80 mg / kg cyclophosphamide. The spleen index,spleen lymphocyte proliferation capability,serum hemolysin antibody generation and serum IL-2 level of mice were researched,so as to observe the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides at different dosages( 100,200,400 mg / kg). [Results] Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the spleen index of immunosuppressed mice,improved the proliferation capability of spleen lymphocyte,promoted the generation of serum hemolysin antibody in normal mice,and protected against the secretion reduction of serum hemolysin antibody induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides,Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the IL-2 levels in serum of both immunosuppressed and normal mice,especially that the middle-and low-dosage groups had relatively significant effects.[Conclusions] Yupingfeng polysaccharides protected against the immunosuppression of mice induced by cyclophosphamide,enhanced the immune function and protected the spleen function of mice.     

黄芪多糖对氟苯尼考诱导的免疫抑制小鼠保护作用

为了调节动物免疫状态和改善机体防御能力提供试验依据。利用MTT法和ELISA法探讨黄芪多糖对免疫抑制小鼠免疫功能的调节作用,建立氟苯尼考诱导免疫抑制小鼠模型,通过称重计算脾脏指数;MTT法检测T、B淋巴细胞增殖反应;双抗夹心ELISA方法检测小鼠血清中IgG,IgG1,IgG2b抗体水平。结果表明：黄芪多糖能够提高免疫抑制小鼠的脾脏指数,在ConA或者LPS刺激下提高T、B淋巴细胞增殖率,提高抗体水平。黄芪多糖在一定剂量下对氟苯尼考诱导的免疫抑制小鼠有一定的保护作用。     

何首乌多糖的研究进展

何首乌多糖是植物何首乌块根中提取到的一种新活性成分,目前已成为何首乌研究的又一亮点。何首乌多糖具有免疫调节、抗氧化、抗衰老和抗老年痴呆等生物活性作用。概述了何首乌多糖的提取、分离纯化和结构分析,以及其生物活性的研究进展,介绍了不同炮制方法对何首乌多糖的影响,总结了当前何首乌多糖研究中存在的问题并指出其今后研究的发展方向。     

Effects of Qiweijingganling on Alcoholic Liver Injury of Rats

[Objective] Based on oxidative stress and inflammatory mechanism,the protective effects of Qiweijingganling(QWJGL) on rats liver injury induced by alcohol were researched,which contained seven Traditional Chinese Medicines.[Methods]A total of 72 rats were randomly divided into six groups according to the body weight,which were normal group,model group,bifendate group(50 mg/kg) and QWJGL dosage groups(400,200,100 mg/kg).Administration was carried out once each day.On the 30 thday,rats were given 53% white wine(0.1kg/d) by gavage,except the normal group.The alcoholic liver damage model was established.Effects on alanine aminotransferase(ALT),glutamic oxalacetic transaminase(AST),malondialdehyde( MDA),glutathione peroxidase(PSH-PX) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity were detected by colorimetry.Liver tissue tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) contents were detected by ELISA method.[Results] Compared with model group,QWJGL significantly reduced the ALT,AST and MDA actives in rats serum,enhanced the PSH-PX and SOD activities,and lowered the TNF-α and IL-6 contents in liver tissues( P 0.05).[Conclusions]QWJGL reduced the rats liver injury induced by alcohol,the mechanism of which might be related to the reduction of oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory action.     

Protective Effects of Total Flavonoids in Polygonum perfoliatum L.on the Acute Liver Injury of Mice Induced by CCl_4 and Its Action Mechanism

[Objective] To research on the protective effects of total flavonoids in Polygonum perfoliatum L. on the acute liver injury of mice induced by CCl4 and its action mechanism. [Methods]Flavonoids were extracted from P. perfoliatum by chemical method. Acute liver injury model of mice was established by intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 peanut oil. The biochemical indexes of ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6in mice serum were detected. Histopathological examination of liver tissue was carried out. [Results] Flavonoids in P. perfoliatum restricted the ALT,AST,TNF-α,IL-1β and IL-6 activities in mice serum with acute liver injury( P 0. 01,P 0. 05). Results of histopathological examination also showed that flavonoids significantly improved the liver injury of mice. [Conclusions] Flavonoids in P. perfoliatum showed protective effects of acute liver injury of mice induced by CCl4; and its mechanism might be related with anti-inflammation.     

The Protection and Regulatory Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Mice with Immune Function Damage

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on mice with immune function damage.[Methods]The immunosuppressive mice mode was established by 80 mg/kg cyclophosphamide. Effects of different dosages of Yupingfeng polysaccharides( 150,300,600 mg / kg) on structure and function recovery of mice immune organs were observed. [Results]The thymus and spleen in mice enlarged significantly; spleen index of mice increased obviously; splenic lymphocyte proliferation and transformation capacitates and NK cell activity all increased significantly( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Besides,spleen structure was damaged with compensatory hyperplasia of lymphoid tissue. Observation of polysaccharides positive control group( no administration of cyclophosphamide) showed that after mice were stimulated by Yupingfeng polysaccharides,spleens showed structural hyperplasia and hypertrophy. [Conclusions]Yupingfeng polysaccharides significantly promoted the structural and functional compensation of spleen after immunosuppression,and had obvious enhancement effects on spleen functions of normal mice.     

红托竹荪菌丝体多糖饮料的制备及其对小鼠运动耐力的影响

为研制红托竹荪菌丝体多糖饮料,采用单因素和正交试验优化饮料组分的最佳配比,并考察其对小鼠运动耐力的影响。结果表明,红托竹荪菌丝体多糖饮料的最佳配方为：红托竹荪菌丝体多糖添加量10%,蔗糖添加量3%,柠檬酸添加量0.06%,羧甲基纤维素钠添加量0.8%,采用该配方制得的饮料感官评分为（86.2±1.7）分。运动耐力实验结果表明,与空白对照组相比较,红托竹荪菌丝体多糖饮料（中、高剂量）能够明显延长小鼠的爬杆时间与游泳力竭时间,并显著降低运动后血清中乳酸与尿素氮的含量,表明该饮料有助于提高机体的运动耐力,从而可为相关运动食品的开发提供参考。     

辣椒粉、大蒜素和维生素C对嘉积鸭生产性能的影响

摘 要：为研究辣椒粉、大蒜素和维生素C对生长前期嘉积鸭生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,采用单因子试验设计,将1日龄嘉积鸭,在体重相近的原则下随机分成4个处理组,对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验组分别在基础日粮中添加0.4%辣椒粉,0.01%大蒜素和0.1%维生素C。每个处理设3个重复,每个重复16只试鸭,进行为期70天的饲养试验。结果表明,在基础日粮中添加0.4%辣椒粉、0.01%大蒜素和0.1%维生素C三种添加剂,均提高了嘉积鸭试验各期的生长速度,在一定程度上均能改善嘉积鸭的屠宰性能,显著降低皮脂沉积。建议在嘉积鸭的早期饲养中添加辣椒粉、大蒜素和维生素,以提高生产性能和增加经济效益。     

低温及乙烯利处理鳞茎对药百合的影响

调查了不同的低温处理和乙烯利浓度对药百合生长发育的影响。结果表明 ,在用 2 0 mg· L- 1 浓度的乙烯利处理鳞茎后 ,配合 5～ 8℃的温度 2 8d可缩短发芽日数、到花日数 ,增加了花蕾数、叶数和株高     

维生素C浸种对盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子发芽特性的影响

用维生素C对紫花苜蓿种子进行浸种预处理.研究其对盐胁迫下紫花苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数及胚芽、胚根生长的影响.结果表明,维生素C浸种,可在不同浓度NaCl处理条件下,促进紫花苜蓿种子的萌发,增强苜蓿根系和幼苗的生长,提高其抗盐能力.     

Protective Effects of the Compatibility of Herba schizonepetae and Radix saposhnikoviae on Lipopolysaccharide-induced Acute Lung Injury in Mice

[Objective]To observe the protective effects of volatile oil,water decoction containing oil,water decoction without oil extractives from the compatibility of Herba schizonepetae and Radix saposhnikoviae on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice,and reveal the anti-inflammatory effects and material base of this medicine pair. [Methods] The ALI model was prepared by injecting 5 mg /kg of lipopolysaccharide(LPS) into the enterocoelia of mice. Mice in dexamethasone group were injected once into enterocoelia(5 mg /kg),while in the rest groups gavage administration on mice was continued for 5 days and once each day,and modeling was done 30 min after the last time of administration(except the blank group). After LPS was injected for 6 h,blood was taken from mice and the serum was isolated,bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) was collected and the lung tissue was drawn out. The following items were measured: white blood cell count and differential count; total protein content in mice BALF; lung index,lung wet /dry(W /D) weight ratio; myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity and malonaldehyde(MDA) content of lung tissue; the level of serum interlukin 6(IL-6),interlukin 10(IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α). [Results]Via the use of volatile oil(45. 19 μL/kg) and water decoction containing oil(6. 67 g/kg,containing 20 μL oil) from the compatibility of Herba schizonepetae and Radix saposhnikoviae,whole blood white blood cell(WBC) and lymphocyte(LY) counts in ALI mice were significantly reduced,lung index,lung W /D weight ratio,lung tissue MPO activity and MDA content were decreased,and the increase of serum IL-10 and TNF-α content was restrained; via the water decoction without oil(6. 67 g /kg),whole blood WBC and LY counts,lung W /D ratio and lung tissue MDA content were significantly reduced. Serum IL-6 level was also significantly decreased by volatile oil. [Conclusions]Volatile oil and water decoction containing oil extracted from the compatibility of Herba schizonepetae and Radix saposhnikoviae can exert good oppositional effects on the lung tissue inflammatory lesion of ALI mice. It manifests anti-inflammatory effects,and the action mechanism is related to inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and antioxidation. Volatile oil can be regarded as one of the important material bases for it to exert anti-inflammatory effects.     

甘草黄酮对小鼠急性肺损伤保护机制的研究

为了研究甘草黄酮对非特异性肺部损伤小鼠的预防和治疗作用,采用脂多糖(LPS)滴鼻法建立了小鼠急性肺损伤模型。分别于造模前1 h和造模后1 h给予甘草黄酮(30 mg/kg)。在LPS滴入后6、12、24 h检测支气管肺泡灌洗液BALF中的细胞因子水平;测定肺组织湿干重(W/D)比率,观察肺部组织学的病理变化;并用Western-blot方法检测NF-κB水平变化。结果表明：甘草黄酮可以显著降低肺组织的W/D比率,减轻肺组织中炎性细胞的浸润,抑制肿瘤坏死因子α (TNF-α)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)和白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)等炎性细胞因子的产生,而且治疗的效果要优于预防的效果。Western结果显示：甘草黄酮可以显著抑制IκB的降解以及NF-κB向核内的转移,从而抑制了LPS下游的常见通路,即NF-κB信号通路,由此我们得出结论,甘草黄酮对LPS诱导的ALI小鼠具有保护作用,其治疗效果要好于预防效果,同时其保护机制与NF-κB信号通路的抑制相关。     

Vc浸种对铅胁迫下宽杆芥菜毒害效应的影响

研究了不同浓度Vc浸种对铅胁迫下宽杆芥菜的毒害效应,结果表明:随着Vc含量的增加,在0.10 mmol/L Vc浸种下受到铅胁迫的芥菜种子的发芽势、发芽指数、相对发芽指数、苗鲜重、苗干重、叶绿素b和叶绿素含量与0.00 mmol/L Vc浸种(ck)均有显著的提高;在10.0 mmol/L Vc浸种下受到铅胁迫的芥菜根鲜重、根干重、主根长和侧根数与0.00 mmol/L Vc浸种(ck)均有极显著的增加.初步得出Vc 0.10 mmol/L浸种时有利于缓解铅胁迫下福州宽杆芥菜种子的萌发和幼苗的生长,促进叶绿素b和总叶绿素的合成,Vc 10.00 mmol/L浸种有利于改善铅胁迫下福州宽杆芥菜幼根的生长.     

The Effect of Arbutin on Mice Brain Cells after Ischemia-reperfusion Injury

[Objective]To study the effect of the Chinese traditional medicine arbutin on brain cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury and provide a theoretical foundation for its clinical application. [Methods]Forty Kunming mice were randomly divided into four groups,namely the blank group,the ischemia-reperfusion group,the chemoprophylaxis group and the medication group. The cerebral ischemia-reprefusion model,made according to the principle of brain damage caused by ischemia,was stained with TTC and HE to observe cells' morphological changes.SOD activity,MDA content and GSH-Px activity in brain tissues were tested. [Results]Compared with the ischemia-reperfusion group,necrosis of ischemia areas stained by TTC in the chemoprophylaxis group and the medication group was less obvious. HE staining showed the alleviation of cells damage. The enhancement of SOD activity and that of GSH-Px activity showed significant differences. MDA content was reduced(P 0.05 for both). [Conclusions]Arbutin had antioxidant properties which can effectively prevent and protect brain cells from damage.     

稀禾啶、烯草酮等6种除草剂对不同叶龄期野黍的防治效果比较

为筛选出有效防治大豆田野黍的茎叶处理除草剂并探索适宜施药时期,采用盆栽试验研究了稀禾啶、烯草酮、高效氟吡甲禾灵、精吡氟禾草灵、精喹禾灵、喹禾糠酯对不同叶龄期野黍的防治效果.结果表明,防治一叶期至二叶一心期野黍可施用12.5％稀禾啶机油乳油131.25ga.i./hm2、240g/L烯草酮乳油90.00g a.i./hm2、10.8％高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油64.80g a.i./hm2、15％精吡氟禾草灵乳油135.00g a.i./hm2、5％精喹禾灵乳油71.25g a.i./hm2、40g/L喹禾糠酯乳油36.00g a.i./hm2,防治三叶期至三叶一心期野黍可施用12.5％稀禾啶机油乳油168.75g a.i./hm2、10.8％高效氟吡甲禾灵乳油97.20g a.i./hm2,仅12.5％稀禾啶机油乳油能有效防治四叶期以上野黍,施药量至少187.50g a.i./hm2.上述处理在施药后30d对野黍的株防效都超过90％.防治野黍的最佳时期为三叶期前,越晚施药,可供选择的除草剂种类越少,且需提高施药量.     

基于灰色关联度分析和DTOPSIS法的肾茶种质资源综合评价

为了筛选出综合性状优良的肾茶种质,采用灰色关联度分析和DTOPSIS法分析相结合的方法对15份肾茶种质资源进行评价。结果表明,基于灰色关联度分析的肾茶参评种质各指标在其综合性状评价中关联度顺序依次为熊果酸干叶茎比迷迭香酸株高茎粗单株干重,灰色关联度和DTOPSIS法对肾茶种质资源评价结果显示,Cs8、Cs2、Cs15种质排序在前3位,表明它们综合性状好,与理想种质最接近,在进一步优良品种选育中优先考虑。2种分析方法综合评价排序结果存在一定差异,且灰色关联度法加权关联度ri’差异最大为23.27%,种质间差异小,DTOPSIS法利用了灰色关联度法中的权重ωk值,种质间接近度Ci的差异最大为55.33%,差异大,可以优先考虑此方法给出的结论。     

施肥对山地枣果维生素C含量的影响

为了探究不同肥料、施肥次数对山地枣果维生素C含量的影响,筛选出适合枣树生长的施肥方案。本研究以狗头枣、骏枣、木枣3种山地枣果为材料,选用复合肥、生物有机肥、红枣专用肥、微生物菌肥分别在枣果生长的白熟期、青红期、成熟期进行不同施肥次数的施肥处理,用钼蓝比色法测定枣果在不同生长发育时期的维生素C含量。结果表明：对于狗头枣,在全年2次施用菌肥处理下,白熟期枣果维生素C含量达到最高,也显著提高了其青红期、成熟期维生素C含量;对于骏枣,在全年2次施用菌肥处理下,青红期和成熟期枣果维生素C含量达到最高,白熟期全年2次施用专用肥其维生素C含量达到最高。对于木枣,在白熟期全年2次施用专用肥可显著提高枣果维生素C含量,且达到最佳。在青红期全年2次施用菌肥处理可显著提高枣果维生素C含量,达到全组最高。在成熟期全年1次施用菌肥提高枣果维生素C含量的效果最佳且最为显著。对于3个品种枣果,在对其不同发育时期的枣树施肥时,全年采用2次施肥的方案可获得维生素C含量较高的枣果实,其中菌肥的效果尤为显著。