我国植物病理学发展的方向问题

1 植物病理学的基本任务植物病理学担负着病理和防治两方面的任务。对人医或兽医来说,病理和临床往往是分工的,而植物病理并没有那样的分工,也就是说它必须兼顾病理和临床。另外一个特点便是植物种类繁多,而每一种植物又各有其自己特殊的多种病害。一个植物病理学家最多只能掌握几种主要农作物的重要病害及其防治要点。可是实际上,经常会遇到许多从未见过的新病     

塔里木大学维吾尔族大学生学习心理状态调查与分析

本文主要运用调查法对塔里木大学维吾尔族大学生学习心理状态进行调查与分析,结果表明:维吾尔族大学生学习心理状态整体较好,性别差异、年级差异显著;其学习心理受民族文化影响较大,具有求知欲强烈,学习兴趣浓厚,学习自我效能感高,学习动机复杂而强烈,学习交往行为半开放性的特点。     

PHYSIOLOGY OF THE AMINO ACIDS

We have followed the amino acids from their entrance into the alimentary tract in the form of food proteins through the successive steps of digestion, absorption into the blood stream and passage from the blood stream into the tissues, where they are concentrated by some unknown mechanism to many times their concentration in the blood plasma. We have seen something of the way in which certain of the amino acids can be transformed into one another in the body or synthesized from ammonia and keto acids. However, we have had to admit that our bodies can form in such ways only about half of the different amino acids that are required, and that the other half must be made for us by plants, bacteria or other organisms which have greater synthetic powers than we. And finally we have seen something of the manifold fates of the amino acids after they have entered our tissues; how they may be destroyed and their nitrogenous parts turned into urea in the liver before it is possible to put them to their more specialized uses, how their carbon fractions can be used to form glucose, how they may sacrifice themselves to protect us from toxic products, how they can serve as source material for certain vitamins, hormones and other compounds with physiological functions still to be identified, and how finally those amino acids which are not deflected to these various fates may enter into the proteins of the tissues and become for a time parts of our living structures.     

How we see ourselves and how we see others

People see themselves differently from how they see others. They are immersed in their own sensations, emotions, and cognitions at the same time that their experience of others is dominated by what can be observed externally. This basic asymmetry has broad consequences. It leads people to judge themselves and their own behavior differently from how they judge others and those others' behavior. Often, those differences produce disagreement and conflict. Understanding the psychological basis of those differences may help mitigate some of their negative effects.     

New advances in the science and use of Trichoderma spp.

Trichoderma spp. have been known for their strong abilities to produce extracellular enzymes, especially cellulases and glucanases by T. reesei, and also for their abilities to control plant pathogens. Most notably, a number of lines of evidence indicate that the agriculturally relevant strains are synergistic plant symbionts. As plant symbionts they possess the following characteristics: (a) they infect plant roots but cause the plant to restrict their growth to outer layers of the plant co…     

Ecological role of purple sea urchins

Sea urchins are major components of marine communities. Their grazing limits algal biomass, and they are preyed upon by many predators. Purple sea urchins (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) are among the best studied species. They live in environments that alternate between two stable states: luxuriant, species-rich kelp forests and sea urchin-dominated "barrens." The transition from one state to the other can be initiated by several factors, including the abundance of algal food, predators, storm intensities, and incidence of disease. Purple sea urchins compete with other grazers, some of which are important fishery resources (such as abalones and red sea urchins), and they are harvested for scientific research. Revelations from their genome will lead to a better understanding of how they maintain their ecological importance, and may in turn enhance their economic potential.     

土地征用中多方主体的角色分析

在土地征用中,地方政府起主导作用,村委会扮演对上负责、为民服务的双重角色,农民面对眼前的补偿及日后生活陷入矛盾境地。基于维护各自利益的立场,各方主体出现角色偏离的行为,需要各方都摆正角色。     

民族地区图书信息资源共享与版权保护法律问题分析

在我国西部民族地区,各类具有民族特色的文化信息资源十分丰富,这些信息的收藏和传阅过程中,经过图书馆人的悉心整理、加工、编篡,形成了具有自己鲜明特色的文化信息资源,这些信息资源具有一定的原创性和创新性,应当引起社会各界的重视,赋予相应的知识产权予以法律保护,使这些成果能够得到更好的保护和传承。     

基于心理契约看高校辅导员的职业倦怠

高校辅导员职业倦怠问题产生的根源在于他们与高校之间的心理契约受到了破坏，辅导员的付出与收入极不平衡，履行的义务和享受的权利极不对等，很多心理期望没有得到满足和实现。为此，要通过明确工作职责和期望、提高待遇维护心理平衡、保持沟通修复和调整心理契约、科学规划职业发展出路、注重自我反省和心理调适等措施来预防和消解辅导员的职业倦怠。     

自然灾害下的农业保障体系构建

自然灾害是人类经济生产所面对的巨大问题,特别是对农业生产,具有极大的破坏性。一般在自然灾害之后,当地农业的经济效益便会大幅降低,甚至为零。从事农业生产的农民便成为自然灾害的直接受害者,付出的劳动不但得不到收益,可能还要承担巨大的损失。这时便需要一个有力的保障体系在自然灾害来袭之后,减少农业生产者的损失,能使他们迅速地在自然灾害之后恢复生产能力,保障经济的顺利运行。     

Path integration in desert ants controls aggressiveness

Cataglyphis ants of the Sahara Desert are extremely aggressive toward members of other colonies if they are close to their nest entrance, but not once they have embarked on their wide foraging journeys. We show that the ants reach the same level of aggressiveness when they are far from their actual nesting site but their path integrator--their main navigational toolkit--tells them that they are close, indicating a role for the animal's path integrator beyond navigation.     

The triple burden: the impact of time poverty on women’s participation in coffee producer organizational governance in Mexico

In the mid-1990s, fairtrade-organic registration data showed that only 9 % of Oaxaca, Mexico’s organic coffee ‘farm operators’ were women; by 2013 the female farmer rate had increased to 42 %. Our research investigates the impact of this significant increase in women’s coffee association participation among 210 members of two coffee producer associations in Oaxaca, Mexico. We find that female coffee organization members report high levels of household decision-making power and they are more likely than their male counterparts to report control over their coffee income. These significant advances in women’s agency within the household are offset by the fact that the women experience significant time poverty as they engage in coffee production while bearing a disproportionate share of domestic labor obligations. The women coffee producers view organizational labor as a third burden on their time, after their reproductive and productive labor. The time poverty they experience limits their ability to fully participate in coffee organizational governance and consequently there are few women leaders at all levels of the coffee producer businesses. This is problematic because it limits women’s ability to fully benefit from organizational membership: when women fully participate in governance they gain valuable business and leadership skills and producer associations with active female members may also be more likely to develop and maintain programs and policies that enhance gender equity. Our findings indicate that targeted agricultural development programs to improve gender equity among agricultural smallholders should involve creative ways to ease women’s labor burdens and reduce their time poverty in order to facilitate full organizational participation. The research findings fill a gap in existing studies of agricultural global value chains (GVCs) by demonstrating how the certified coffee GVC depends on women’s under and un-paid labor not only within the household but also within producer organizations.     

试论九十年代女作家物质性写作

进入九十年代以来，女性写作比以往任何阶段都显得更加色彩纷呈。九十年代的女作家己经不再是一些脆弱的自恋主义者或痛苦的理想主义者，她们的作品也呈现出更为强烈的个人化色彩。在真实的社会生活面前，她们己日益学会在现实的物质关系中重新叩问性别的意义。     

英语专业本科笔译教学PBL模式研究

借鉴美国医学教育界首创的“基于问题的学习”教学模式,在英语专业本科笔译教学中尝试“译前思考问题一研读源语文本一产出目的语文本一译后反思问题”模式,激励和引导学生自主地运用已有知识和经验分析翻译过程中遇到的问题,创造性地解决问题,并能够科学合理地评价自己解决问题的结果．从而主动构建完成翻译任务所需要的知识和经验,达到教学大纲要求的“注重培养能够获取知识的能力、独立思考的能力和创新的能力”的目的;     

农民工性亚文化研究——基于珠三角的实地调研分析

基于对珠三角地区东莞、珠海、惠州3市农民工的问卷调查,分析了农民工性文化的独特特征:他们已脱离了传统生殖功能观,将性与爱联系在一起;对性行为的结果有担忧,但对性病的担忧较少,且呈现年龄差异;他们在日常中对性语言的使用较为宽容,但对性越轨行为的宽容局限于婚姻;他们不排斥商业性行为,其性规范体现出了较为宽松特点,且具有群体传染性,通过群体压力稳固化。这要求全社会加强对农民工的关爱,营造一个宽松的性交流氛围。     

金融危机下中小民营企业面临的挑战与机遇研究

美国次贷危机引发的全球金融危机对我国中小民营企业既是一种挑战,更是一种机遇。在金融资本难以获取的情况下,我国中小民营企业的资金流转、自主创新等受到严重影响。在科学发展观的指导下,中小民营企业要树立起战胜危机的勇气和决心,提高企业的自主创新能力,有效运用人力资本来创新技术和产品等。在危机中蓄势调整,促进企业更好的发展。     

Getting to better water quality outcomes: the promise and challenge of the citizen effect

Agriculture is a major cause of non-point source water pollution in the Midwest. Excessive nitrate, phosphorous, and sediment levels degrade the Mississippi River and Gulf of Mexico. In this research we ask, to what extent can citizen involvement help solve the problem of non-point source pollution. Does connecting farmers to farmers and to other community members make a difference in moving beyond the status quo? To answer these questions we examine the satisfaction level of Iowa farmers and landowners with their current conservation measures as a proxy for willingness to change. A survey of 360 conservation minded farmers obtained from a random sample of 75 HUC (Hydrologic Unit Code) 12 Iowa watersheds reveals that 27% of the variance among farmers’ perception of adequacy of their conservation practices is explained by a combination of beliefs about the seriousness of water pollution, personal, civic, and expert connections. The more farmers talk with other farmers the more likely they are satisfied with their conservation efforts. However, the more frequently farmers talk to friends and neighbors that don’t farm, the more likely they are to not be satisfied with their conservation efforts. Further, the more social organizations farmers belong to—e.g., more non-farmers they interact with in a group setting—the more likely they are to be dissatisfied with their level of effort being adequate to protect local water bodies. These findings suggest the personal and civic connections among farmers and communities are important in explaining perceptions of how adequate conservation measures are. These perceptions have implications for farmers’ willingness to go beyond current actions and more actively engage in solving local watershed problems and explain why they may not currently be engaged in additional actions.     

Association of illness with prior ingestion of novel foods

Rats were permitted to ingest a novel food and a familiar food. One hour later they were x-irradiated. When they were subsequently allowed to choose between these foods, their preference for the novel food was less than that exhibited by appropriate controls.     

《罗马热病》中针织的象征意义

《罗马热病》是美国女作家伊迪丝.华顿夫人著名的短篇故事之一。两位女性主人公年轻时双双背叛了友谊;二十五年后故地重逢揭开了隐瞒多年的秘密,她们发现自以为完美的爱情或者婚姻却如此不堪一击。针织是贯穿始终的主要人物活动线索,针织与丝线的象征意义为人物形象的塑造和故事情节的发展起到了关键作用。     

Enols and other reactive species

Rapid advances in the chemistry of enols and other reactive species have been made possible recently by the development of methods for generating these short-lived substances in solution under conditions where they can be observed directly and their reactions can be monitored accurately. New laboratory techniques are described and a sample of the new chemistry they have made available is provided; special attention is given to ynols and ynamines and the remarkable effects that the carbon-carbon triple bonds of these substances have on their acid-base properties.