Anti-bacterial Effects in Vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and Its Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Effects on Animal

[Objective] To research the anti-bacterial effects in vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects on animal. [Methods]Anti-bacterial effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules were detected by MIC method and drug sensitive test. A total of60 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group,aspirin group,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middledosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,and high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules. Mice were given drugs by gavage for 7 d. Swelling degree of ear slice was calculated and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middle-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,positive drug group,blank control group and model group. Endotoxin was administrated through the ear venous in order to establish febrile model. Effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules on the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin were analyzed. Blood was collected by heart blood collection method. When the plasma was separated,cA MP content in rabbits were detected. [Results] The MIC values to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium welchii,Salmonella typhimurium,Candida albicans were 3. 75,1. 875,15,7. 5 and 7. 5 mg / mL,respectively. The swelling degree of mice slice in model group reached 121. 7%. And the swelling degrees in high- and middle-dosage groups of Jinweng Zhili Granules were 55. 6% and 56. 2%,respectively,which had extremely significant differences with that of model group( P 0. 01).Jinweng Zhili Granules reduced the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin. The cA MP content in model group was 34. 13 pmol / mL; and the cA MP contents in high-and low-dosage groups were 24. 74 and 26. 61 pmol / mL,respectively,which had extremely significant differences compared with model group( P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Jinweng Zhili Granules had anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and antipyretic effects.     

The Anti-inflammatory Effects and Mechanism of the Stems and Leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum

[Objective] To observe the anti-inflammatory effects of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum( Jacq.) A. DC.,and to discuss its anti-inflammatory mechanism. [Methods] ICR mice were randomly divided into model control group,dexamethasone group( 0. 01 g / kg),ethanol extracts groups of P. grandiflorum stems and leaves( 9. 0,4. 5,3. 0 g / kg). Intragastrical administration was carried out once every day with continuous 15 days. On 30 min after final administration,anti-inflammatory effects were researched by observing the increase of blood capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by acetic acid. SD rats were randomly divided into model control group,dexamethasone group( 0. 01 g / kg),ethanol extracts groups of P. grandiflorum stems and leaves( 9. 0,4. 5,3. 0 g / kg). Intragastrical administration was carried out once every day with continuous 15 days. On 30 min after final administration,anti-inflammatory effects were researched by observing the pleurisy of rats induced by carrageenan. prostaglandins( PGE2),tumor necrosis factor-alpha( TNF-α) and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) contents were detected in exudates,as well as the TNF-α,IL-1β and MDA contents in lung tissues. [Results]Compared with model control group,ethanol extracts groups of P. grandiflorum stems and leaves( 9. 0,4. 5 g / kg) could significantly restrict the increase of blood capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by acetic acid. Ethanol extracts groups of P. grandiflorum stems and leaves( 9. 0,4. 5g / kg) restricted the increase of PGE2,TNF-α and IL-1β contents in exudates( p 0. 05). 9. 0 g/kg ethanol extracts group of P. grandiflorum stems and leaves restricted the increase of TNF-α,IL-1β and MDA contents in lung tissues( p 0. 01); and 4. 5 g / kg ethanol extracts group restricted the increase of IL-1β( p 0. 01). [Conclusions] Ethanol extracts from P. grandiflorum stems and leaves had anti-inflammatory effects; and the anti-inflammatory mechanism might be related to the antioxidation and the production interference of inflammatory mediator.     

乳酸菌产酸动态测定及小鼠乳酸耐量初探

摘要：乳酸是乳酸菌分泌的主要有机酸之一。该试验测定嗜酸乳杆菌分泌乳酸的最大浓度,再利用浓度为12.89ul/ml、30ul/ml、60ul/ml、90ul/ml的乳酸灌服小鼠。结果发现灌服90ul/ml组小鼠2-3h出现死亡。24h后,通过体温、临床症状及剖检观察、生化检测以及病理组织切片得到结果,灌服浓度60ul/ml乳酸血清变化微小,小鼠的小肠没有损伤,从而建立小鼠肠道中乳酸模型。     

HPLC-QTOFMS Analysis of the Chemical Compounds in CORTEX MOUTAN

[Objective]To effectively identify the main compounds of CORTEX MOUTAN by HPLC-QTOFMS technology. [Methods]CAPCELL PAK C18column( 3. 0 mm × 100 mm,3 μm) was adopted. The mobile phase was 0. 1% methanoic acid solution-acetonitrile with gradient elution; column temperature was 25 ℃; injection volume was 2 μL; and flow rate was 0. 5 mL / min. Time of flight mass spectrometry was used for mass spectrum qualitative detection; and positive and negative ions modes were used for scanning. [Results]A total of 48 compounds were identified from CORTEX MOUTAN by HPLC-QTOFMS technology under the optimized conditions. [Conclusions]This method was rapid,accurate and sensitive,and could be used for the quality control of CORTEX MOUTAN.     

犬骨不连动物模型的建立

为建立一种客观的骨不连动物实验模型,采用手术的方法将前臂桡骨中段截除1.5cm骨段(包括骨膜),骨断端用骨蜡封闭髓腔,使之形成骨不连的病理状况。于术后3个月X射线检查,结果显示两断端均有骨的生长但未能建立骨性连接,骨端硬化,髓腔封闭,符合骨不连的X射线表现,成功建立了动物模型。     

Study on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs

[Objective]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs with identical dose( 16 g/kg) and to provide reliable experiment basis for the clinical development and application of anti-inflammatory drugs. [Methods]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs by acetic acid writhing,hot plate method,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acetic acid. [Results]After intragastric administration of drugs( 16 g / kg) in mice for 7 days,the inhibiting effects of Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Radix Ilicis Asprellae and Trikeraia hookeri on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice were significant and the inhibiting effects of which on the increase of capillary permeability in mice induced by acetic acid were also significant( P 0. 05). Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum and Bidens biternata could inhibit ear swelling caused by xylene in mice significantly and Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius could inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in mice significantly( P 0. 05). The effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs on thymus and spleen were not significant( P 0. 05); Trikeraia hookeri,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,ovate leaf Holly Bark,Radix Helicteris, Nervilia fordii and Herba Polygoni Chinensis could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid and increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus; Evodia lepta Merr and Pronephrium triphyllum could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid,ovate leaf Holly Bark could significantly prolong the latent time of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 05) and Bidens biternata could significantly increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus. [Conclusions]Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri, Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius had anti-inflammatory action; Radix Helicteris,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr and ovate leaf Holly Bark,etc. had analgesic effect.     

水生动物对环境因子行为偏好研究进展

行为是水生动物适应环境所做出功能性调节的表现。文章以水生动物的主要类群鱼类和甲壳类为主,综述了栖息地内各类环境因子（温度、溶氧、盐度、浊度、氨氮、光、声、底质、水流和生物等）同水生动物游泳行为、繁殖行为、攻击和残食行为、种群行为等行为之间的适应性偏好关系,提出了利用水生动物的偏好行为反应其对栖息地环境的选择适应性。展望了行为学研究方法也需要向着多因子、计算机视觉辅助、野外场景构建等更贴实际的方向发展。     

动物肌内脂肪沉积对肉嫩度影响的研究进展

为了探讨脂肪沉积与肉嫩度的关系,通过分析近几年肌内脂肪方面的研究,综述了脂肪含量、脂肪沉积对肉品质的影响,并对该领域的研究前景提出展望,可为提供高质量的肉品提出理论依据并作为参考。     

农场动物福利现状及对策

摘要：农场动物福利水平低下,已成为制约畜牧业可持续发展的重要因素之一。本文对动物福利基础性、前瞻性和应急性工作和猪的福利现状进行了概述,并针对性的提出了改善猪福利水平的对策。关键词：农场动物;福利;猪     

畜禽骨的研究现状和发展前景

骨中有较高的营养成分,但我国对畜禽骨的深加工利用率不足1%。工业上,骨是是用来制备骨粉、骨碳,提取骨油、骨胶和软骨素的原料,也通过各种工艺使不同粒度骨粉的食用价值提高,成为优良的添加剂、填充剂、酶载体等。骨中钙的利用及利用率的提高成为研究热点,同时也尝试开发各种骨的新产品。总体来说,骨在工业上的利用是供不应求,但商业化并不多。畜禽骨的研究还存在很多有待解决的问题,且新技术不断地被应用到骨产品的开发中来。     

The Neuroprotective Effects of Paeoniflorin on Multi-infarct Dementia( MID) Model

[Objective]To observe the protective effects and pathway of paeoniflorin on rat MID(multi-infarct dementia) model by establishing the improved MID model,and to lay the pharmacological basis for the development of protective neurons candidate compounds. [Methods]The classic rats' MID model was used to observe the protective effects and pathway of different dosages of paeoniflorin. The learning and memory abilities of rats were detected by Morris water maze. The expression of Bcl-2 and Bax protein were detected by immunohistochemistry.The changes of cerebral cortex and the neuron structure were detected by HE staining and electron microscopy. [Results]Paeoniflorin had significant improvement effects on the time of anesthetic awareness,detention time of inclined plate test,behavioral evaluation,cognitive impairment and brain neuron injury of rat MID model. The protective mechanism of paeoniflorin was related to the Bcl-2 and Bax expression in cerebral cortex and hippocampus brain tissue. [Conclusions]The paeoniflorin had significant improvement effects on the rat MID model. It restricted the EAA damage,intracellular calcium overload,and Bax expression,so as to promote the Bcl-2 expression and to restrict the cell apoptosis.     

青岛地区动物物候期对逐月气候变化的响应研究

为了研究青岛地区动物物候期对逐月气候变化的响应关系,利用青岛地区1986—2018年动物物候期资料和逐月气象观测资料,通过趋势分析和超前相关分析法对物候期及其同期和前期气候因子的相关性和响应趋势进行了探讨。结果表明：（1）青岛地区1—12月的气温/风速均呈显著增加/减小趋势,除4月外其他各月日照时数显著减少。除7月降水显著减少外,其他月份青岛降水的气候趋势变化较小。（2）各月风速的显著减少趋势与候鸟（家燕）和两栖类动物（青蛙）的物候变化关系最为密切。对于始鸣期来说：家燕和青蛙始鸣期与各气候因子关系并不非常密切。对于绝鸣期来说：近几十年来风速的显著减小趋势极可能导致家燕和青蛙绝鸣期的推迟。（3）降水和日照时数的变化对昆虫（蚱蝉和蟋蟀）始鸣期的影响较为明显,而气温和风速对昆虫绝鸣期的影响更为突出。以上分析说明动物物候期对气候因子变化的响应比较敏感,可作为气候变化的指示器。     

红壤低丘岗地区优化种养结合模式的能值分析

为了探明红壤丘岗地区优化的种养结合模式在能值流动方面的特征及优势,通过采集种养系统各环节数据,采用能值分析理论和方法,研究了红壤低丘岗地区优化种养结合模式的能值投入和产出,对该模式的资源利用率、环境压力和可持续性发展指标等进行了评估。结果表明：与传统模式相比,优化模式具有较高的能值产出率,产品具有较高的价格优势,较高的能值自给率,较低的环境负载率。通过该研究,可以得知该优化模式在研究区域内具有良好的发展潜力。     

施用畜禽粪肥对土壤呼吸和玉米产量的影响及其增效分析

为研究增施畜禽粪肥对土壤培肥和玉米增产的效果,试验以不同畜禽粪肥种类为主区,施肥水平为副区的二因素裂区设计,测定了土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米生物学性状及产量等指标。结果表明,增施不同种类和数量畜禽粪肥,可有效提高土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米年产量和收益:当鸡粪施用量为30.0 m~3/hm~2时,土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米产量和年收益均较高,分别达6.0μmol/(m~2·s),6.786 3 g/kg,11 147.1 kg/hm~2和10 719.2元/hm~2;当羊粪施用量为60.0 m~3/hm~2时,土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米产量和年收益均较高,分别为5.6μmol/(m~2·s),6.785 0 g/kg,11 095.5 kg/hm~2和9 816.0元/hm~2;当猪粪施用量为60.0 m~3/hm~2时,土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米产量和年收益均较高,分别为5.3μmol/(m~2·s),6.783 3 g/kg,10 692.75 kg/hm~2和9 210.5元/hm~2;当牛粪施肥量为90.0 m~3/hm~2时,土壤呼吸速率、土壤有机质含量、玉米产量和年收益均较高,分别为4.6μmol/(m~2·s),6.780 0 g/kg,10 691.15 kg/hm~2和8 607.3元/hm~2。综上所述,从土壤培肥、玉米增产效果及经济效益来看,各种粪肥肥效由高到低的顺序依次为鸡粪羊粪猪粪牛粪,适宜施肥量分别是鸡粪30.0 m~3/hm~2、羊粪和猪粪为60.0 m~3/hm~2、牛粪90 m~3/hm~2。因此,研究不同畜禽粪肥肥效及适宜施肥量对改善土壤肥力、提高玉米产量和增加农民收入具有重要意义。     

江苏种养结合猪场粪污处理典型模式分析Ⅰ——政府主导型

总结归纳江苏养殖粪污处理典型模式,为区域尺度发展种养结合循环农业,实现农业废弃物资源化统筹协调高效利用,提供模式参考及案件借鉴。以政府主导型的武进区农业废弃物综合治理中心（礼嘉站）为例,介绍种养结合模式背景及构架,分析关键技术组成,剖析经济、生态及社会效益,阐明运行机制。结果表明：收集分散服务体系建设形成了养殖业、种植业、第三方服务组织、政府及社会群众之间的利益共同体,破解了小型养殖粪污无害化处理与资源化利用的瓶颈难题,促进了“乡村振兴”的“环境美、农民富”进程。江苏探索的政府主导型养殖粪污集中处理模式,对构建和发展区域尺度种养结合循环农业更具代表性及示范价值。     

浅谈兰州畜牧业的现状与发展建议

针对兰州市畜牧业发展现状和存在问题,提出了兰州市畜牧业的发展建议是以市场为导向,建立畜产品基地;大力发展饲草产业;利用现代科技手段,加快畜牧产业的发展;依托龙头企业,推进畜牧业产业化进程;建立畜产品专业批发市场,加大销售力度;组织标准化生产,提高质量水平;大力推广畜产品生产技术,加强信息服务。     

表面活性剂SDS对草鱼急性毒性效应的研究

为了研究阴离子表面活性剂对鱼类的急性毒性效应，设计了不同浓度的十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）溶液对草鱼进行暴露实验并测定其体内各组织SOD活性。急性毒性测试表明，SDS对草鱼的48h、96h LC50分别为11.8 mg/L和5.2 mg/L。低浓度的SDS(小于0.2 mg/L)暴露对草鱼的超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性有极显著诱导作用，但随着SDS浓度升高和暴露时间延长,草鱼各组织SOD活性均呈明显的下降趋势,提示SDS暴露所引起的酶活性变化与暴露浓度和暴露时间有一定的相关性。这些结果显示，阴离子表面活性剂SD     

胃泌素在动物生产与临床中的应用前景

综述了胃泌素的生物合成、主要生理学作用及胃泌素受体的表达,探讨了胃泌素在动物生产及临床应用中的前景,以期为挖掘胃泌素在动物生产中的潜力提供参考依据。     

The Anti-inflammatory and Antiasthma Activities of the Extracts from the Leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities of the extracts from the leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.[Methods] Ethanol extracts were obtained from the crude powder of E. macrophylla leaves. Asthmogenic method by nebulization was carried out; auricular swelling of mice was induced by xylene so as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. [Results] Extracts from E. macrophylla leaves had relatively strong anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities,which were significant when the extracts dosage of E. macrophylla was 40 mg / kg. The activities enhanced significantly as the extracts dosage increased.[Conclusions]High-dosage extracts showed the same anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities as the positive control,which had relatively high values of development and utilization.     

根区不同改土模式对葡萄根系生长的影响

利用草炭对葡萄根区进行改良,比较研究了传统混合和局部改土方式对葡萄根系形态、生物量、冠根比、根系活力和根系激素状况的影响。结果表明:草炭可有效提高根系干物重、根系活力以及根系Zip、IAA和GA的含量,降低根系ABA含量。不同改土模式对葡萄根系的影响不同,局部改土一定程度提高根系干重和根系活力,并有效促进了地上和根系的平衡生长。