Study on Screening of Anti-inflammatory Activity Areas in the Stems and Leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum

[Objective]To study anti-inflammatory effects of water extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum. [Methods]Observed anti-inflammatory effects of extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum using 4 kinds of animal models of acute inflammation which was consisted of rats footpad swelling induced by egg white,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white. [Results]Extract of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum had a certain degree inhibition effect on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice,rats' footpad swelling and content of PGE2in inflammatory tissue of rats' swelling foot induced by egg white and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acute inflammation. Compared with model group,parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid were of significant differences( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). [Conclusions] Parts of the stems and leaves of Platycodon grandiflorum that contained alkaloid had strong anti-inflammatory effects and other parts also had various degrees of anti-inflammatory effects.     

Extraction and Content Determination of Polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand-Mazz. and Their Anti-inflammatory Effect

[Objective]To explore the methods for extraction and content determination of polysaccharides from Hedysayum polybotrys Hand.-Mazz.,and to observe its anti-inflammatory effect. [Methods] Polysaccharides were extracted by hot water. The content determination was performed at wavelength 490 nm with phenol-sulfuric acid as a chromomeric agent. [Results]The content of HPS was 4. 94% in same batch of radix hedysari slices,while that reached 45. 30% in refined radix hedysari samples. HPS inhibited the xylene-induced ear swelling in mice.[Conclusions]The phenol-sulfuric acid method is simple,rapid,and accurate,and HPS has anti-inflammatory effect.     

Study on the Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs

[Objective]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs with identical dose( 16 g/kg) and to provide reliable experiment basis for the clinical development and application of anti-inflammatory drugs. [Methods]To explore the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs by acetic acid writhing,hot plate method,ear swelling caused by xylene in mice and celiac capillary permeation in mice induced by acetic acid. [Results]After intragastric administration of drugs( 16 g / kg) in mice for 7 days,the inhibiting effects of Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Radix Ilicis Asprellae and Trikeraia hookeri on ear swelling caused by xylene in mice were significant and the inhibiting effects of which on the increase of capillary permeability in mice induced by acetic acid were also significant( P 0. 05). Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum and Bidens biternata could inhibit ear swelling caused by xylene in mice significantly and Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius could inhibit the increase of capillary permeability in mice significantly( P 0. 05). The effects of 12 Guangdong Native Heat-clearing Herbs on thymus and spleen were not significant( P 0. 05); Trikeraia hookeri,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,ovate leaf Holly Bark,Radix Helicteris, Nervilia fordii and Herba Polygoni Chinensis could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid and increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus; Evodia lepta Merr and Pronephrium triphyllum could evidently reduce the times of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid,ovate leaf Holly Bark could significantly prolong the latent time of writhing response in mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 05) and Bidens biternata could significantly increase the threshold of pain in mice induced by thermal stimulus. [Conclusions]Radix Helicteris,Thinleaf Adina Fruit,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri, Radix Eupatorii Chinensis,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr,ovate leaf Holly Bark and Rubus parvifolius had anti-inflammatory action; Radix Helicteris,Nervilia fordii,Herba Polygoni Chinensis,Radix Ilicis Asprellae,Trikeraia hookeri,Pronephrium triphyllum,Bidens biternata,Evodia lepta Merr and ovate leaf Holly Bark,etc. had analgesic effect.     

The Anti-inflammatory Effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI in Acute Inflammation Animal Model

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI in acute inflammation animal model.[Methods]Two acute inflammation animal models were established,including the auricle swelling test model of mice induced by xylene,and the abdominal capillary permeability model of mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid. The anti-inflammatory effects of CORTEX PHELLODENDRI were observed. [Results]CORTEX PHELLODENDRI had different inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene,and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by 1% glacial acetic acid. The alkaloid part had significant differences with model group(P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Alkaloid part had good anti-inflammatory effects; while the effects of n-butanol,ethyl acetate,chloroform and petroleum ether parts were in different degrees.     

Anti-bacterial Effects in Vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and Its Antipyretic and Anti-inflammatory Effects on Animal

[Objective] To research the anti-bacterial effects in vitro of Jinweng Zhili Granules and its antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects on animal. [Methods]Anti-bacterial effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules were detected by MIC method and drug sensitive test. A total of60 male Kunming mice were randomly divided into blank control group,aspirin group,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middledosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,and high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules. Mice were given drugs by gavage for 7 d. Swelling degree of ear slice was calculated and the anti-inflammatory effects were analyzed. A total of 60 rabbits were randomly divided into high-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,middle-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,low-dosage group of Jinweng Zhili Granules,positive drug group,blank control group and model group. Endotoxin was administrated through the ear venous in order to establish febrile model. Effects of Jinweng Zhili Granules on the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin were analyzed. Blood was collected by heart blood collection method. When the plasma was separated,cA MP content in rabbits were detected. [Results] The MIC values to Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Clostridium welchii,Salmonella typhimurium,Candida albicans were 3. 75,1. 875,15,7. 5 and 7. 5 mg / mL,respectively. The swelling degree of mice slice in model group reached 121. 7%. And the swelling degrees in high- and middle-dosage groups of Jinweng Zhili Granules were 55. 6% and 56. 2%,respectively,which had extremely significant differences with that of model group( P 0. 01).Jinweng Zhili Granules reduced the body temperature of febrile rabbits induced by endotoxin. The cA MP content in model group was 34. 13 pmol / mL; and the cA MP contents in high-and low-dosage groups were 24. 74 and 26. 61 pmol / mL,respectively,which had extremely significant differences compared with model group( P 0. 01). [Conclusions]Jinweng Zhili Granules had anti-bacteria,anti-inflammation and antipyretic effects.     

Screening of the Anti-inflammatory Fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE

[Objective] to screen the anti-inflammatory fraction from HERBA COMMELINAE.[Methods] Anti-inflammatory fraction was screened by using mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability model induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling model induced by carrageenan,and effects on PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan.[Results]Compared with 5% Tween-80 group,the high-and middle dosage groups(30,15 g/kg) of water fraction had significantly inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,mice abdominal capillary permeability induced by glacial acetic acid,rats pedal swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissue of rats pedal edema induced by carrageenan(P0.05,0.01).Other fractions had weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions] Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of HERBA COMMELINAE.     

Screening of Anti-inflammatory Active Fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE

[Objective] To screen the anti-inflammatory active fractions from RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.[Methods]Anti-inflammatory activity screening was carried out based on mice auricle swelling model induced by xylene,capillary permeability model in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling model induced by carrageenan and PGE2 model in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan.[Results] Compared with Tween-80 group,high-and middle-dosage groups of water fractions( 6,3g/kg) had significant inhibitory effects on mice auricle swelling induced by xylene,capillary permeability in mice abdominal cavity induced by glacial acetic acid,rats footpad swelling induced by carrageenan,and PGE2 in inflammatory tissues of rats swelling foot induced by carrageenan( P 0.05,0.01).Other fractions showed weak or basically no activities.[Conclusions]Water fraction was the anti-inflammatory active fraction of RADIX ET RHIZOMA GENTIANAE.     

苍耳的研究与应用

通过对苍耳的研究进展及其药用价值、油料用途、生态等几个方面的应用现状进行阐述分析,发现苍耳药用价值很高,能有效调节免疫、抗氧化和抑菌,治疗鼻科等疾病效果突出;苍耳籽仁富含油脂和蛋白质,含人体所必需的不饱和脂肪酸-亚油酸,含量高达65.9%,油酸含量可达20.8%;苍耳粕含蛋白可达58.0%,去毒后可制成饲料。同时,苍耳对Mn、Cu、B、P、Pb等矿物质具有较强的富集能力较强;而且苍耳的自散布和适应能力强,可作为特殊地段的恢复植物,实现治理环境与资源充分利用的双重功效,但由于人们对苍耳的研究与关注较少,还没有充分认识到苍耳的特殊作用,而往往把苍耳当作杂草而除掉,严重丧失了苍耳巨大的应用价值。因而苍耳有待于进一步研究与开发,以实现资源的合理综合利用和可持续发展。     

丹翘灌注液抗炎镇痛作用的研究

研究丹翘灌注液的抗炎镇痛作用。采用二甲苯致小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球致小鼠肉芽肿、小鼠醋酸扭体反应、小鼠福尔马林致痛模型观察丹翘灌注液的抗炎和镇痛作用。40、20、10 g/kg的丹翘灌注液能不同程度的抑制二甲苯引起的小鼠耳廓肿胀、棉球引起的肉芽肿增生;不同程度的减少醋酸引起的小鼠扭体次数和福尔马林引起的舔足时间。结果表明,丹翘灌注液具有抗炎、镇痛的作用。     

The Anti-inflammatory and Antiasthma Activities of the Extracts from the Leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.

[Objective] To research on the anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities of the extracts from the leaves of Elaeagnus macrophylla Thunb.[Methods] Ethanol extracts were obtained from the crude powder of E. macrophylla leaves. Asthmogenic method by nebulization was carried out; auricular swelling of mice was induced by xylene so as to investigate the anti-inflammatory activities. [Results] Extracts from E. macrophylla leaves had relatively strong anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities,which were significant when the extracts dosage of E. macrophylla was 40 mg / kg. The activities enhanced significantly as the extracts dosage increased.[Conclusions]High-dosage extracts showed the same anti-inflammatory and antiasthma activities as the positive control,which had relatively high values of development and utilization.     

三种植物精油对玉米象成虫的控制作用

以无水乙醇为溶剂提取苍耳、枫杨和苦楝三种植物精油,研究其对玉米象成虫的控制作用.结果表明:苍耳、枫杨和苦楝精油对玉米象成虫均具有较强的驱避、熏蒸和触杀作用.其中苦楝和枫杨精油的驱避效果较好,处理120 h后,对玉米象的驱避率达到Ⅳ级;苦楝的熏蒸作用最好,处理72 h后,熏蒸校正死亡率达到91.1%;枫杨精油的触杀效果最好,处理96 h后,触杀的校正死亡率达到100%.研究表明:枫杨、苦楝和苍耳精油具有作为储粮防护剂的开发潜力.     

Study on the Therapeutical Effect of Chinese Gallnut on Psoriasis Vulgaris and the Mechanism

[Objective] to investigate the therapeutical effect of Chinese gallnut on psoriasis vulgaris and its mechanism. [Methods]Guinea pig auricular psoriasis model was established by 0. 5% propranolol emulsion and it was intervened by Gall ointment to observe the external form,pathologic changes and inflammatory cell infiltration of psoriasis. Baker scoring and inflammatory cell infiltration counting was conducted to evaluate the therapeutical effect of Gall ointment. Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the content of MVD in damaged skin of Guinea pigs' right ears and based on which to investigate the action mechanism of Chinese gallnut on psoriasis. [Results]Gall ointment could resolve the swelling in the back of the Guinea pig ear,reduce scales,improve angiotelectasis,lower pathologic histology score and reduce the number of cells in inflammatory cell infiltration; it could significantly lower the MVD value of damaged skin tissues in the model. [Conclusions] Gall ointment could improve the microcirculation of damaged skin tissues of psoriasis by reducing the MVD in the damaged skin,as a result,it could resist the proliferation of microvessel and it had therapeutical effect of psoriasis.     

仙人掌总黄酮对小鼠抗急性炎症作用的研究

为了探讨仙人掌总黄酮对小鼠的抗急性炎症作用。采用耳肿胀法、毛细血管通透性增加、足肿胀法对仙人掌总黄酮的抗急性炎症作用进行研究。结果表明：仙人掌总黄酮各剂量组小鼠耳肿胀度与空白对照组相比差异极显著(P<0.01);毛细血管通透性增加实验中,各剂量组的OD值与空白对照组相比差异极限著(P<0.01);足肿胀实验中各剂量组0.5~2 h 肿胀度与空白对照组相比差异极限著(P<0.01),但各剂量组3 h足趾肿胀度与空白对照组无显著差异。仙人掌总黄酮对肿胀反应及毛细血管通透性增加有显著的抑制作用,可减轻肿胀和渗出等局部炎症反应,具有一定的抗急性炎症作用。     

红地球葡萄贮藏效果预测因子初探

【研究目的】研究不同产地红地球葡萄品质指标及发病率的变化,明确影响红地球葡萄贮藏效果的主要因素。【研究方法】以5个不同产地红地球葡萄为试验材料,测定冷藏条件下果实的带菌率、果梗含水量、发病率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸及多酚含量的变化。【研究结果】不同产地红地球葡萄的贮藏特性不同,其中怀来葡萄的带菌率与发病率均较低,果梗含水量低且下降缓慢(下降率为5.60%),可溶性固形物含量和多酚含量高,比其他产地葡萄有更好的抗病性。各指标与果粒发病率相关程度不同,贮藏过程中可溶性固形物含量及果肉多酚含量变化与发病率的相关系数均大于0.828;采收时红地球葡萄果肉多酚含量与贮藏80d后果粒发病率相关系数为0.885。【结论】贮藏过程中可溶性固形物含量及果肉多酚含量变化可以较好的监测葡萄发病率的变化,采收时红地球葡萄果肉多酚含量能够作为大批量红地球葡萄贮藏效果的预测因子。     

Pharmacodynamic Effects of Aquilaria sinensis Leaves and Its Comparison with LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in Pharmacological Actions

[Objective]To research the pharmacodynamic effects of Aquilaria sinensis leaves,and to compare pharmacological actions between A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM. [Methods]Pharmacological experiments of analgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity were carried out by whole animal tests. [Results] glucose values of diabetic mice induced by alloxan reduced significantly in LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves had extremely significant inhibitory effects on the auricle swelling of mice induced by xylene and the abdominal capillary permeability of mice induced by acetic acid( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Low- and middle-dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group had significant inhibitory effects on pains induced by thermal stimulus and acetic acid( P 0. 05 or P 0. 01),and obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05);and high-dosage group of A. sinensis leaves also obviously prolonged the asthma latency time of guinea pigs( P 0. 05). Water extracts of A. sinensis leaves showed significant differences in time to falling asleep and sleeping time of mice( P 0. 01 or P 0. 05). Different dosage groups of A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM group significantly enhanced the intestine moving distance and rate( P 0. 05,P 0. 01 or 0. 001). [Conclusions]Ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves and LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM had certain functions ofanalgesia,anti-inflammation,hypoglycemic action,relieving asthma and promoting intestine moving activity. Effects of ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves were equal to the effects of LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM; and the ethanol extracts from A. sinensis leaves was superior to LIGNUM AQUILARIAE RESINATUM in anti-asthma and promoting intestine moving activity.     

总酚含量及多酚氧化酶活性与岩黄连愈伤组织褐化的相关性研究

以未褐化的岩黄连愈伤组织为材料,于培养基中添加不同浓度的抗坏血酸,研究抗坏血酸对岩黄连愈伤组织褐化及总酚含量和多酚氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明：在培养第20天,各处理岩黄连愈伤组织的褐化率均低于对照;各处理的多酚氧化酶活性均高于对照,其中抗坏血酸浓度175mg/L的处理多酚氧化酶活性最高,为14.1400U/(g·min),比对照高72.3%;各处理的总酚含量均低于对照,抗坏血酸浓度为175mg/L的处理总酚含量最低,为0.4633μg/mL,比对照低88.3%。相关性分析结果表明,岩黄连愈伤组织褐变率与总酚含量呈正相关,与多酚氧化酶活性呈负相关;而岩黄连愈伤组织多酚氧化酶活性和总酚含量呈极显著负相关。     

生物炭对酸化土壤锰毒害的缓解效应研究

生长在酸性土壤上的植物受一系列障碍因素的影响,其中锰毒是继铝毒之后限制植物生长的第二重要因素。本研究旨在利用生物炭改良酸化土壤的同时进一步缓解土壤锰的毒害效应。通过1个月的室内培养试验,研究在酸化土壤中和在酸化土壤施加外源锰(2、4 mmol/kg)两种情况下,分别添加3%的两种不同生物炭──稻壳炭和苹果枝条炭,对空心菜生长和锰毒害的影响。结果表明：（1）在酸化土壤中,添加两种不同生物炭均可显著增加空心菜的株高和生物量;在酸化土壤施加外源锰条件下,空心菜的株高和生物量显著受到抑制,添加稻壳炭能够显著缓解锰对空心菜生长的抑制作用,但苹果枝条炭不能有效缓解锰对空心菜的生长抑制;在高锰(4 mmol/kg)抑制条件下,空心菜植株出现生理缺水,两种生物炭的添加均能显著缓解空心菜植株的缺水现象。（2）生物炭的添加显著提高了土壤pH值,土壤pH值的变化与空心菜株高和生物量变化呈显著或极显著性相关。（3）添加稻壳炭和苹果枝条炭使空心菜对锰的累积浓度分别减少了48.5%和26.6%;外源锰施加情况下,空心菜对锰元素的富集浓度达到1502.1~2185.9 mg/kg,稻壳炭的添加使空心菜对锰的累积显著降低到516.4~975.5 mg/kg,但苹果枝条炭无法有效缓解外源锰对空心菜的毒害。（4）两种生物炭尤其稻壳炭可有效或显著降低土壤交换性锰含量,增加土壤易还原性锰含量,但未对土壤活性锰总量产生显著性影响。稻壳炭和苹果枝条炭能够显著促进空心菜生长、改善外源锰毒对植株造成的缺水现象;两种生物炭均能显著降低空心菜对锰的累积,提升土壤pH值、减少土壤交换性锰含量,不同程度缓解锰的毒害并促进植物生长。     

小米粥加工过程中营养成分及抗氧化活性的变化

小米加工成米粥后供人食用,为研究其在加工过程中生理活性物质的变化规律,对小米经高压蒸煮、冷冻干燥、复水加工制成速食小米粥过程中氨基酸、酚酸、黄酮含量及提取物的抗氧化能力变化进行研究。结果表明,总氨基酸与必需氨基酸含量在加工过程中无显著性差异,小米中结合态酚酸高压蒸煮后降低27.87%,对小米中自由态黄酮经高压蒸煮后降低29.57%。冷冻干燥和复水对酚酸与黄酮含量影响不显著。复水后小米粥中的香草酸含量与小米相比增长73.94%。复水小米粥中自由态与结合态酚酸提取物清除DPPH自由基能力分别比小米中降低55.83%和88.39%;高压蒸煮后自由态与结合态酚酸提取物三价铁还原能力显著下降,分别下降30.08%和39.74%;冷冻干燥和复水对酚酸提取物三价铁还原能力无显著影响。     

氮肥运筹方式对豫单2002产量及品质的影响

【研究目的】该研究旨在为豫单2002的推广应用提供施肥技术支撑,为高产高蛋白夏玉米氮肥合理运筹肥提供理论与技术依据。【方法】在豫北潮土区高产田块上,采用田间试验,设N0（不施氮肥）、N1（攻杆肥100%）、N2（攻穗肥100%）、N3（攻杆肥40%+攻穗肥60%）,N4（攻杆肥30%+攻穗肥50%+攻粒肥20%）五个处理开展研究。【结果】结果表明：氮肥不同运筹方式增产效果差异显著,其中N3处理增产效果最好,其次是N1处理和N4处理,N2处理增产效果最小;分次施肥有于提高籽粒粗蛋白含量,且随着施肥次数的增加,籽粒粗蛋白含量呈上升趋势;分次施肥亦有利于提高籽粒蛋白质产量,不同处理以N3最佳,其次为N4;氮肥不同运筹方式肥料利用率差异显著,其中N3处理最高,其次为N4和N1处理,而N2最低。【结论】N3处理由于有效地促进了植株对氮素的吸收利用,增加显著地产量和提高了籽粒蛋白质产量,一定程度上提高了籽粒蛋白质含量,因而为最佳氮肥运筹方式。     

Effects of cultivar and environment on phenolic acids in buckwheat

Summary Phenolic acid contents were determined in seeds from five buckwheat cultivars grown at three locations in western Canada for four years. Buckwheat contained 12–16 g/kg of total phenolic acids, about 3 g/kg of esterified phenolic acids, and 8–13 g/kg of etherified phenolic acids. The latter represented 70 to 79% of the total phenolics. Variation in phenolic acids was mainly due to cultivar, seasonal effects and their interaction, while growing location had no significant effect. Phenolic acid contents of buckwheat were independent of seed color and protein content. Esterified phenolic acids exhibited a negative significant association with etherified phenolic acids in buckwheat.