高温热处理对木材吸湿性和尺寸稳定性的影响

在4个不同温度和时间水平下,对人工林杉木木材进行高温热处理,研究了处理温度和时间对木材吸湿性和尺寸稳定性的影响规律。结果表明:高温热处理可以显著降低木材平衡含水率、吸水率和体积膨胀率,提高尺寸稳定性;随着处理温度的增加和处理时间的延长,杉木平衡含水率、吸水率和体积膨胀率降低;与处理时间相比,处理温度对平衡含水率、吸水率和体积膨胀率的影响程度更大。在本研究范围,与对照材相比,通过高温热处理可以使杉木平衡含水率降低17.73%~66.74%,吸水率降低33.99%~64.00%,体积膨胀率减少36.7%~69.30%。     

高温热处理对UF树脂改性杉木力学强度的影响

本研究以脲醛(UF)树脂改性杉木为研究对象,采用高温过热蒸汽对其进行热处理,系统研究了热处理温度和时间对UF树脂改性杉木力学强度的影响规律。结果表明:与杉木对照材相比,UF树脂改性杉木力学强度显著提高;高温热处理使杉木浸渍材的力学强度降低;随着温度升高和时间延长,杉木浸渍材的抗弯弹性模量和强度、顺纹抗压强度和横纹抗压比例极限应力均呈明显下降趋势;经热处理后,UF改性杉木抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、顺纹抗压强度最大分别可降低11.4%、65.1%和17.3%,横纹全部弦向和径向抗压比例极限应力最大分别可降低60.9%和59.6%,横纹局部弦向和径向抗压比例极限应力最大分别可降低36.5%和56.5%。     

沙浴热处理杉木及其物理力学性能研究

以杉木为材料,通过沙浴和气相介质进行热处理,检测其炭化木材物理、力学性能和颜色等,借助XRD和FTIR分析不同热处理方法致木材性能差异的原因,以期探索沙浴炭化木材的可能性。结果表明:当热处理温度和时间相同时,沙浴热处理试件尺寸稳定性高于气相介质热处理;处理温度为220℃,时间4 h时,两种介质处理试件的尺寸稳定性均达到了最好状态,其中气相介质热处理杉木弦向线湿胀率最小为1.885%,比未处理材降低35.45%,沙浴热改性处理杉木弦向线湿胀率最小为1.923%,比未处理材降低36.16%。沙浴热改性处理杉木木材强度折损较气相介质热改性处理材更多。热处理温度和时间相同时,气相介质处理材颜色变化小于沙浴热改性处理材。热改性处理导致杉木材结晶特性和三素成分发生变化,其中沙浴热处理导致杉木材中半纤维素发生明显降解。     

微炭化工艺对橡胶木和杉木性能的影响

对橡胶木和杉木进行微炭化处理,研究微炭化工艺（炭化温度为130、140、150、160℃,保温时长为5、7、9 h）的可行性,并与未处理材和高温热改性材（温度为180℃,保温为2 h）对比,以试件的失重率、尺寸稳定性和颜色作为表征指标。结果表明：随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,两种木材的失重率和尺寸稳定性逐渐提高,颜色变深。当温度为160℃,保温为9 h时,两种木材的失重率与高温热处理材相当,但杉木的各项评价指标明显更优。     

热处理和蒸汽处理对压缩杉木性能的影响北大核心

以压缩杉木为研究对象,采用热处理和蒸汽处理两种方法,在不同温度条件下(160、180℃和200℃)对其进行压缩变形固定处理,分析不同处理工艺条件对压缩杉木回复率、残余应力和力学性能的影响,并探究压缩杉木变形固定机理。结果表明:热处理和蒸汽处理都可以降低压缩杉木的回复率和残余应力。随着处理温度的升高、处理时间的延长,压缩杉木的水煮回复率和吸湿回复率均减小。与热处理相比,各温度条件下蒸汽处理的压缩杉木水煮回复率和吸湿回复率均较小。随着处理温度的升高和处理时间的延长,热处理和蒸汽处理均可减少残余应力。在相同处理温度和处理时间条件下,蒸汽处理对压缩杉木的残余应力有更好的消除效果。热处理和蒸汽处理对压缩杉木力学性能都有一定的削弱作用,特别当处理温度达到200℃时,力学性能下降幅度较大。热处理和蒸汽处理改变了压缩杉木中C元素和O元素含量,O/C值分别降低了5.88%和7.84%;不改变压缩杉木纤维素结晶区的晶胞构造,但相对结晶度分别减小了5%和3%。综合考量,对压缩杉木采用蒸汽处理(180℃)进行变形固定是较好的选择。     

高温热处理对UF树脂改性杉木吸湿性和耐湿尺寸稳定性的影响

以脲醛(UF)树脂改性杉木为研究对象,采用高温过热蒸汽对其进行热处理,系统研究了热处理温度和时间对UF树脂改性杉木吸湿性和耐湿尺寸稳定性的影响规律。结果表明:与杉木对照材相比,UF树脂改性杉木吸湿性降低,耐湿尺寸稳定性提高;高温热处理能降低UF树脂改性杉木的吸湿性,提高其耐湿尺寸稳定性;与热处理时间相比,高温热处理温度对UF树脂改性杉木的吸湿性和耐湿尺寸稳定性的影响更大,随着热处理温度的升高,UF树脂改性杉木的平衡含水率、弦向湿胀率、径向湿胀率和体积湿胀率均呈先下降后升高的趋势;与杉木对照材相比,热处理UF树脂改性杉木的平衡含水率、弦向、径向湿胀率和体积湿胀率最大分别降低了39.00%、62.02%、69.89%、59.99%;与未经热处理的UF树脂改性杉木相比,热处理UF树脂改性杉木的平衡含水率、弦向、径向湿胀率和体积湿胀率最大分别降低了28.71%、53.42%、65.85%、54.32%。     

饱和蒸汽热处理工艺对毛竹材理化性能及防霉性能的影响北大核心

采用热处理温度为140、160、180℃,热处理时间为20、25、30 min的饱和蒸汽热对毛竹材进行高温改性处理,分析了不同热处理工艺对毛竹材化学成分、结晶度和力学性能的影响,对比了不同热处理工艺条件下毛竹材的防霉效果。结果表明:1)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材中化学成分变化不大。当热处理温度在160℃以上时,竹材中半纤维素和纤维素的含量随热处理时间增加而减少,木质素相对含量呈上升趋势;2)热处理温度和时间都对竹材样品的结晶度有积极的影响;3)热处理温度在140℃时,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度均比未处理时增加。随着热处理温度的升高和时间的延长,竹材的弹性模量和静曲强度下降,力学性能呈下降趋势。在180℃处理30 min后,处理材的弹性模量和静曲强度较未处理材降低23.15%和19.00%;4)饱和蒸汽热处理竹材的防霉能力与未处理材相比均有提高;热处理温度对竹材的防霉性能的影响大于热处理时间;经180℃处理30 min的竹材其霉变速度最慢,防霉效果最好。     

不同含水率阶段木材高温热处理工艺与性能的研究北大核心

以樟子松为原料,采用正交试验法,研究了不同木材含水率(10%、20%、30%)、高温热处理温度(180、200、220℃)、处理时间(2、3、4 h)三个因素对樟子松处理前后弦向干缩性和湿胀性、吸水性、密度的影响,以及樟子松高温热处理时,被处理材含水率、处理温度与处理时间的优化组合。结果表明:较高初始含水率、较高热处理温度和较长高温处理时间可改善木材的干缩性和湿胀性,使木材尺寸稳定性更好;在较剧烈的热处理条件下,初始含水率的大小不会影响热处理材密度降低的趋势;热处理温度、时间和含水率对吸水性的影响不呈线性关系。     

木材炭化机理的研究——炭化方法和炭化条件对杉木间伐材炭化物物性的影响

采用一步炭化法与二步炭化法,加盖炭化法与未(不)加盖炭化法对杉木间伐材木屑在不同炭化条件下进行热解研究,同时结合元素分析方法,探讨了杉木间伐材木屑炭化的固体产物得率及其基本性质的变化规律.研究结果表明炭化温度在400～600℃之间,炭化物得率下降十分明显,此后相对趋于恒定;加盖炭化法的得率高于未加盖法;升温速率对炭化物得率有较大影响.无论是一步炭化法还是二步法,炭化氛围气为空气时的炭化物固定碳含量及炭化物的还原性较氮气高.无论氛围气体是空气还是氮气,炭化物的还原性均随着炭化温度升高而升高.     

真空热处理对家具用奥克榄木材物理力学性能的影响

热处理是提高木材尺寸稳定性的有效方法之一,目前热处理主要针对室外等较恶劣的用材环境,采用高温(200℃)处理。针对家具材装饰性要求高、使用环境变化较温和等特点,以家具常用材奥克榄木材为实验材料,研究真空(≤0.06 MPa)条件处理后奥克榄木材物理力学性能的变化,以确定适用于家具用材的真空低温热处理工艺。将奥克榄木材以0.06 MPa、不同温度(120,140,160,180,200℃)处理5 h,测定不同处理温度下木材的全干密度、湿胀率、干缩率、色差、抗弯弹性模量、抗弯强度、冲击韧性及硬度变化,并比较低温(120,140,160℃)和常规温度(180,200℃)处理及未处理奥克榄木材的物理力学性能。结果表明:物理性质方面,随温度升高,奥克榄材色加深,处理后奥克榄与未处理材相比,色差值ΔE为6.1～25.9;全干密度随处理温度呈波动状态变化,在200℃处理时达最低值,较未处理材下降30.9%;干缩率、湿胀率均明显下降,但在120℃升高至140℃、160℃升高至180℃时变化幅度较小。力学性能方面,随炭化温度升高,抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量先增大后减小;冲击韧性降低,140℃之后变化幅度趋缓,200℃时降幅最大为52.42%;不同温度热处理后的端面硬度较未处理材均有所上升,径、弦变化不明显。与常规热处理和未处理处理材相比,真空低温热处理可改善木材的尺寸稳定性,降低炭化对于木材材色变化的影响,且不明显降低木材的力学性能。     

THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DIFFERENT SPECIES WOOD COLOUR

Woodisnaturalmaterial,naturegivewoodsurfacecolor,g]oss,grain,qualitysenseetc-,whichconsititutedwoodaesthet-icfeeling.Forthisreson,peoplealwaysusedwide]ywoodtomakefurnitureanddecorating,andstlldiedonthequntitativetestingofwoodsurfacevisualphysicalmagnitude.tl-8jTreeswereprocessedoperationbyaseriesofworkingprocesstoformthewoodsurfacewhichwesawandtouchedonfur-nitureanddecorating.Inthesekindsofworkingprocess,whetherthevisualphysi-calmagnitudeofwoodsurfacehadvaria-tionsorthisvariationschangedwoodna…     

Poplar wood heat treatment: effect of air ventilation rate and initial moisture content on reaction kinetics,physical and mechanical properties

The kinetics of heat treatment as well as its effect on some physical and mechanical properties of poplar wood (Populus alba L.) were analysed in this research. Kinetic tests were performed at different treatment temperatures and two different air ventilation settings [low and high air exchange rate (AER) with the exterior]. The treatment kinetics was studied, starting from the oven-dry condition, according to the mass loss during time. The time–temperature equivalency was checked, the mass loss versus time formalised through a master curve. The analysis clearly showed how the heat treatment at low and high AER presents different degradation kinetics even if similar activation energy values were found. Some physical and mechanical properties of wood after treatments up to a mass loss of 7 and 10 % starting from oven-dry or standard environmental conditions state were also studied. All of the treated samples showed statistically significant differences compared to the untreated one. The treatments performed at 7 or 10 % of dry mass loss showed homogeneous behaviour. The same tendency was observed for the treatments starting at oven-dry or standard environmental conditions with the exception of Young’s modulus, which resulted in smaller reductions in wet starting condition when compared to dry samples.     

油棕废弃物热解半焦的表面物化结构分析

利用管式炉对油棕废弃物在不同热解终温下进行热解制备半焦焦样,采用同步热分析仪(TG-DTG)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)对半焦的燃烧性能、表面化学结构及微晶结构进行表征。结果表明:随着升温速率的升高,半焦内部出现燃烧滞后现象,着火温度和燃尽温度升高;随着热解终温的升高,着火变得困难,综合燃烧特性减弱,不利于半焦的燃烧。002峰强度增大,表明半焦的微晶结构有序化程度增高,微晶尺寸La和堆积高度Lc出现先下降后升高的现象,对微晶单元的内部结构和结合缩聚的影响明显;半焦的002峰和100峰的衍射角分别出现在28°和40.5°附近,微晶结构随着热解终温升高向石墨化转变,且石墨化程度增加。     

圆盘豆木材力学强度对高温热处理条件变化的响应

以过热蒸汽为传热介质和保护性气体,在热处理温度为160℃、180℃、200℃、220℃,热处理时间为2h、4h、6h、8h的条件下对圆盘豆木材进行高温热处理,研究圆盘豆木材在不同热处理条件下的力学性能变化规律。结果表明,随着热处理温度升高和热处理时间延长,圆盘豆热处理材抗弯强度降低;弹性模量在160℃时最高,然后降低;硬度的变化趋势不明显。红外光谱分析表明,热处理使木材中的半纤维素、纤维素、木素发生降解反应,导致木材力学强度降低。     

聚乙二醇和高温热处理复合改性对杨木吸水性的影响

木材易吸水、尺寸稳定性差等缺陷严重限制了其应用,通过聚乙二醇浸渍、热处理改性可以改善这些不足。通过采用3种不同分子量的聚乙二醇(PEG1000、PEG2000、PEG4000)对杨木进行预处理,然后在不同温度条件下(120℃、140℃、160℃、180℃、200℃)进行热处理,研究不同条件复合处理对杨木试材吸水性的影响。试验表明,热处理可以改善试件初期的吸水性能,PEG浸渍处理则能抑制试件长期吸水,通过复合改性处理可以达到同时控制试件短期和长期水分吸收的目的。     

Impacts of freezing and thermal treatments on dimensional and mechanical properties of wood flour-HDPE composite

Wood plastic composite (WPC) of wood flour (WF), high density polyethylene (HDPE), maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene (MAPE) and lubricant was prepared by extrusion, and then exposed to different temperatures to evaluate the effects of freezing and thermal treatment on its dimensional and mechanical properties. At elevated temperatures, WPC expanded rapidly initially, and then contracted slowly until reaching an equilibrium state. Treatment at 52°C and relative humidity of 50% for 16 days improved the mechanical properties of WPC: flexure, tensile strength, and izod unnotched impact strength increased by 8%, 10% and 15%, respectively. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests showed that the degree of crystalization of HDPE in WPC declined with increasing treatment temperature.     

Nondestructive evaluation of heat-treated Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden wood using stress wave method

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effect of heat treatment of eucalypt wood (Eucalyptus grandis Hill ex Maiden) on the dynamic modulus of elasticity by using the stress wave nondestructive method and also to determine the air-dry density variation, weight loss and equilibrium moisture content following treatment. Heat treatments were performed at four different temperatures (180, 200, 215 and 230°C) and for three different durations (15?min, 2 and 4?h). The results revealed a significant reduction in air-dry density following heat treatment independent of temperature and time. A significant weight loss was observed between and within treatments. The treatment at 230°C for 2 and 4?h produced a weight loss of 20.5 and 26.5%, respectively, which was statistically different from other treatment conditions. The dynamic modulus of elasticity decreased by about 13% in the most severe treatment (230°C for 4?h). Depending on the temperature and time, the equilibrium moisture content was significantly reduced within the range of 40–74%.     

硅铝凝胶改性防腐剂对竹材表面颜色的影响

为考察硅铝无机防腐处理对竹材表面颜色的影响,以毛竹为材料,采用不同热处理溶液浓度(0、25%、50%、100%)、处理温度(140、160、180℃)和处理时间(1、2h)分别对其进行处理。依照标准色度系统指定表征防腐处理前后竹材表面颜色,通过颜色总色差、明度、红绿色指数、蓝黄色指数的变化,探讨防腐处理工艺参数对竹材表面颜色的影响。通过傅里叶红外光谱和X衍射光谱分析防腐液与竹材结合方式,并使用场发射扫描电子显微镜观察对比处理前后防腐液在竹细胞腔内的分布情况。结果表明,防腐液浓度对竹材色差变化影响较大,随着浓度的增大,竹材色差也随之增大。热处理工艺的处理温度与处理时间对竹材表面颜色的影响也符合传统木材热处理色差变化规律。微观检测发现,防腐剂不仅与纤维有化学键结合,也通过物理吸附以分子团聚形式附着填充在细胞腔内部。     

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological, mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.     

Influence of treatment temperature and duration on selected biological,mechanical, physical and optical properties of thermally modified timber

Abstract

The impact of heat-treatment temperature (180, 200, 210, 220 and 240°C) and various heat-treatment durations on selected biological, mechanical, optical and physical properties of thermally modified timber (TMT) was determined. The suitability of different measures for prediction of the treatment intensity was also investigated. Resistance to impact milling (RIM), lightness L*, equilibrium moisture content (EMC), and antiswelling efficiency (ASE) were correlated with corresponding fungal resistance achieved by heat treatments. The results show that the decrease in mass by heat treatments is a suitable measurand to describe the treatment intensity, which is a product of treatment temperature and duration, where the impact of temperature is dominant over the impact of time. The properties examined showed a strong reciprocally proportional relationship with the decrease in mass. Different correlations were found for the various treatment temperatures: the higher the temperature applied, the lower the decrease in mass required for an equivalent improvement in certain wood properties, e.g. biological durability, EMC and dimensional stability. However, mass loss by Poria placenta correlated well with RIM, lightness L*, EMC and ASE of the different heat-treated specimens, depending on the heat-treatment temperature. Consequently, a reliable estimation of improved fungal resistance of TMT, as well as quality control of TMT in general, requires certain process information.