Analysis of Volatile Components in Coffee Beans from Different Production Areas by HS-SPME-GC/MS

[Objective] To provide references for the quality evaluation of coffee beans in different production areas.[Methods] Volatile components in coffee beans from different production areas were analyzed by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction( HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry( GC/MS).The relative contents of volatile components were calculated by peak area normalization method,and processed by stoichiometry.[Results] A total of 97 chemical components were preliminarily identified.There were certain differences in the volatile components in coffee beans from different production areas.Coffee beans from three production areas( Brazil,Columbia and Indonesia)were analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.[Conclusions] This method was suitable for the rapid analysis of volatile components in coffee beans,which could be used for the quality evaluation of coffee beans.     

Analysis of the Chemical Components of Essential Oils from Leaves of Tetracera sarmentosa by GC- MS

[Objective] To research the chemical components in the essential oils from leaves of Tetracera sarmentosa( L.) Vahl by GC-MS.[Methods]Essential oils were extracted from the leaves of T.sarmentosa by steam distillation method.The chemical components were analyzed by GC-MS; and the relative content of each component was detected by peak area normalization method.[Results]A total of 47 chromatographic peaks were isolated and 19 chemical components were identified,accounting for 73.72% of the total essential oils.The main chemical components from leaves of T.sarmentosa were hexadecanoic acid( 41.59%),phytol( 11.10%),linoleic acid( 5.08%) and so on.[Conclusions]This research provided references for the quality control of the leaves of T.sarmentosa,as well as the further development and utilization of the leaves of T.sarmentosa.     

顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱技术分析千层金叶片的挥发性成分

为探究千层金叶片挥发性物质的种类,采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)-气质联用(GC-MS)技术分析、鉴定了千层金叶片的挥发性成分,并将研究结果和采用水蒸气蒸馏法(HD)提取的千层金叶片精油进行比较。结果表明,总共检测出76种挥发性物质,占总峰面积的97.28%;采用HD提取的千层金叶片精油,总共检测出37种挥发性物质,占总峰面积的99.67%;HS-SPME提取的千层金叶片的挥发物质主要有醚类、酯类、烃类、酚类、醇类、醛类等,其中醚类的相对含量占比最大,含量最高的成分为甲基丁香酚,相对含量达到72.42%以上;HD法提取的千层金叶片精油中,最主要成分甲基丁香酚的相对含量达到91.48%。千层金叶片精油中含有这么高含量的甲基丁香酚,在植物保护上具有极大的利用价值。     

韩城大红袍花椒挥发油化学成分的GC-MS分析

以陕西韩城大红袍花椒为试材,采用水蒸气蒸馏—乙醚萃取法提取挥发油,用气相色谱—质谱法分析了挥发油的化学成分。共分离得到80个组分,鉴定出58个化学成分,占挥发油总量的 93.83%。韩城大红袍花椒挥发油主要化学成分为：柠檬烯(25.58%)、(R)-4-甲基-1-异丙基-3-环己烯-1-醇(13.38%)、β-月桂烯(6.92%)、γ-松油烯(4.76%)、β-水芹烯(3.81%)、芳樟醇(3.35%)、à,à,4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇(3.28%)、(E)-罗勒烯(3.04%)等。     

超临界CO_2流体萃取石楠叶挥发油化学成分的研究

采用超临界CO2流体萃取石楠叶挥发油,平均出油率为1.32%。利用气相色谱—质谱联用仪对石楠叶挥发油成分进行分离和鉴定,共鉴定出51种化学成分,并用面积归一化法测定了各种成分的含量。     

正交试验优选湿地松松针挥发油提取条件及挥发油GC-MS分析

摘 要：优选湿地松松针挥发油的最佳提取工艺,并对挥发油中化学成分进行分析。采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取湿地松松针挥发油,通过正交试验,研究液料比、提取时间、浸泡时间对湿地松松针挥发油提取得率的影响,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对其挥发油中化学成分进行分析。结果：湿地松松针挥发油的最佳提取工艺为液料比9:1,提取时间2h,浸泡时间6h。气相色谱-质谱联用技术从湿地松松针挥发油中分离出133个峰,鉴定了其中的38种成分,占挥发油总离子流的88.83％,主要成分是单萜和倍半萜,以及少量萜烯的醇、酯类化合物。本研究结果为湿地松松针的进一步综合开发利用提供科学依据。     

云南与津巴布韦烤烟致香物质含量差异研究

【研究目的】为明确云南与津巴布韦烤烟在致香物质方面的差距，指导云南部分替代进口烤烟的研究和生产，提高烟叶质量，特进行此项试验。【方法】采用比色法测定了烟叶多酚总量，索式提取法测定石油醚提取物，硫酸甲酯、三氯甲烷萃取法测定多元酸和高级脂肪酸，水蒸汽-二氯甲烷同时蒸馏萃取、GC/MS-内标定量检测挥发性香气物质；并分类分析比较了云南与津巴布韦烤烟的多酚总量、石油醚提取物、多元酸、高级脂肪酸及挥发性香气物质等烟草致香物质含量的差异。【结果】结果表明云南烤烟各部位烟叶的石油醚提取物、芳香氨基酸降解的香气物质超过津巴布韦烤烟，多酚、高级脂肪酸则低于津巴布韦烤烟；上部烟叶的西柏烷类香气物质高于津巴布韦烤烟，多元酸、类胡萝卜素降解的香气物质、梅拉德反应的香气物质则低于津巴布韦烤烟；中部和下部烟叶的多元酸、类胡萝卜素降解的香气物质、梅拉德反应的香气物质高于津巴布韦烤烟，而西柏烷类香气物质则低于津巴布韦烤烟。云南与津巴布韦烤烟在致香物质方面的差距，主要表现在上部烟叶的柠檬酸、油酸、巨豆三烯酮、金合欢基丙酮、β-二氢大马酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯、糠醇、糠醛等致香物质含量低于津巴布韦烟叶。【结论】云南与津巴布韦烤烟的致香物质差异比较明显，上部烟叶致香物质含量明显不如津巴布韦。     

棉花幼苗对低温胁迫的响应及抗冷机制初步研究

【目的】探讨棉花不同组织对低温胁迫的响应,初步探讨研究抗冷的生理生化和分子机制。【方法】测定了4个抗冷性差异显著的材料在低温处理后的生物量、抗氧化酶活力和可溶性蛋白含量,同时分析了抗冷相关基因在豫2067根、茎、叶的表达情况。【结果】4℃低温处理24 h对冷敏感材料生长抑制最大,对根系生长的抑制大于地上部分;细胞膜透性测定结果表明,受低温胁迫后4个材料根系细胞膜能保持相对稳定的结构,而叶片细胞膜对低温胁迫敏感,抗冷材料叶片细胞膜稳定性大于冷敏感材料,低温胁迫后叶片细胞膜透性与棉花的抗冷性呈负相关,可以作为棉花抗冷性的鉴定指标;棉花在受到低温胁迫24 h后,抗冷材料根中SOD的活力基本不变,冷敏感材料根中SOD的活力却极显著下降,2个材料的根系中POD、CAT的活力均下降,但抗冷材料豫2067下降的幅度小于冷敏感材料,可溶性蛋白含量在抗冷材料叶茎中基本不变,在冷敏材料的叶片和茎中均下降。低温胁迫后5个与抗冷相关的基因在豫2067叶片中上调表达的多于下调表达的,上调表达的基因分别是脂肪酸脱氢酶基因、胁迫诱导蛋白基因、假定R2R3-MYB转录因子基因、b HLH1转录因子基因;在根中下调表达的多于上调表达的,下调的基因分别为b HLH1转录因子基因、胁迫诱导蛋白基因、伸展蛋白基因2,这与根系的生长受抑制的结果是一致的。【结论】推测这些抗冷相关基因在叶片中的上调表达与叶片生长受低温抑制程度低有一定的关系。     

雪松的挥发性物质成分及杀菌效益研究

摘 要：采用固相微萃取和GC/MS分析相结合的方法对雪松叶片的挥发性有机物进行了鉴定,共鉴定出31种化学成份,主要为1R-α-蒎烯、α-蒎烯、月桂烯、柠檬烯、石竹烯等;研究了雪松对细菌、真菌、放线菌的抑制作用,结果表明雪松具有较强的清除微生物能力,其能力随着季节的变化而不同,这种差异与其挥发性有机物的成分及含量有关。     

Effects of Pulverization on Components and the Content of Volatile Oil in Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc.

[Objective] To study effects of conventional pulverization on the content and components of volatile oil in Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. [Methods]Contents of volatile oil in Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. of different pulverization degree were measured,and compositions of different extracted volatile oil were analyzed and compared by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry( GC- MS).[Results]Compared with that in the whole grain,the loss of volatile oil in fine powder( 80 mesh,national standard) was as high as 34. 2%,mainly being the loss of the enol compounds; the content of volatile oil was relatively less influenced by coarse powder( 10 mesh),chemical components isolated from which were the most,and the aroma components of which were also richer. [Conclusion] The finer the powder of Zanthoxylum schinifolium Sieb. et Zucc. is,the more the volatile oil loss is,yet appropriate grinding is in favor of the emission of aroma components.     

不同类型烟草叶片挥发物比较分析

为探究不同类型烟草叶片挥发物成分成分差异，[方法]利用顶空动态吸附法收集烟草挥发物，采用气相色谱质谱联用技术对其组分及含量进行分析。[结果]结果表明，不同类型烟草叶片挥发物组分和含量存在差异，豫烟11共检测到51种挥发物，8306共检测到50种挥发物，云烟87共检测到48种挥发物，粤烟98共检测到44种挥发物，K326共检测到43种挥发物，晒黄烟共检测到34种挥发物，香料烟共检测到25种挥发物。其中，烤烟鉴定出17种特有化合物。晒黄烟鉴定出6种特有化合物。香料烟鉴定出4种特有化合物。[结论]这些化合物的发现与不同类型烟草间的香味风格特征的形成密切相关。     

六种不同产区白芷药材挥发性成分比较分析

为分析比较不同加工方法的白柠檬油中挥发性成分,采用气相色谱-质谱法进行挥发性成分的定性分析,并通过质谱库检索,结合保留指数验证,从蒸馏白柠檬油和冷榨白柠檬油中分别鉴定出85和79个挥发性成分。结果表明：蒸馏白柠檬油主要成分为柠檬烯（30.628%）,γ-松油烯（11.414%）,α-松油醇（7.939%）,萜品油烯（7.540%）,对伞花烃（4.543%）,α-松油烯（3.140%）,1,4-桉叶素（3.123%）,β-蒎烯（2.598%）,β-没药烯（2.286%）,γ-松油醇（1.559%）,1,8-桉叶素（1.541%）等化合物;冷榨白柠檬油主要成分为柠檬烯（34.469%）,β-蒎烯（15.423%）,γ-松油烯（10.847%）,α-蒎烯（3.676%）,β-没药烯（3.457%）,桧烯（3.418%）,(E)-α-香柠檬烯（2.400%）,(E,E)-α-金合欢烯（1.973%）,β-石竹烯（1.623%）,月桂烯（1.546%）,对伞花烃（1.541%）,白柠檬素（1.035%）等化合物。两种不同加工方法的白柠檬油中挥发性成分的组成及含量上存在一定差异。     

生熟西瓜子中挥发性成分分析研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取装置萃取西瓜子中的挥发性成分,用气相色谱—质谱联用方法,分析其挥发性成分并进行对比。结果表明,西瓜子挥发性成分中含有多种酸类和酯类化合物,以色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。生西瓜子中挥发性主要成分有亚油酸、软脂酸、油酸和硬脂酸,这4种组分占全部被检测组分的91.24%。熟西瓜子中挥发性主要成分有诱烯醇、2,4-癸二烯醛、软脂酸、油酸和硬脂酸,这5种组分占全部被检测组分的87.78%。熟西瓜子与生西瓜子相比,油酸、诱烯醇含量提高。同种挥发性成分在生熟西瓜子中的含量相对稳定。     

基于感官差异的会泽旱烟和师宗旱烟香气成分的HS-SPME-GC/MS对比分析研究

传统卷烟感官质量评价结果显示,添加会泽旱烟的卷烟味道要比师宗旱烟更柔和一些,评分也略高。为分析会泽旱烟和师宗旱烟烟叶中挥发性香气成分的差异,通过对萃取头材料、样品量、萃取时间、萃取温度等条件的筛选,选取最优条件,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法(HS-SPME-GC/MS)分析会泽旱烟和师宗旱烟的烟叶样品,结果表明：（1）通过筛选,最优条件为称取0.2 g烟叶样品,使用PDMS/DVB涂层材料的粉色萃取头,在80℃的温度下萃取20 min,然后进行HS-SPME-GC/MS分析。（2）曲靖旱烟所含挥发性成分为66种,师宗旱烟所含挥发性成分为62种。（3）会泽旱烟和师宗旱烟烟叶样品中,挥发性成分最高的均为烟碱与新植二烯,除这2种物质外,挥发性香气成分中含量较高的为碱类和酮类物质。（4）会泽旱烟中的醇类、酸类挥发性成分含量高于师宗旱烟,香气成分比师宗旱烟更均衡一些。固相微萃取的结果与旱烟感官评价的结论基本一致,可为深入研究旱烟品质及风格特征提供理论依据。     

超临界CO_2萃取箬竹叶挥发油的气相色谱—质谱分析

采用超临界CO2流体萃取箬竹叶挥发油,然后用气相色谱—质谱联用技术GC—MS,对其挥发性成分进行分离鉴定。分离出了51种成分,鉴定了其中的37种,占箬竹叶挥发油总峰面积的88.0%.     

增施不同有机物质对烤烟烟叶香气质量的影响

以河南省南阳市烤烟为试材,采用GC/MS联用分析技术,研究了常规措施(CK)下增施不同的有机物质对烤烟化学成分和主要中性香气成分含量的影响。结果表明:与常规施肥措施相比,增施豆制品处理烟叶中水溶性总糖、还原糖和钾含量提高幅度较大,芝麻制品处理增幅相对较小,且各处理之间其他成分差异不大;增施不同的有机物质均能增加烟叶中的中性挥发性香气物质总量,其中新植二烯、类胡萝卜素类降解产物、芳香族氨基酸代谢产物、美拉德反应产物、西柏烷类降解产物等各类致香物质含量在各个处理中均有不同程度的提高。表明增施有机物质在一定程度上改善了烟叶化学成分之间的协调性,提高了烟叶的香气质量;增施的有机物质种类不同,其效果也有所不同,其中以增施发酵后的豆浆的2个处理最好,其次是增施豆糁,增施芝麻和香油的2个处理效果稍差。     

Analysis on Volatile Components of Turkey Figs Grown in Different Production Areas by HS-SPME-GC-MS

[Objective]To analyze the volatile components of turkey figs grown in different production areas. [Methods]The volatile components were analyzed by HS-SPME-GC-MS,and their relative percentage contents were calculated by peak area normalization method. Data were analyzed by principal component analysis( PCA) and cluster analysis( HCA). [Results] A total of 61 volatile components were identified from the 12 batches of turkey figs. Among them,anethol,linalool oxide and benzoic aldehyde had relatively high contents. And their contents were the maximum in figs grown in Artux City in Xinjiang. [Conclusions]The volatile components in turkey figs of different production areas were detected rapidly by HS-SPME-GC-MS; and turkey figs grown in different production areas could be distinguished effectively by PCA and HCA.     

Analysis of the Volatile Components in the Fruits of Vanilla planifoli Andrews by HS- SPME Combined with GC- MS

[Objective]To analyze the volatile components from fruits of Vanill planifoli Andrews. [Methods]The volatile components were extracted and enriched by headspace solid-phase microextraction(HS-SPME). The chemical components were analyzed by GC-MS. The fiber head of HS-SPME was selected,while the HS-SPME operating conditions were optimized. [Results]A total of 28 components were separated and identified,accounted for 98. 17% of total volatile components. Among them,vanillin had the maximum content(48. 28%),followed with guaiacol(15. 54%). [Conclusions]HS-SPME combined with GC-MS was used to analyze the volatile components from V. planifoli fruits for the first time,which provided scientific basis for further research and development of volatile components in V. planifoli fruits     

不同专化型棉蚜对寄主的选择及其机制初探

【目的】研究棉花型棉蚜和黄瓜型棉蚜依靠味觉的寄主选择行为及其机制。【方法】采用培养皿选择法探究2种专化型棉蚜的寄主选择行为;采用气相色谱-飞行时间质谱联用仪(GC-TOFMS)对棉花、黄瓜及西葫芦苗期叶片的次生化合物组分进行测定,并筛选其差异次生化合物。【结果】行为选择结果显示:棉花型棉蚜和黄瓜型棉蚜显著性地选择其原生寄主棉花和黄瓜,2种专化型棉蚜对西葫芦的选择无显著差异。次生化合物测定结果显示:棉花、黄瓜及西葫芦苗期叶片中次生化合物种类及含量存在较大差异。其中,棉花叶片中的琥珀酸和腐胺的相对含量分别为0.8006和0.1960,黄瓜叶片中对应的含量分别为0.2409和0.4401。【结论】棉蚜对寄主的选择经历了初始的嗅觉选择,完成了味觉的识别,能够反映出寄主次生化合物对棉蚜寄主选择的影响,推测次生化合物种类及含量的差异可能影响不同专化型棉蚜的寄主选择。     

棉花产量因主茎不同叶位叶绿素含量变化对播期和密度的响应

叶绿素含量是田间诊断氮素营养供应状况指标之一,与氮代谢密切相关。【目的】为探讨播期和密度对迟直播棉花主茎不同叶位氮代谢与产量的影响。【方法】采用裂区试验设计,以播期(月-日)(S1,05-30;S2,06-14)为主区,密度(株·m-2)为副区(D1,7.5;D2,9.0;D3,10.5),在大田试验条件下研究了不同生育时期棉花主茎不同叶位叶绿素含量的动态变化。【结果】1)棉花叶绿素a、b、(a+b)含量盛花期初花期现蕾期,且随叶位由上而下先升高(倒3~5叶最高)后降低,随密度增加而降低,播期间(现蕾期、初花期、盛花期)S2显著高于S1(现蕾期叶绿素b无显著差异),播期、密度均不改变这些指标在叶位间的变化趋势,播期与密度交互作用存在差异(应作相应的统计分析);2)棉花叶绿素a/b现蕾期初花期(盛花期),不同叶位间现蕾期随叶位由上而下先升高(倒3~4叶最高)后降低,但初花期和盛花期变化平缓,播期、密度不影响叶位间的变化趋势;3)通过逐步回归分析法,得到单叶叶绿素含量(叶绿素(a+b)、叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素a/b)能够显著代表整株平均水平的叶位,即为棉花叶绿素含量典型叶,现蕾期为倒5叶,初花期为倒4叶,而盛花期随叶绿素指标不同而异。【结论】S1D2产量最高,叶绿素含量、a/b值比较合理。