利用海拔温差调控种植天麻的研究

【研究目的】研制利用海拔温差调控种植天麻的技术方案,以求天麻种植科学便捷、经济有效。【方法 】根据天麻生长发育的温度理论原理,观测并推算不同海拔高度气温与地温的对应值,确定如何利用海拔温差科学调控种植天麻。【结果】在湖北宜昌海拔1000m以上建立品种园,100m左右建杂交区,500m左右建良种场,800m以上建商品麻GAP基地最为经济有效：将有性种麻培育期节省了12个月,将有性乌天麻商品麻的生产周期节省了12个月,且保持优质高产;调控乌天麻与红天麻花期相遇,培育出鄂天麻1号、2号两个优良杂交新品种。【结论】利用海拔温差调控种植天麻的技术方案科学便捷、经济有效。     

天麻赤砂糖饼干加工工艺优化

在单因素试验的基础上,选择天麻粉添加量、赤砂糖添加量、泡打粉添加量、烘烤时间为自变量,天麻饼干感官品质评分为考察指标,进行L_9(3~4)正交试验,优化天麻赤砂糖饼干的加工工艺。结果表明,天麻赤砂糖饼干的最佳工艺条件为:天麻粉添加量14%,赤砂糖添加量15%,泡打粉添加量2%,烘烤时间10 min,在此工艺条件下,制备的天麻赤砂糖饼干呈棕黄色,表面光滑,组织细密均匀,天麻味适中,酥脆且甜而不腻。     

北方地区天麻品种与栽培模式对产量的影响

为了获得适宜北方日光温室栽培的天麻品种和栽培模式,选用‘红杆’、‘绿杆’和‘乌杆’天麻3个天麻品种,采用日光温室地面畦栽、筐栽,以及室外露天栽培3种栽培模式,并比较单层栽培与双层栽培对天麻产量的影响。结果表明,‘红杆’天麻是北方日光温室最适栽培品种,有性繁殖获得1 g以上米麻的个数所占比例最高为33%,重量占总产量的79%;‘绿杆’天麻次之,‘乌杆’天麻最低。3种栽培模式中,日光温室地面畦栽产量最高,其次是室内筐栽,室外露天栽培产量最低。3种天麻双层种植的产量都显著高于单层。     

猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒RT-PCR方法的建立及初步应用

为了建立快速检测猪血凝性脑脊髓炎病毒（HEV）的RT-PCR方法,根据GenBank中HEV的HE基因和S基因设计了1对引物,在优化RT-PCR反应条件的基础上,成功的扩增出323bp的特异性条带。检测与HEV亲缘性较高的牛冠状病毒及猪的伪狂犬病毒均为阴性,最低可以检测到10个TCID50/100μl的病毒,说明该方法的有较好的特异性和敏感性。用此RT-PCR方法对感染HEV的小鼠和猪进行检测,结果能从发病动物的多种组织中检测到病原,其中以脑组织的检出率最高。因此,临床疑似病例检测时以脑组织为最佳检测样本     

The Microstructure of Peristrophe roxburghiana

[Objective]To study the microstructure characteristics of Peristrophe roxburghiana(Schult.) Bremek.,so that reference can be provided for its identification,development and utilization and the establishment of its quality standards. [Methods]Microscopic identification method was used in the identification research of Peristrophe roxburghiana. [Results]The root cortex of Peristrophe roxburghiana contained a large secretory cavity; parenchymal cells of its stem cortex contained sclereids; nonglandular hair,glandular scales and cystoliths could be seen in its leaves and the leaves' powder; both upper and lower epidermis cells mianly looked irregular or were in polygon-like shapes. [Conclusions]Features above are significanct in microscopic identification,and thus can be evidence for the identification of Peristrophe roxburghiana.     

Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Tannin Extracts from Castanea mollissima,Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Quercus aliena Based on Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis Extraction Method

[Objective] To research the effects of hydrochloric acid hydrolysis extraction on the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tannin extracts from Castanea mollissima,Cyclobalanopsis glauca and Quercus aliena. [Methods] Extracts from C. mollissima,C. glauca and Q. aliena were prepared by water extraction( WE) and ethanol extraction( EE) and HCl( 4 M) hydrolysis extraction( HE),respectively.Their DPPH radical scavenging capabilities,antimicrobial activities and gallic acid contents( GAC) were detected as well as the soluble tannin contents in dry leaves.[Results]The soluble tannin contents in C. mollissima,C. glauca and Q. aliena leaves were 87. 32,76. 89 and 51. 28 mg / g,respectively. HE increased the GAC in the extracts of C. mollissima and C. glauca by 15- 60 and 5- 15 times,respectively,while the GAC in the extracts of Q. aliena remained almost unchanged when compared with WE and EE. Meanwhile,the DPPH scavenging capabilities and antimicrobial activities were also enhanced by HE. C. albicans and C. tropicalis were more sensitive than others to the three plant extracts,especially to C. glauca. Unexpectedly,C. glauca had the highest antimicrobial activity,but its tannin and gallic acid contents were only moderate,indicating that other substance with higher antimicrobial activity existed. [Conclusions]HE enhanced the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of tannin rich extracts of the three plant leaves from the Fagacae family.     

Comparison the Content of Moisture,Ash and Extract from Stem and Root Bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and Euonymus grandiflorus Wall. f. grandiflorus

[Objective]To compare the content of moisture,ash and extract of stem and root bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver and Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus.[Methods]According to the first method of aquametry(over-drying method)in the 2010 edition Chinese Pharmacopoeia appendix IX H,ash determination in appendix IX K,and extract measurement in appendix X A.[Results]Moisture content of stem and root bark of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was between 5.38%and 6.33%,while that of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver was between 5.36%and 6.90%(both in line with the stipulation in Chinese Pharmacopoeia that moisture content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver herbs should at most be 13.0%);total ash content of stem and root bark of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was between15.88%to 19.43%,while that of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver was between 5.45%and 7.30%(The average content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver was 6.29%,and it was in line with the stipulation in Chinese Pharmacopoeia that of total ash content of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver should at most be 10%;and the average content of stem and root bark of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was 17.36%,and it was higher than the stipulated level.);the acid-insoluble ash content of stem and root bark of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was between 1.88%and 2.64%,lower than that of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver(3.58%-4.10%);the content of 75%hot ethanol extract of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was the highest of 26.51%;and under the extract condition,the content of stem and root bark of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was between 19.36%and 26.45%,obviously higher than that of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver(14.96%-16.70%)(Both of that were in line with the stipulation in Chinese Pharmacopoeia,and the ethanol-soluble extract content of stem and root bark of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver should be at least 12.0%);there was little difference in ether volatile extract content of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus and Eucommia ulmoides Oliver,respectively in the range of 0.33%-0.51%and 0.33%-0.56%.[Conclusions]The appropriate moisture content of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus should not exceed 13%.Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus are widely used by of Yi nationality clinic,however it was few research on chemical components,bioactivity and the action mechanism of toxicology and pharmacology.Moreover results of this experiment showed that the content of ethanol-soluble extract of Euonymus grandiflorus Wall.f.grandiflorus was higher than that of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver by hot 75%ethanol extraction,while content of ether volatile extract in the two materials were similar.Therefore,bio-screening of main constituents and relevant researches on effects of toxicology and pharmacology should be done to testify and ensure the safety and validity of Yi Nationality clinic,developed and medical used scientifically and properly.     

施肥对马铃薯花芽分化进程及其相关生理指标的影响

为研究马铃薯块茎产量品质的形成机理,采用显微照相法和相对叶绿素含量测定仪SPAD-502plus,研究2个施肥处理下马铃薯花芽分化过程,叶片内淀粉还原糖含量及相对叶绿素含量。结果表明,马铃薯块茎形成与花芽分化时间有关,分化越早,块茎发生越早;马铃薯花芽分化的过程是由外而内进行的,分别为花原基分化、花萼分化、花瓣分化、雄蕊分化期、雌蕊分化期;马铃薯相对叶绿素含量（SPAD值）的变化趋势与叶片内淀粉还原糖含量基本一致,花芽分化期达最大值;通过试验研究得出马铃薯块茎产量品质的形成与花芽分化时间及期间叶片内营养水平、叶绿素含量显著相关。     

厚轴茶雄性不育株花药败育的生物学特性和细胞学研究

为明确厚轴茶(Camellia crassocolumnaH. T. Chang)雄性不育株花器发育形态、花药和花粉败育时期及兵细胞学特征,利用体视显微镜、石蜡切片技术、染色体制片和DAPI染色法,对厚轴茶雄性不育株和可育株开花迚程、花器形态、花药发育过程、花粉母细胞减数分裂及小孢子发育过程比较观察。结果显示,厚轴茶花属于完全花,花药其四室、呈蝶形,花药壁发育为基本型,绒毡层细胞其双核,于四分体时期形成分泌型细胞,单核花粉期开始降解,花粉母细胞经过减数分裂Ⅰ、减数分裂Ⅱ和胞质分裂后形成四面体型四分体,小孢子呈三角形,成熟花粉为二细胞型花粉。花蕾发育早期,不育株雄蕊发育正常,与可育株无明显差异。花蕾发育后期,不育株花丝弯曲,花药粘连、干瘪、褐化、坏死,不裂药。不育株减数分裂期绒毡层细胞异常增生、排列混乱,单核至双核花粉期绒毡层延迟降解。不育株花粉母细胞减数分裂过程中存在环状单价体、滞后染色体、染色体桥、染色体缺失、不均等分离、微核和多分体等异常现象。不育株小孢子胞质紊乱,单核期花粉粒相互粘附,花粉壁皱缩变形,花粉细胞质和细胞核模糊不清,成熟花粉细胞空瘪凹陷。研究结果表明,厚轴茶雄性不育花...     

喀斯特植物叶片草酸钙与抗坏血酸的相关性分析

草酸钙晶体是一种典型的植物生物矿物,在植物的生长发育和抗逆性方面起着重要的作用。本研究以贵州喀斯特生境中适生草本、灌木和乔木植物为材料,通过光学显微成像观察草酸钙晶体的形态和分布特征。同时,分析抗坏血酸和草酸钙含量之间的相关性,探究抗坏血酸与草酸钙之间的关系。结果表明,植物叶片中草酸钙主要有簇晶和棱晶两种形态,簇晶主要分布在叶肉组织中,而棱晶主要分布在叶脉组织中。在草本和灌木物种中,草酸钙含量与抗坏血酸和脱氢抗坏血酸均表现为正相关关系;然而,在乔木物种中,草酸钙含量与抗坏血酸含量正相关,与脱氢抗坏血酸含量相关性不明显。研究发现,贵州喀斯特适生植物叶片主要以叶肉簇晶和叶脉棱晶的方式富集草酸钙晶体,植物抗坏血酸和草酸钙之间表现为正相关,这为进一步研究草酸钙晶体的合成和生物学功能提供了科学数据。     

Effects of Water Decoction of Plumbago zeylanica L. on the Proliferation,Apoptosis and Cell Cycle of Rats Hepatic Stellate Cells

[Objective] To observe the effects of water decoction of Plumbago zeylanica Linn.on the proliferation,apoptosis and cell cycle of rats hepatic stellate cells,and to discuss the function and mechanism of anti-hepatic fibrosis of P.zeylanica.[Methods] SD rats were given water decoction of P.zeylanica by gavage,so as to obtain medicated serum.Medicated serum was incubated together with hepatic stellate cells( HSC-T6) according to different dosage groups.Blank control group was desgined; and medicated serum groups of colchicine and Compound Biejiaruangan Tablet were taken as the positive control groups.Proliferation of HSC-T6 was detected after incubation by MTT colorimetry; cell apoptosis and the DNA content in each cell phase was detected by flow cytometer.[Results]Inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate: compared with blank control,inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate in medicated serum groups enhanced significantly,showing significant differences( P 0.01).When the dosage of medicated serum was within 5%- 20%,inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate of HSC-T6 enhanced as dosage increased.Inhibitory rate and apoptosis rate in medicated serum group of high dosage were significantly higher than those in colchicine groups,but was equal to those in Compound Biejiaruangan Tablet group.Cell cycle: there were no significant changes in cell percentage in each group at G2/M phase.Compared with blank control group,cell percentages of medicated serum groups of P.zeylanica enhanced significantly at G0/G1 phase,and reduced significantly at S phase,showing significant changes( P 0.01).When the dosage of medicated serum reduced within 20%- 5%,the cell percentage gradually declined at G0/G1 phase,and gradually increased at S phase.Under the same serum concentration,cell percentage of P.zeylanica group enhanced significantly at G0/G1 phase and decreased obviously at S phase compared with that of colchicine group.There were no significant changes in Compound Biejiaruangan Tablet group.[Conclusions] Medicated serum of P.zeylanica could restrict G1/S proliferation and induce its apoptosis,showing a dose-dependent manner.Medicated serum group of P.zeylanica had stronger effects than medicated serum group of colchicine,while had equal effects to the group of Compound Biejiaruangan Tablet.The mechanism of medicated serum of P.zeylanica in inhibiting HSC-T6 proliferation was to block cell cycle at G0/G1 phase,and to prevent it from passing G1/S.     

马蹄莲研究进展

就马蹄莲（Zantedeschia）的植物学特性和生态习性作了简要综述,介绍了目前马蹄莲繁殖、栽培、育种、病害与防治、种球贮藏及开花调控等方面的研究进展;阐述了中国马蹄莲（Zantedeschia）的研究现状和存在的问题。     

257份菊芋种质资源表型性状的遗传多样性

为有效利用我国菊芋种质资源的遗传多样性,分析了257份菊芋种质资源,表明12个数量性状的变异系数(CV)在6%～50%之间,平均为24.75%,单株块茎重的变异系数最大(50%),生育期的变异系数最小(6%),多样性指数(H')分布在1.24～1.53之间,平均为1.44,单株块茎数的多样性指数最高(1.53),叶宽的多样性指数最低(1.24);8个质量性状的多样性指数在0.85～1.08之间,平均为0.98,以块茎习性最大,块茎整齐度最小,大部分性状表现出丰富的遗传多样性; 257份菊芋资源的隶属函数均值介于0.12～0.58之间,其中JA1095材料最高(0.58),其花数和单株块茎重具有明显优势。菊芋资源12个数量性状的相关性分析表明,茎粗、叶长、花和花盘大小可作为今后选育高产菊芋品种的指导目标性状;主成分分析结果表明,7个主成分因子的累计贡献率达66.794%,其中花数量、单株块茎数量、块茎毛根量、块茎表皮光滑程度4个性状是构成菊芋种植表型差异的主要因素;以20个性状为基础的聚类分析将257份种质材料分为5类,其中,第I类和第II类占总资源量的85%。本研究结果为菊芋种质资源的利用及品种选育等提供了重要参考。     

广西北海红树林土壤放线菌BH0954的分离和鉴定

摘要：【目的】对具有抗菌活性红树林土壤放线菌的进行分离和鉴定。【方法】用海水配制高氏一号培养基,采用稀释分离法将所采集的土壤样本进行分离纯化,通过抗菌试验筛选,从广西北海红树林高盐泥样中分离到一株放线菌BH0954,该菌株的发酵产物具有很强的抗菌活性。该菌株在高氏一号培养基上生长良好,最适生长温度28 ℃,最适生长pH为7.0,观察其形态特征和生理生化特征;提取其基因组总DNA,用通用引物对其16s rDNA进行PCR扩增,扩增产物进行DNA序列测定。【结果】根据其形态学特征、生理生化特征和基于16S rDNA基因序列的系统发育分析结果,BH0954初步被鉴定为链霉菌属的有效发表种仙台链霉菌（Streptomyces sindenensis）的变种。【结论】红树林土壤放线菌BH0954具有抗菌活性,本文的研究结果为进一步开发利用广西红树林土壤放线菌资源奠定基础。     

马铃薯块茎膨大特性及其与单薯鲜重之间的相关性

为定量分析马铃薯块茎膨大特性及其与单薯鲜重之间的相关性,于2018-2019年马铃薯生长季开展不同种植管理模式的田间试验,通过分析马铃薯单薯鲜重和块茎膨大速率等随结薯天数的变化规律,以及块茎膨大参数与单薯鲜重之间的内在关系,明确了马铃薯块茎膨大特性及其与单薯鲜重的相关性。结果表明：各处理马铃薯单薯鲜重随结薯天数呈“S”型曲线变化趋势,在结薯35d后,水肥一体化（TI）处理的单薯鲜重显著高于常规水肥（TC）处理;各处理马铃薯块茎膨大速率随结薯天数呈“单峰”曲线的变化趋势,块茎膨大速率达到最大值成熟期时,TI处理的块茎膨大速率高于TC处理,但差异不显著;马铃薯块茎膨大主要参数均与最终单薯鲜重呈正相关,但均未达到显著相关水平,快增期膨大速率R₂和缓增期膨大速率R₃均与平均膨大速率R间达到极显著正相关,说明TI处理可以保障水肥的精准供应,特别是在马铃薯生长后期可以有效防止植株早衰,提高块茎膨大快增期和缓增期膨大速率,促进马铃薯块茎膨大和干物质积累,而TC处理在马铃薯生长后期容易出现肥料供应不足的情况,抑制了马铃薯块茎膨大。此外,马铃薯块茎平均膨大速率和最大膨大速率主要受块茎快增期和缓增期膨大速率的影响。     

水稻不同器官氮积累及转化效率与氮素利用效率的关系

【目的】分析灌浆过程中不同器官的氮素含量和积累及分配变化与氮素利用效率的关系。【方法】在田间试验条件下,研究了10个水稻基因型的各组织器官氮素积累、分配利用与氮素利用效率间的相互关系。【结果】在籽粒灌浆过程中穗中的氮素含量品种间没有显著的差异而鞘叶和茎中的氮素含量主要在灌浆后期呈显著的差异。穗中氮素积累的增加伴随着鞘叶和茎的氮素积累的下降,尤其是鞘叶更明显,植株总吸氮量在器官中的分配比例随籽粒灌浆进程穗中氮素比例增加伴随鞘叶和茎的氮素比例减少。同样,穗、鞘叶、茎的氮素积累量和分配比例籽粒灌浆后期品种间呈显著的差异。籽粒灌浆不同时期的氮素利用效率品种间呈显著差异,其中成熟期氮素利用效率与成熟期穗和鞘叶氮素含量、鞘叶的氮素积累量和鞘叶氮素分配比例呈显著的负相关,与灌浆中后的穗氮素积累分配比例呈显著的正相关。【结论】在水稻氮高效育种工作中,结合组织氮素进行选择,可有效地提高选择效果     

Effect of Selection for Days to Flower in X-ray Treated Population of Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.)

Dry seeds of an early variety of jute (Fanduk) were X-irradiated to study the effect of selection for days to flower. Variation was induced in days to flower as evident from the high values of genotypic variances and hen lability estimates in the Mi generation. Asymmetric-response was realized in the M4 generation following disruptive selection — response being more towards lateness than earliness. However, significant variances for days to flower were present among both early and late selections in M4 generation. While late lines were superior to the mother variety in plant height and fibre vie Id: pi ant, early lines were inferior to the mother variety in these-traits. Distribution of 15 late lines in fibre yield and plant height classes showed that S lines exceeded the mother variety in fibre yield, plant and 7 of them exceeded it in plant height. In general, gradual shift towards lateness was associated with gradual shift towards greater plant height and fibre yield. Two late lines were very promising and earlier in maturity than the recommended early varieties.     

种茎对多花黄精产量和药用品质的影响

针对目前国内多花黄精种茎无标准和用种不规范的现状,研究多花黄精种茎规格、年龄对产量及药用品质的影响,旨在为多花黄精科学选种用种提供理论依据。采用双因素随机区组设计,主因素为规格,副因素为年龄,以多花黄精种茎的芽头数、茎长、茎径和茎质量为指标,采用K-means聚类法将种茎分成3个规格、3个年龄,通过调查出苗率、单株产量、单位面积产量和块茎多糖含量变化情况,分析不同规格、年龄种茎处理下2年生多花黄精产量和药用品质的差异。种茎规格、年龄与出苗率相关;种茎规格与单株产量、单位面积产量极显著相关,种茎年龄与单株产量、单位面积产量显著相关;种茎规格与多糖含量极显著相关,种茎年龄与多糖含量显著相关。推测种茎规格与年龄存在交互作用,高规格、低龄多花黄精种茎适宜作种,能显著提高多花黄精药材产量和药用品质。     

蝴蝶兰花期控制技术研究

研究了不同Ｎ、P、K水平和几种植物生长调节剂对蝴蝶兰开花的影响,结果表明：（1）Ｎ对叶片的形成有较大影响,含Ｎ高的植株叶片数较多;Ｐ在花芽分化中起主要作用,增施磷肥可促进花芽分化;Ｋ和Ｎ有利于花茎伸长,它们对花茎的生长有着重要影响。(2) 蝴蝶兰抽出花序形成花蕾后使用激素对植株喷雾和花芽分化前使用溶有激素的羊毛脂涂抹蝴蝶兰茎基部都能使蝴蝶兰提前开花。用100 mg/L和150～200mg/L GA3喷雾抽出花序形成花蕾后植株分别使蝴蝶兰提前开花11d和17d,用150～200mg/L GA3羊毛脂涂抹蝴蝶兰茎基部能使蝴蝶兰提前开花10～12d。（3）在使用GA3时加入等量的IBA或IAA可减少花畸形的发生。