Screening of the Anti-inflammatory Fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE

[Objective] to screen the anti-inflammatory fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE.[Methods] Anti-inflammatory fraction was screened by using mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability model induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling model induced by carrageenan,and effects on PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan.[Results]Compared with 5% Tween-80 group,the high-and middle dosage groups(30,15 g/kg) of water fraction had significantly inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan(P0.05,0.01).Other fractions had weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions] Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of HERBA COMMELINAE.     

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

Study on Screening of Anti-inflammatory Activity Areas in the Stems and Leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum

[Objective]To study anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum. [Methods]Observed anti-inflammatory effects of extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum using 4 kinds of animal models of acute inflammation which was consisted of rats footpad swelling induced by egg white,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white. [Results]Extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum had a certain degree inhibition effect on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,rats' footpad swelling and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acute inflammation. Compared with model group,parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid were of significant differences( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). [Conclusions] Parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid had strong anti-inflammatory effects and other parts also had various degrees of anti-inflammatory effects.     

Study on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs

[Objective]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs with identical dose( 16 g/kg) and to provide reliable experiment basis for the clinical development and application of anti-inflammatory drugs. [Methods]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs by acetic acid writhing,hot plate method,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acetic acid. [Results]After intragastric administration of drugs( 16 g / kg) in mice for 7 days,the inhibiting effects of Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Radix Ilicis Asprellae and Trikeraia hookeri on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice were significant and the inhibiting effects of which on the increase of capillary permeability in mice induced by acetic acid were also significant( P 0. 05). Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum and Bidens biternata could inhibit ear swelling caused by xylene in mice significantly and Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius could inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in mice significantly( P 0. 05). The effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs on thymus and spleen were not significant( P 0. 05); Trikeraia hookeri,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,ovate leaf Holly Bark,Radix Helicteris, Nervilia fordii and Herba Polygoni Chinensis could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid and increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus; Evodia lepta Merr and Pronephrium triphyllum could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid,ovate leaf Holly Bark could significantly prolong the latent time of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 05) and Bidens biternata could significantly increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus. [Conclusions]Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri, Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius had anti-inflammatory action; Radix Helicteris,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr and ovate leaf Holly Bark,etc. had analgesic effect.     

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Aquilaria sinensis Leaves and Its Comparison with LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in Pharmacological Actions

[Objective]To research the pharmacodynamic effects of Aquilaria sinensis leaves,and to compare pharmacological actions between A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM. [Methods]Pharmacological experiments of analgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity were carried out by whole animal tests. [Results] glucose values of diabetic mice induced by alloxan reduced significantly in LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves had extremely significant inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Low- and middle-dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group had significant inhibitory effects on pains induced by thermal stimulus and acetic acid( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),and obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05);and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves also obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05). Water extracts of A. sinensis leaves showed significant differences in time to falling asleep and sleeping time of mice( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group significantly enhanced the intestine moving distance and rate( P 0. 05,P 0. 01 or 0. 001). [Conclusions]Ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM had certain functions ofanalgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity. Effects of ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves were equal to the effects of LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM; and the ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves was superior to LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in anti-asthma and promoting intestine moving activity.     

复方黄连乳腺炎注射液的药理作用与安全性研究

为了探讨复方黄连乳腺炎注射液的药理作用及安全性,为兽医临床用药提供理论依据。采用小鼠耳廓肿胀、毛细血管通透性、和棉球诱发小鼠肉芽组织增生方法研究了复方黄连乳腺炎注射液的抗炎作用;采用小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬鸡红细胞、小鼠吞噬细胞碳粒廓清能力、以及胸腺指数、脾脏指数研究了该注射液的免疫作用;采用改进Karber法,以半数致死量(LD50)作为评价急性毒性强度的指标,研究了该注射液的急性毒性,并对该注射液的热源性、刺激性进行了检测。结果表明：复方黄连乳腺炎注射液高、中剂量组对小鼠耳廓的肿胀度分别为1.24、1.78 mg,与对照组(生理盐水)的肿胀度(2.94 mg)相比差异极显著(P＜0.01);对毛细血管通透性的OD值,高、中、低剂量组分别为0.05、0.14、0.14,与对照组（生理盐水）的OD值(0.21)相比差异极显著(P＜0.01);对小鼠肉芽组织增重,高、中、低剂量组分别为10.18、8.10、10.16 mg,与对照组肉芽组织增重(11.90 mg)相比差异极显著(P＜0.01);高、中、低剂量组对小鼠胸腺指数、脾指数的增加有极显著性差异(P<0.01);高、中剂量组对小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞吞噬红细胞能力与对照组比较具有极显著性差异(P<0.01);高剂量组对小鼠吞噬细胞碳粒廓清能力与对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01),中剂量、低剂量与对照组相比差异不显著;急性毒性试验LD50为11222.77 mg/kg。数据表明复方黄连乳腺炎注射液对急性和慢性炎症有显著的抗炎作用,能增强机体的免疫功能,且安全可靠。     

Anti-bacterial Effects in Vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and Its Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Effects on Animal

[Objective] To research the anti-bacterial effects in vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects on animal. [Methods]Anti-bacterial effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules were detected by MIC method and drug sensitive test. A total of60 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group,aspirin group,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middledosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,and high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules. Mice were given drugs by gavage for 7 d. Swelling degree of ear slice was calculated and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middle-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,positive drug group,blank control group and model group. Endotoxin was administrated through the ear venous in order to establish febrile model. Effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules on the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin were analyzed. Blood was collected by heart blood collection method. When the plasma was separated,cA MP content in rabbits were detected. [Results] The MIC values to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium welchii,Salmonella typhimurium,Candida albicans were 3. 75,1. 875,15,7. 5 and 7. 5 mg / mL,respectively. The swelling degree of mice slice in model group reached 121. 7%. And the swelling degrees in high- and middle-dosage groups of Jinweng Zhili Granules were 55. 6% and 56. 2%,respectively,which had extremely significant differences with that of model group( P 0. 01).Jinweng Zhili Granules reduced the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin. The cA MP content in model group was 34. 13 pmol / mL; and the cA MP contents in high-and low-dosage groups were 24. 74 and 26. 61 pmol / mL,respectively,which had extremely significant differences compared with model group( P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Jinweng Zhili Granules had anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and antipyretic effects.     

仙人掌总黄酮对小鼠抗急性炎症作用的研究

为了探讨仙人掌总黄酮对小鼠的抗急性炎症作用。采用耳肿胀法、毛细血管通透性增加、足肿胀法对仙人掌总黄酮的抗急性炎症作用进行研究。结果表明：仙人掌总黄酮各剂量组小鼠耳肿胀度与空白对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);毛细血管通透性增加实验中,各剂量组的OD值与空白对照组相比差异极限著(P<0.01);足肿胀实验中各剂量组0.5~2 h 肿胀度与空白对照组相比差异极限著(P<0.01),但各剂量组3 h足趾肿胀度与空白对照组无显著差异。仙人掌总黄酮对肿胀反应及毛细血管通透性增加有显著的抑制作用,可减轻肿胀和渗出等局部炎症反应,具有一定的抗急性炎症作用。     

The Anti-inflammatory and Antiasthma Activities of the Extracts from the Leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities of the extracts from the leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.[Methods] Ethanol extracts were obtained from the crude powder of E. macrophylla leaves. Asthmogenic method by nebulization was carried out; auricular swelling of mice was induced by xylene so as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. [Results] Extracts from E. macrophylla leaves had relatively strong anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities,which were significant when the extracts dosage of E. macrophylla was 40 mg / kg. The activities enhanced significantly as the extracts dosage increased.[Conclusions]High-dosage extracts showed the same anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities as the positive control,which had relatively high values of development and utilization.     

PCA-HCA Chemical Pattern Recognition of CORTEX MOUTAN

[Objective] To establish a chemical pattern recognition for CORTEX MOUTAN. [Methods] CORTEX MOUTAN in 20 different production areas were detected by RP-HPLC to obtain the fingerprint. Chemical pattern recognition was carried out by Principal Component Analysis( PCA) and Hierachical Cluster Analysis( HCA). [Results] The 20 batches of CORTEX MOUTAN were divided into two categories: one was Anhui production area,and the other was Shandong and Henan production areas. According to the chemical component contents,md-019,md-020,md-017,md-018 and md-004 had relatively high quality. [Conclusions] Pattern recognition technique on chemical level was established for the quality evaluation of CORTEX MOUTAN,which provided references for the classification and quality evaluation of CORTEX MOUTAN.     

Hypoglycemic Effects of the n-Butanol Part of Sorbus tianschanica

[Objective] To extract and isolate the effective components from Sorbus tianschanica,and to research the hypoglycemic effects of n-Butanol part. [Methods]S. tianchanica was extracted by reflux extraction. After gradient elution,n-Butanol part was obtained. With diabetic mice induced by STZ as the model,blood glucose test was carried out. [Results]n-Butanol part in administration group had significant differences in hypoglycemic effects with that in model group(P 0. 05),showing that n-Butanol part had certain antidiabetic functions on diabetic mice induced by STZ. And the hypoglycemic effects showed a reducing trend as the administration dosage decreased,indicating that administration dosage had positive correlation with hypoglycemic effects. n-Butanol in different parts could reduce the blood glucose of diabetic mice in different degrees. And the blood glucose value in high-dosage group(8 g /kg) reduced greatly at 2 h after administration,having great differences with that in model group(P 0. 01). This showed that high dosage was helpful to the glucose tolerance of diseased mice,and could effectively protect against the rapid increase of blood glucose after meal. n-Butanol had no significant effects on the blood glucose of normal mice. However,the morality rates in high-and middle-dosage groups were both higher than that in low-dosage group; and the morality rate in administration group was lower than that in model group,showing that n-Butanol could promote the survival rate of diabetic mice. [Conclusions]S. tianchanica had certain effects of anti-diabetes.     

Determination of TPA Content in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and Its Anti- inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To establish a method of determining the content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and investigate its anti-inflammatory action. [Methods]Chlorogenic acid was used as reference substance and diluted with 50% methanol solution to constant volume. The absorbancy was determined at wavelength of 426 nm by ultraviolet spectroscopy. With aspirin as positive control,the anti-inflammatory action of Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder was studied by ear swelling caused by xylene in mice. [Results] The average content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder was 5. 22% and the RSD reached 0. 17%. It could significantly relieve ear swelling caused by xylene in mice. Compared with normal saline,the result was of significant difference(P 0. 01). [Conclusions]The method was convenient and accurate,so it could be used to measure the content of total phenolic acid in Xanthium sibiricum Patrin ex Widder and explore its anti-inflammatory action.     

Extraction and Content Determination of Polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand-Mazz. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To explore the methods for extraction and content determination of polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.,and to observe its anti-inflammatory effect. [Methods] Polysaccharides were extracted by hot water. The content determination was performed at wavelength 490 nm with phenol-sulfuric acid as a chromomeric agent. [Results]The content of HPS was 4. 94% in same batch of radix hedysari slices,while that reached 45. 30% in refined radix hedysari samples. HPS inhibited the xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.[Conclusions]The phenol-sulfuric acid method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and HPS has anti-inflammatory effect.     

丹翘灌注液抗炎镇痛作用的研究

研究丹翘灌注液的抗炎镇痛作用。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿、小鼠醋酸扭体反应、小鼠福尔马林致痛模型观察丹翘灌注液的抗炎和镇痛作用。40、20、10 g/kg的丹翘灌注液能不同程度的抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球引起的肉芽肿增生;不同程度的减少醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数和福尔马林引起的舔足时间。结果表明,丹翘灌注液具有抗炎、镇痛的作用。     

Immunomodulatory Effects of Yupingfeng Polysaccharides on Immunosuppressed Mice

[Objective] To discuss the protection and regulatory effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides on immunosuppressed mice. [Methods] The immunosuppressive mice model was established by 80 mg / kg cyclophosphamide. The spleen index,spleen lymphocyte proliferation capability,serum hemolysin antibody generation and serum IL-2 level of mice were researched,so as to observe the effects of Yupingfeng polysaccharides at different dosages( 100,200,400 mg / kg). [Results] Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the spleen index of immunosuppressed mice,improved the proliferation capability of spleen lymphocyte,promoted the generation of serum hemolysin antibody in normal mice,and protected against the secretion reduction of serum hemolysin antibody induced by cyclophosphamide. Besides,Yupingfeng polysaccharides enhanced the IL-2 levels in serum of both immunosuppressed and normal mice,especially that the middle-and low-dosage groups had relatively significant effects.[Conclusions] Yupingfeng polysaccharides protected against the immunosuppression of mice induced by cyclophosphamide,enhanced the immune function and protected the spleen function of mice.     

The Safety of Shampoo with Compound Zaofan Function

[Objective] To discuss the safety of shampoo with compound Zaofan function to the skins of laboratory animals. [Methods]Kunming mice was used for skin acute toxicity test; domestic healthy rabbits were used for skin irritation test; and white guinea pigs were used for skin sensitivity test. Cell genetic toxicity of Shampoo with compound Zaofan function in the body was detected by lymphocyte micronucleus test on Kunming mice. [Results]After using the shampoo with compound Zaofan function,mice showed no symptom of acute toxicity. In skin irritation test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had relatively weak stimulation to skin; and the degree was no irrigation. In skin sensitivity test,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had low incidence of sensitization and poor sensitization. In micronucleus test of lymphocyte,shampoo with compound Zaofan function had small effects on the teratogenicity / mutagenesis. [Conclusions]Shampoo with compound Zaofan function was safe and reliable for external use,and was worthy of clinical promotion.     

Effects of Mango Seed Kernels on Mice with Kidney-Yang Deficiency and Oligoasthenospermia

[Objective] To discuss the effects of mango seed kernels on mice with kidney-Yang deficiency and oligoasthenospermia.[Methods]Mice model with kindey-Yang deficiency was established by intramuscular hydrocortisone,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. The mice model with oligoasthenospermia was established by administration of tripterygium glycosides,so as to observe the effects of mango seed kernels on sperm quality of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Results]Mango seed kernels could improve the swimming time,viscera index and freeze resistance capability of mice with kindey-Yang deficiency. Besides,mango seed kernels could enhance the sperm density,sperm survival rate,sperm motility,and reduce the malformation rate of mice with oligoasthenospermia. [Conclusions] Mango seed kernels had the function of tonifying kidney-Yang and showed certain therapeutical effects on oligoasthenotspermia.     

Experimental Study on the Antitussive,Apophlegmatic and Antiasthmatic Effect of Extract of Jianhua

[Objective]To explore the antitussive,apophlegmatic and antiasthmatic effect of extract of Jianhua. [Methods]The antitussive, apophlegmatic and antiasthmatic effect of extract of Jianhua was studied by animal models. Control group,low-dosage group of extract of Jianhua,medium-dosage group of extract of Jianhua,high-dosage group of extract of Jianhua and positive medication group were included in the experiment. [Results] Compared with control group,low,medium and high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly inhibit cough induced by stronger ammonia water( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); medium and high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly increase phenol red excretion in the respiratory tract of mice( P 0. 05,P 0. 01); high-dosage of aqueous extract and alcohol extract of Jianhua could significantly prolong the incubation of asthma in guinea pigs induced by citric acid( P 0. 05). [Conclusions]The extract of Jianhua had significant effect of relieving a cough,eliminating phlegm and relieving asthma.     

Antipyretic Effects of FRUCTUS PIPERIS LONGI

[Objective]To study the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of heat-clearing drugs,and to research on the antipyretic effects of FRUCTUS PIPERIS LONGI according to the principle of reduction to absurdity. [Methods]The antipyretic effects of water and ethanol extracts of FRUCTUS PIPERIS LONGI were observed based on using endotoxin,dry yeast and 2,4-dinitrophenol. [Results]5 and 10 g /kg water and ethanol extracts from FRUCTUS PIPERIS LONGI had relatively good antipyretic effects. [Conclusions] FRUCTUS PIPERIS LONGI had significant antipyretic effects. And further discussions were needed according to the principle of reduction to absurdity in Traditional Chinese Medicine.     

Preventive Effects of Vitamin C And Polysaccharides in Dioscrea pposite Thunb. on Cadmium-induced Liver Injury in Mice

[Objective]To investigate the preventive protective effects and its mechanism of vitamin C and polysaccharide in Dioscrea pposite Thunb. on cadmium-induced liver damage in mice. [Methods]50 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group,model group,D. pposite polysaccharides protection group,vitamin C protection group,D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C protection group. At the 7th day of feeding,the mice were given saline by gavage,and the mice in other groups were intraperitoneally injected with 3. 0 mg /kg CdCl2 solution. 24 hours after injection,blood was collected for ALT and AST test. Then,mice were sacrificed and the livers were removed for the calculation of hepatosomatic index(liver weight / body weight). Also,the liver homogenates were prepared for the determination of SOD and GSHPx activities and the of MDA and NO contents. [Results]Compared with the mice in model group,the liver-somatic index,serum ALT,AST activity,and contents of liver MDA and NO reduced,the activities of SOD and GSH-Px,and the content of GSH improved in D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C protection group(*P 0. 05,**P 0. 01). Compared with the model grfoup,the protective effects of D. pposite polysaccharides combined with vitamin C strengthened(**P 0. 01). [Conclusions]The combination of D. pposite polysaccharides and vitamin C has preventive protection effects on cadmium-induced liver injury in mice by antagonizing cadmium and /or oxidative stress. The application of D. pposite polysaccharides combined with vitamin C had a synergistic effect.