赤羽病病毒检测方法研究进展

赤羽病是目前对养牛业和养羊业危害较为严重的疫病,在我国已广泛存在,一旦暴发将会给我国畜牧业造成严重的经济损失。迅速、准确的诊断是防制和消灭该病的重要前提。几十年来,赤羽病诊断技术经历了早期的病毒分离鉴定到血清学试验,再到分子生物学检测这一发展过程,正逐渐向着更敏感、更特异、更方便、更经济的方向发展。本文就赤羽病病毒的实验室检测技术研究进展作一综述。     

赤羽病研究概况

赤羽病是由赤羽病病毒引起的一种虫媒传染病,该病在热带和温带的许多国家和我国大部分地区广泛流行,给世界畜牧业造成了巨大的经济损失。赤羽病毒属于布尼病毒科布尼病毒属辛波血清群,主要通过吸血昆虫(如蚊和库蠓)叮咬易感反刍动物进行传播,怀孕绵羊、山羊和牛最易感,临床上以流产、早产、死胎和先天性畸形为特征。论文对赤羽病病原学、流行病学、发病机制与病理变化、诊断及防控措施等方面的进展进行综述,以期为预防控制赤羽病的发生和流行提供参考。     

牛羊赤羽病

赤羽病是由吸血昆虫进行传播的一种虫媒性病毒病 ,常导致牛羊繁殖障碍及新生胎儿发生关节弯曲和积水性无脑症 ,因而对牛羊危害较大。该病毒于 1 959年在日本群马县赤羽村首次被分离到。我国 1 998年首次分离并鉴定了该病毒 ,目前已证实我国至少有 1 3个省市地区有本病的流行。本文从病原、流行病学、致病机理、诊断与防治等方面对该病进行了综述 ,以期为该病的防制和研究提供可参考资料。     

赤羽病诊断技术研究进展

赤羽病是由赤羽病病毒感染牛羊引起的一种以流产、早产、产死胎、胎儿先天性畸形为典型病理特征的虫媒传染病,蚊虫和库蠓是其主要传播媒介,其中牛赤羽病被我国列为三类动物疫病。对赤羽病进行及时和准确的诊断是控制赤羽病传播和流行的关键。赤羽病诊断技术可分为临床诊断以及依据实验室检测技术的病原学诊断和血清学诊断。通过对赤羽病诊断技术研究进展进行综述,以期为建立赤羽病速诊断方法和制定诊断技术标准奠定基础。     

赤羽病研究进展

赤羽病是由阿卡斑病毒引起的一种牛羊繁殖障碍和新生幼畜畸形传染病。该病在非洲大陆、中东、东南亚、亚洲和南美洲等温带和热带地区的许多国家流行,在我国部分区域流行。阿卡斑病毒通过蚊、蠓等媒介昆虫进入宿主体内,引发母畜出现流产、早产、死胎、畸形胎等现象,给牛羊养殖业造成较大的经济损失。为全面了解赤羽病,该文通过病毒特征、流行病学、致病机理、诊断方法和防控等方面展开论述,旨在为我国有效防控该病提供参考。     

赤羽病研究进展

赤羽病是由阿卡班病毒引起牛、羊等动物流产、死产、死胎、胎儿畸形、以及先天性关节弯曲-积水性无脑综合征的一种虫媒传染病.20世纪30年代该病在澳大利亚羊群中首次暴发.近年来,我国许多省也流行本病,给畜牧业带来巨大损失.文章对该病的病原、流行病学、发病机理、抗原、诊断进行综述,为有效防控赤羽病提供参考.     

琼护法测定动物赤羽病病毒抗体

赤羽病又名阿卡班病(Akabane disease),是由Akabane病毒引起牛、羊的一种严重传染病。最早报导是在1959年日本群马县赤羽村牛、羊发生地方性流行,并首次从伊蚊和库蚊体内分离到病毒,之后在澳大利亚、以色列、肯尼亚、阿扎尼亚等国家也相继分离到病毒,近年来该病在热带和温带的广大地区发生流行。由于本病对养牛、养羊业危害大,仅依靠临床症状无助于诊断,目前世界各国的许多学者对本病的研究作了大量的工作,建立了许多血清学方法,如细胞中和试验、琼扩试验、红细胞凝集和红细胞凝集抑制试验。     

赤羽病毒的分子病原学及致病机理研究进展

赤羽病(Akabane disease)是由赤羽病毒(Akabane virus, AKAV)引起的一种导致反刍动物繁殖障碍和新生犊牛畸形的病毒性传染病。近年来，该病在我国呈现流行趋势，由于缺乏有效的疫苗和防治药物，给我国牛羊养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。因此，通过对AKAV分子病原学和致病机理方面的研究进展进行综述，以期正确认识赤羽病的病原学特征与致病机理，为该病的防治和药物开发提供理论参考。     

阻断酶联免疫吸附试验检测赤羽病

赤羽病(Akabanedisease)又称阿卡斑病,是牛、羊的一种以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲积水性无脑综合症为特征的病毒性传染病。本病的病原赤羽病病毒是布尼安病毒科(Bunvaviridae)、辛波(Simbu)病毒群的成员之一。最早在澳大利亚暴发,后在日本、美国、韩国等国也分离到该病毒。本病的流行对养牛、养羊业的发展构成巨大的威胁,因此该病是我国从澳大利亚进口奶牛必须检测的七种疫病之一。     

奉贤地区奶牛赤羽病血清学的调查

<正>赤羽病又名阿卡斑病,是由布尼亚病毒科正布尼亚病毒属辛波病毒群的赤羽病病毒所引起的牛、绵羊和山羊的一种多形性虫媒传染病。以流产、早产、死胎、胎儿畸形、木乃伊、新生胎儿发生关节弯曲积水性无脑综合征(简称AH综合征)为特征的病毒性传染病[1-2]。该病为虫媒性传染病,传播媒介为吸血的蚊、库蠓等[3]。该病首次于1961年在日本群马县赤羽村发现此病,故而得名[4]。该病易发生在热带和温带,澳大利亚、南非、肯尼亚、以色     

赤羽病病毒的纯化及其单克隆抗体的制备

将人工繁殖、纯化的赤羽病病毒作为免疫原,通过常规杂交瘤技术,制备亲和性强、特异性好的小鼠抗赤羽病病毒单克隆抗体,并进行相应的纯化和标记工作。以澳大利亚进口的试剂盒进行验证,结果证明:进口单抗与我们制备的AAK纯品及AAK-HRP显示同样结果;且质控结果表明,AAK纯品及其衍生物AAK-HRP的特异性和亲和性均基本满足进行封闭ELISA检测方法的要求,为制备国产化ELISA试剂盒提供了基础。     

Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever virus infections.

Akabane and bovine ephemeral fever viruses are exotic to the American continent. Both viruses are spread by insect vectors, and each causes disease of varying severity in food-producing animals. However, there are few other similarities between the agents and the diseases that they cause. They do not share the same insect vectors, the mammalian host range is different, and the clinical manifestations of virus infection vary markedly. Akabane virus is a cause of severe congenital defects, but adult animals show no signs of infection. In contrast, bovine ephemeral fever virus causes a febrile illness affecting mainly mature animals. If introduced to North America, it is probable that there would be significant economic losses, at least until endemic virus transmission patterns were established. Subsequently, it is likely that there would be patterns of alternate disease outbreaks followed by interepidemic periods in which there is a minor clinical effect.     

水貂细小病毒性肠炎实验室诊断方法研究进展

水貂细小病毒性肠炎是威胁水貂养殖的最大疾病之一。该病在我国广泛存在,一旦暴发将给水貂养殖业造成巨大的经济损失。为了防制该病,需要迅速、准确地作出诊断。经过几十年的努力,水貂细小病毒性肠炎诊断技术从最早的病毒分离鉴定到血清学试验,再到分子生物学技术,已逐渐向更敏感、更特异、更方便、更经济的方向发展。本文就水貂细小病毒性肠...     

Meteorological factors affecting seroconversion of Akabane disease in sentinel calves in the subtropical Okinawa Islands of Japan

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Akabane virus, the pathogen-causing Akabane disease, is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) transmitted by the Culicoides biting midge. A nationwide...     

A serological survey of Akabane virus infection in cattle and sheep in northwest China

Purpose

Akabane disease characterized mainly by fetal damage is a ruminant disease caused by insect-transmitted Akabane virus infection.

Methods

We investigated Akabane disease using serum neutralization tests in 446 blood samples collected from 187 cattle and 259 sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China.

Results

(1) The overall prevalence rate of neutralizing antibody was 19.06?% (85/446), (2) the prevalence rates of Akabane disease in cattle and sheep were 20.32?% (38/187) and 18.15?% (47/259), respectively, (3) the disease prevalence rates were not significantly different between cattle and sheep, but significantly different among samples collected from different sampling months, (4) the disease was most prevalent in July when mosquitoes and culicoides were most active, and (5) the disease prevalence rates were significantly different between individuals with abortion experience and without abortion experience (P?<?0.05), suggesting that Akabane virus infection may significantly increase abortion risk in cattle and sheep.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first report confirming that Akabane virus infection is common in cattle and sheep of Xinjiang province, northwest China and providing useful epidemiological information for cattle and sheep abortion prevention and control.     

Isolation of Akabane virus from the biting midge Culicoides oxystoma in Japan

Akabane virus was isolated from the biting midge, Culicoides oxystoma, collected in a cowshed in Kagoshima on Kyushu Island of Japan. This is the first report on the isolation of Akabane virus from biting midges of the genus Culicoides in Japan. Two calves kept as bait in the cowshed seroconverted to Akabane virus. These results strongly suggest that C. oxystoma may be a vector of Akabane virus.     

Preferential infection of neuronal and astroglia cells by Akabane virus in primary cultures of fetal bovine brain

Akabane virus is a member of the genus Bunyavirus; it is pathogenic for ruminants and transmitted by arthropod vectors. Infection of adult cattle and sheep causes a transient viremia without obvious clinical signs, while infection of pregnant animals often causes fetal abnormalities including hydranencephaly, poliomyelitis and arthrogryposis. Infectious virus or viral antigens is present in the brain, spinal cord and skeletal muscle of infected fetuses. To understand the interaction between Akabane virus and bovine brain cells, we investigated the viral tropism using primary cultures of fetal bovine brain. The cultured neuronal cells, astroglia cells and microglia cells were distinguished by cell type specific antisera. Akabane virus was found to infect neuronal cells and astroglia cells, which led to degenerative death. No microglia cells were found infected. In some brain cultures, we observed different sensitivities of the cells to two Akabane virus strains: an attenuated strain infected and spread more readily than wild type virus. This difference was not observed in a hamster fibroblast cell line. Both viral and host determinants might be involved in the different susceptibility of brain cells to Akabane virus infection.     

Loss of milk yield due to Akabane disease in dairy cows

Akabane disease is an infection with clinical signs of congenital malformation and abortion in ruminants. Abnormal parturitions caused by Akabane disease result in great economic loss. The purpose of this study is to estimate the reduction in the milk yield from abnormal parturition due to Akabane disease. The data were collected from 33 Holstein cows on 11 farms. The animals had abnormal parturitions during the period from September 1998 to March 1999, and were diagnosed as having Akabane disease. The mean and standard deviation of the rate of reduction in the milk yield of 33 cows after abnormal parturition caused by Akabane disease was -11.4 +/- 14.9%. The means and standard deviations of the rate of reduction of four cows calving abnormally at 220-239 days of gestation, nine cows calving abnormally at 240-270 days of gestation, and 20 cows calving abnormally at 271-300 days of gestation were -26.6 +/- 24.7%, -14.7 +/- 11.0%, and -6.9 +/- 12.3%, respectively. In this study, we demonstrated that the rate of reduction in the milk yield in cows affected by Akabane disease was -11.4 +/- 14.9%, but values as high as -26.6 +/- 24.7% were reached in the comparison with the milk yield obtained after normal parturition.     

Hemagglutination-inhibition test applied to the study of akabane virus infection in domestic animals

Some factors affecting the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) reaction with Akabane virus were investigated and an HI test developed. The test was proven to be useful in studies of antibody responses in cattle and other domestic animals infected with Akabane virus. HI antibody titers of individual animals were shown to be closely correlated with their neutralizing antibody titers and to remain undiminished for a relatively long time. In some early sera from domestic animals infected with Akabane virus, HI antibody sensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol was demonstrated.