遮荫对红松、红皮云杉苗木生长的影响

研究不同年龄红松，红皮云杉在全日照、70％、40％、30％及10％光照条件下的生长情况，结果表明，红松、红皮云杉苗木均在相对照度70％的条件下，树高生长量最大。全日照不利于苗木高生长。地径生长随着光照强度的增大而增大。相对照度70％条件下，红松、红皮云杉（小）平均单株生物量最高。红皮云杉（大）在全日照下平均株生物量最高。随着苗龄的增长对光的需要量增大。     

欧洲云杉苗期生长指标研究

以引进的欧洲云杉和乡土种青海云杉、粗枝云杉种子5年生苗的苗高、地径、当年新梢生长量、分枝数、总芽数及二次抽梢等6个生长指标,进行了差异显著性分析,结果表明,欧洲云杉较乡土种在苗期即具有显著的生长优势,在适生区选择欧洲云杉育苗,即可解决云杉育苗周期长的问题。     

云杉苗木喷施叶面宝生长效应的试验研究

对２年生长云杉移床苗喷施叶面宝，多菌灵混合液后，其苗高，地径，当年高生长，主根长一级侧根数分别比常规施肥（尿素、过磷酸钙）提高１３．２ｃｍ，０．１８ｃｍ，７．１ｃｍ，１．１ｃｍ和３条，茎根比持平，使苗木出圃由６年改为５年，培育时间缩短１年，各项质量均达到或超过部颁标准，且节约了成本。     

云杉苗木喷施叶面宝生长效应的试验研究

对２年生云杉移床苗喷施叶面宝、多菌灵混合液后，其苗高、地径、当年高生长、主根长和一级侧根数分别比常规施肥（尿素、过磷酸钙）提高１３．２ｃｍ、０．１８ｃｍ、７；１ｃｍ、１．１ｃｍ和３条，茎根比持平，使苗木出圃由６年改为５年，培育时间缩短１年，各项质量均达到或超过部颁标准，且节约了成本。     

光照条件对绿化树种青海云杉引种的影响

在黑龙江省东南部地区对青海云杉进行不同光照条件引种试验,为青海云杉在黑龙江省作为园林绿化树种引进提供理论基础。试验结果,青海云杉幼苗生长趋于弱光条件,但同时适当的光照可以促进幼树的生长;同一种源的不同个体表现出一定的生长差异,林缘处青海云杉的各项生长指标分布较为平均,变异程度较低。     

苗木排列方向对苗圃光照分布影响的探讨

本文是根据苗木冠部的几何结构和理论公式计算了北京地区夏半年（从春分至秋分）不同苗木行向以及不同叶面积指数下的日照时间，透光率和光分布。结果表明：1）光分布显著地受苗木行向的影响，苗木是东西行向时，比南北行向的光照时间长，最多可达7个多小时，透光率可达7．8％，2）苗木密度对透射条件的影响也很显著，当叶面积指数Fm=5时，透光量趋于稳定，且有利于苗木生长，上述理论分析的结果与田间所观测到的实际状况是一致的。     

侧柏苗生长与光照关系试验

1989年在山东省林校实验苗圃进行了1年生侧柏苗的生长与光照关系的试验.作两种不同透光度的处理,4次重复,全光照为对照区.土壤及其他管理措施相同。编号,Ⅰ是全光,Ⅱ是轻度遮荫,Ⅲ是重     

红皮云杉播种苗生长与土壤水分的关系

土壤水分条件对红皮云杉种子的发芽、成活与生长影响很大,确定其种苗耐旱和耐湿的临界值,对提高红皮云杉种子的发芽率及苗木生长具有重要意义。本试验采用模拟试验方法,对土壤水分与红皮云杉种子发芽率及苗木生长的关系进行了研究。１　试验方法将木制盆（盆口５０ｃｍ×３０ｃｍ,盆高２０ｃｍ）的盆底用厚塑料薄膜密封后,把相对含水率分别为１９％、２４％、３１％、３６％、４２％、５１％的试验用土（典型暗棕壤）分别装在盆中,共计６个组合,每个组合设５个重复。５月初,在每盆内播入３０粒经过处理的３级红皮云杉种子。播种后将…     

红皮云杉群体后代苗木形态和生长特征多样性的研究

利用表型性各体的遗传多样性具有简便，快速的优点，可以在野外或采集的标本直接进行研究，由于表型性对是环境与基因型共同作用的结果，因此，对表型性状的研究可以在一定程度上揭示遗传多样性的大小，同时也有助于了妥种适应和进化的方式，遗传变异是非常复杂的，只有了解其大小和类型，才能很好地驾利用，甚至控制某些性状，种内变异主要包括群体间（地理种源）、产地内立地、立地内林分、林分内单株以及株内变异，通常群体间和群体内个体间的变异占树种内部变异的大部分，群体内的遗传变异是天然林变异的主要类型，两株同龄、靠近生长，并且根系缠结的树木，在干型、材质、抗病虫、甚至生长模式上都有差异，因此，开展红皮云杉群体后代苗木形态和生长特征多样性的研究可为该树种今后的种源试验奠定基础。     

土壤水分及起苗保水措施对青海云杉苗木成活率影响

祁连山是我国西部重要生态安全屏障,为有效推进祁连山生态治理建设步伐,发挥乡土树种青海云杉苗木在生态治理中的优势,有效提高苗木成活率,针对青海云杉苗木在起苗中存在的操作不规范、保水措施不当等因素致使造林成活率下降的弊端,依托祁连山东段废弃渣台综合修复集成技术研究科研项目实施,在实践中开展了苗木生长地块土壤补水、起苗中不同保水措施进行生态治理恢复云杉苗木成活率的试验研究。结果表明：对青海云杉苗木生长地块土壤补水,可使苗木鲜重含水率和相对含水率分别提高18.2%、36.18%;通过在起苗中采取不同保水措施试验,使云杉苗木成活率最高可达到93.5%。     

补光对几种针叶树幼苗生长影响试验研究

通过对17种针叶树种补光效果的试验研究,结果表明:补光对不同针叶树种的出苗率、保存率、苗木生长均有影响.试验为针叶树种苗木的科学培育提供了依据.     

挪威云杉种源及家系苗期生长适应性的聚类分析

通过对引进的挪威云杉种源和窄冠垂枝型挪威云杉家系进行不同地点苗期试验,选取生长期、当年高和存活率等3个指标进行苗期生长适应性评价,研究结果表明,部分窄冠垂枝型挪威云杉家系具有良好的生长适应性,大部分存活率相对比较低,挪威云杉种源苗期生长普遍不能适应。     

Estimated bud development period in Picea abies

The bud development period was estimated using shoot growth data from a Phytotron study in which six full‐sib families of Picea abies L. (Karst.) (Norway spruce) were grown for six growth periods. Simple algebraic relationships based on assumptions of the relationship between shoot growth and bud development were used. The estimated bud development period, defined as the period when the budscale and needle primordia were initiated, decreased as growth periods advanced. Furthermore, the relationship between the period of production of free growth needles and bud scales to that of predetermined needle primordia was surprisingly constant irrespective of the change in free growth. These results indicate that free growth during one year did not encroach on the period of predetermined growth, but instead increased the amount of predetermined growth.     

欧洲云杉引种试验研究

为确定鄂西地区欧洲云杉的适生区域,进行欧洲云杉德国种源引种栽培试验,试验结果表现良好,25 a生林分树高13.2 m,平均胸径19.8 cm,材积0.206 2 m3,材积比人工林杉木、巴山松、油松提高38.7%~46.9%。海拔区域试验表明6 a生欧洲云杉林分树高生长量在海拔1 060~1 916 m差异不显著,适宜鄂西山区海拔1 500~1 900 m,年降水量1 000mm以上的区域营造工业原料林或种子园。     

Growth and stem form changes in Picea abies as affected by stand nutrition

The changes in basal area, volume and tree shape in an ‘optimum fertility trial’ in Norway Spruce were studied after the treatments had been applied for 15 years. There was a marked response to N and a lesser response to P. Increased average tree taper was associated with the N application. Form factors tended to show less change, but, even allowing for tree height responses, there was up to a 10% reduction. Phosphate fertilizer in the presence of N increased form factor slightly; applying a ‘complete’ fertilizer reduced form factor and increased taper while the trees were under about 6 m tall. The use of individual treatment regressions of volume on basal area resulted in increased precision in estimating the volume of individual treatment means.     

Effects of early long-night treatment on diameter and height growth,second flush and frost tolerance in two-year-old Picea abies container seedlings

Abstract

The object of this study was to obtain Norway spruce seedlings with buds set, ready for summer planting from 1 July. An early long-night treatment prevented flushing of the newly formed terminal buds and ceased height growth, but slightly reduced hardiness in buds and needles. Nevertheless, a sufficient hardiness level in the autumn was acquired at a Norwegian nursery at 59°46′ N, with plants of the local provenance given a long-night treatment (14 h) for 13 days from 25 June. Similar treatment at a nursery at 64°30′ N did not give the same result; all treatments led to a second flush with resumed growth of the local provenance. A trial with seed lots from several provenances was therefore performed at this nursery, and a significant correlation was found between the critical night length of the seed lot and their ability to produce non-flushing buds; the longer the critical night length of the seed lot, the fewer non-flushing buds. Responses at the northern nursery are probably due to the lack of a dark period after termination of the treatment, and too short a treatment period to attain bud dormancy. An early and successful long-night treatment will also produce shorter seedlings with a larger root collar diameter.     

A test of the accuracy of two individual tree growth functions for Picea abies

The accuracy of two distant‐independent diameter growth functions for individual trees of Picea abies L. (Karst.) are tested on plots older than 55 years b.h., and with relatively few trees per hectare. Both functions (I1 and I2) have site index, stand basal area, and individual tree basal area as explanatory variables; in addition age at breast height is used in Function I1. Relative to mean measured increment, Functions I1 and I2 underestimate the growth of the test plots by 4.4% and 10.9% respectively; Function I1 shows a root mean squared deviation of 29.2% for single plot predictions, and 5.4% for mean of all plots. Function II predicts the growth as well as some stand functions frequently in use in Norway. Function I2 is unacceptable because age is not an independent variable.     

北亚热带高山区欧洲云杉不同栽植密度比较试验研究

为探讨不同栽植密度对欧洲云杉林生长量的影响,在国有大老岭林场对4～10年（苗龄3年）生欧洲云杉林,在6种密度下的生长状况进行了调查研究,结果表明：虽然不同密度间欧洲云杉林生长优势还未出现显著差异,但从各生长量指标来看,密度1（1 m×1 m）下欧洲云杉生长优势最明显;10年生林木树高、地径、抽梢、冠幅年生长量分别增长了近15.7％,25.1％,35.3％和26.8％。     

Environmental influences on juvenile shoot growth in Picea abies

Under certain environmental conditions, juvenile shoot growth characters might give early indications of adaptability and growth potential. Therefore, the reaction patterns of predetermined and free shoot growth were studied on Picea abies (L.) Karst, plants, which at different times during the growth period were treated by (1) application of nutrients, (2) defoliation, and (3) short days. Fertilization caused an increase in both predetermined and free growth, while defoliation and short day treatment caused a decrease in both forms of shoot growth and short days did not allow any free growth to occur. In the growth period following the treatments, fertilization caused more predetermined and less free growth to occur, while defoliation caused less predetermined and more free growth. Predetermined growth is explainable by the finite number of predetermined needle primordia. Free growth is initiated thereafter. It is influenced strongly by the environmental conditions and seems not to be influenced by the amount of preceding predetermined growth. Free growth enables young plants to utilize favourable growth conditions in summer for height growth precociously, which might increase their adaptability and competitive value. However, predetermined growth is the preferable mode of shoot growth because favourable conditions in successive growth periods induce more predetermined than free growth. Predetermined and free growth are well integrated forms of shoot growth giving no supporting evidence to the hypothesis that free and predetermined growth are inherited independently of each other. Rank changes in provenance development are probably not explainable by a loss in height growth when free growth occurs no more due to age, but by other causes.