双低高油分杂交油菜先油杂2号的选育

先油杂2号是以双低隐性核不育系847A与双低恢复系HF15配制的杂交组合,在贵州两年的区试中,种子含油率44.55%,芥酸含量0.5%,硫甙含量20.62μmol/g.饼,种子蛋白质含量21.2%,两年平均产量为174.44 kg/667m2,比对照(油研10号)增产14.01%。     

浅析提高玉米杂交种子纯度的有效途径

近年来,因玉米杂交种子质量问题,纠纷不断,导致市场混乱.据全国农业种子总站1993年以来对北方各大制种单位的抽检结果显示:杂交玉米种子合格率尽管连续多年呈上升趋势,但仍低于其它生产资料合格率,尤其是衡量种子质量的主要指标--种子纯度过于偏低.种子纯度的高低,直接影响着作物的产量.大量试验结果证明:玉米杂交二级种较一级种减产5%～8%,等外种较一级种减产15%以上.……     

优质杂交油菜撒播试验组合比较研究

[目的]筛选可参加国家区试高密度试验组的优质油菜组合。[方法]采用随机区组试验设计,对6种优质油菜新品种（组合）进行了撒播试验。[结果]H0903产量最高,平均单产为2 002.65 kg/hm2,比油研10号高出19.38%,综合性状均较好,适合密植。H0904平均单产为1 715.10 kg/hm2,居参试品种第2位,可升级进入多点区域试验鉴定。H0901与油研10号相比略有减产,建议继续鉴定后作取舍;H0905和H0902与油研10号相比减产幅度较大,建议淘汰。[结论]H0903可参加国家区试高密度试验组。     

双低优质油菜油研九号与油研七号的品种比较

通过大田试验研究了油研九号和油研七号的产量、经济性状及生育期表现。结果表明:油研九号产量为2 524.5 kg/hm2,比油研七号(CK)2 415 kg/hm2增加109.5 kg/hm2,增长率4.5%。油研九号经济性状比油研七号表现好,且生育期相差不大,说明油研九号适合在桐梓县大面积推广栽培。     

桂西北地区油肥两用油菜品种筛选试验研究

为筛选出适宜在桂西北地区大面积推广的优质、丰产"油肥两用"油菜品种,通过品种筛选试验研究了南油10号、德油杂17、油研9号等16个油菜品种的生育特点、生物和经济产量性状等。结果表明:油研52号、绵丰油5号、科乐油1号、油研10号和渝油21等5个油菜品种菜籽产量和生物产量较高,适宜②在桂西北地区作为"油肥两用"油菜品种推广。     

油菜品种双向鉴定循回整理法的应用效果

采用油菜品种双向鉴定循回整理法，对双低油菜品种油研6号进行品种整理。结果表明，种子纯度从79％提高到98.3%，提高19.3个百分点。整理后的种子纯度较生产自留种纯度提高23％，其产量构成水平和抗性均明显提高；在大田生产中整理种亩产达134.1kg，较自留种增产8.6%；整理后的种子芥酸含量0.89%，硫甙含量28.77mol/g，油酸含量67.43%，含油量41.34%，符合优质油菜标准，油菜品种双向鉴定循回整理方法，操作简便易行，整理进度快、效果明显，既可确保良种不断生产供给，又可使种性得到不断提高。     

油菜抗根肿病品种在云南省西南发病区的田间评价

通过明确‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’2个抗根肿病油菜品种的田间抗性、农艺性状和产量情况,为油菜根肿病重发区筛选出优良的抗病品种。本研究在云南省西南地区的腾冲市、梁河县和临翔县3个油菜根肿病病区进行田间试验,采用本课题组研发品种和当地主推品种作为对照。田间试验结果显示,‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟安全越冬,生育期176～199 d,各生育期表现整齐一致;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在腾冲和梁河点对油菜根肿病表现为高度抗病,在临翔点表现为抗病;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点的农艺性状良好;‘华双5R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产2.71%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’和‘德油1号’相比增产幅度为7.49%～56.83%‘;华油杂62R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产5.76%,比临翔点的‘德油1号’减产4.61%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、...     

盐胁迫对油菜种子萌发的影响

[目的]研究油菜品种的耐盐性。[方法]以5个油菜品种为材料,用不同浓度的NaCl溶液(0.2%、0.4%、0.6%、0.8%和1.0%)对其进行处理,清水处理为对照,测种子发芽率、幼苗根长和苗高。[结果]NaCl浓度为1.0%时,蓉油11号和油研10号的发芽率受到显著抑制,较CK下降6.9%;NaCl浓度为0.4%时,杂双2号的发芽率受到显著抑制,较CK降低22.6%。NaCl浓度为1.0%时,杂交种2号、杂双2号和蓉油11号的根长明显受到抑制,分别较CK缩短25.4%、35.3%和33.3%。杂交种2号、杂双2号、蓉油11号、绵油11号和油研10号的苗高受到显著抑制时的NaCl浓度分别为0.2%、0.6%、0.6%、0.2%和0.6%,其苗高分别较CK降低11.8%,28.8%、13.5%、8.1%和27.8%。[结论]蓉油11号和油研10号较耐盐。     

平塘县辣椒品种比较试验

贵州省平塘县引进5个辣椒品种,从生育期、植株性状、抗病性、产量等方面进行品种比较试验。结果表明,产量以长研十七号为最高(2 099.93kg/667m2),比对照增产156.94%;长辣八号次之,产量1 079.84kg/667m2,比对照增产32.13%;兴蔬曲曲比对照减产43.56%;黔椒5号比对照增产18.47%。以获得质优、产量较高和经济效益较高的辣椒,选择长研十七号辣椒进行种植最适宜。长辣八号由于角长、商品性好、前期产量高,加强病虫害防治可进行小面积示范推广,其他3个品种不具备更多的优良性。     

甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系203A及其杂交种成油1号的选育

成油1号是利用细胞质雄性不育系203A与恢复系1266C杂交选育而成的“三系”杂交种。2002年参加国家黄淮区域试验,平均产量2 630 kg/hm2,比对照品种秦油2号增产1.21%。2003年续试,平均产量2 998.4kg/hm2,比对照秦油2号增产4.08%,达极显著水平,居参试品种第一位。2004年参加国家黄淮区生产试验,平均产量为2 580.6 kg/hm2,比对照减产1.79%,减产不显著。成油1号芥酸含量0.45%,硫苷含量22.79μmol/g,含油量42.14%,属双低油菜杂交种。     

滇型杂交粳稻可育株混杂对产量的影响

通过可育株在杂交粳稻种子中不同混杂比例对产量影响的研究结果表明,可育株混杂量的多少对产量有较大影响,处理间的产量差异达极显著水平,随着可育株混杂比例的增加,产量逐渐降低,即可育株含量增加1%,每公顷将减产50~450 kg;杂交粳稻种子中可育株的量只能控制在8%以内,超过8%就将抵消增产优势。提高种子纯度是确保种性和杂种优势充分发挥的重要措施。     

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Net Increment of Fresh Dry Weight in Hybrid Rape

[Objective]The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield cultivation of hybrid rape cultivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10.[Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied.[Result]The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0.01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growth course,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage,besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period.The correlations among fresh net increment,dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive.[Conclusion]Under experimental condition,when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm2,hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.     

不同施氮量对杂交油菜鲜干重净增量的影响

以“三高两低”杂交油菜油研9号和油研10号为材料，进行不同施氮量对单株鲜重净增量、单株干物重净增量影响的研究，探讨不同施氮量间施氮量净增量相同（75kg／hm^2），而单株鲜重净增量、单株干物重净增量的变化。     

不同施氮量对杂交油菜鲜干重净增量的影响(英文)

[Objective]The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield cultivation of hybrid rape cultivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10.[Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied.[Result]The differences among average fresh weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0.01 extremely significant level. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growth course,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage,besides that dry matter net increment increased gradually and the maximum was in mature period.The correlations among fresh net increment,dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive.[Conclusion]Under experimental condition,when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm2,hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.     

Effect of Different Nitrogen Application Amount on the Net Increment of Fresh Dry Weight in Hybrid Rape

[Objective] The aim of the research was to provide reference for reasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer for high yield cultivation of hybrid rape cultivar Youyan 9 and Youyan 10. [Method] The net increment changes of individual plant fresh weight and dry matter weight of Youyan 9 and Youyan 10 with different nitrogen application treatments were studied. [Result]The differences among average fresh" weight increments of individual plant and average dry matter weight increment of individual plant with different treatments reached 0.01 extremely significant levd. Fresh weight increment and dry matter weight net increment of individual plant declined gradually with the increase of nitrogen application. In growth course,fresh weight net increment of individual plant increased firstly then decreased and the maximum was in beginning flowering stage, besides that dry matter net increment increased grad-ualty and the maximum was in mature period. The correlations among fresh net increment, dry matter weight net increment and yield net increment were positive or extremely positive. [Conclusion] Under experimental condition, when nitrogen application was 225 kg/hm2 , hybrid rape Yanyou 9 and Yanyou 10 with low erucic,low glucosinolate could obtain high yield.     

父母本行比对利用苦瓜强雌系制种产量和纯度的影响

以川苦6号为材料,研究了不同父母本行比对利用苦瓜强雌系制种产量和质量的影响,选出最佳父母本行比.结果表明,父母本行比为1∶(5～6)时,其产量最高,1∶4时其产量次之;父母本行比为1∶(3～4)时,其种子纯度最高;综合考虑制种产量与制种质量,利用苦瓜强雌系制种,其最适行比为1∶4.     

牛粪施用量对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量和品质的影响

为拓展油菜优质栽培的有机肥源,为优质杂交油菜的高产保优栽培提供理论依据,以优质杂交油菜品种油研599和三北98为材料,研究了牛粪不同施用量对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量和品质的影响。结果表明:牛粪不同施用量对甘蓝型优质杂交油菜产量有显著影响,油研599的产量与牛粪施用量呈一元二次抛物线关系,三北98的产量与牛粪施用量存在直线回归关系,两品种同时获得高产的牛粪施用量为7.5×104kg/hm2;牛粪施用量对优质杂交油菜各品质性状均未产生显著影响,其中,对芥酸含量的影响较大,对棕榈酸含量的影响较小。     

农业生物技术在水稻种子纯度鉴定中的应用

【研究目的】为了选择直观、准确、可靠、经济可行和易于操作的水稻种子纯度鉴定技术;【方法】分析和总结了电泳鉴定法、DNA分子标记鉴定法和叶色标记技术鉴定水稻种子纯度的研究进展及应用概况;【结论】作者认为电泳鉴定法及DNA分子标记鉴定法只能获得杂交水稻杂种纯度的基本数据,不具备有效排除假杂种的功能,也不可能采取后补救措施解决因纯度低而造成的产量损失。白化转绿型叶色标记技术运用在杂交水稻上,将结束传统种子纯度的检测方法,引发种子纯度检测的革命,具有极其广阔的市场前景。     

不同处理对柱花草种子的产量和质量的影响

以热研5号柱花草为材料,研究了不同的底肥、种植密度、追肥、灌水次数和采收方式对柱花草种子产量和质量的影响。结果表明,3个底肥(磷肥)水平种子产量和质量均高于未施磷水平,0.07 kg/m2处理磷肥水平产量最高,为358.50 kg/hm2,且3个处理相差不大。净度和千粒重最低的处理是0.13 kg/m2磷肥水平,分别为8.87%和2.42 g。种植密度为0.5 m×1.0 m产量最高,为448.63 kg/hm2,种植密度行距为1 m的种子净度、千粒重和出苗率均高于株行距为0.5 m的,净度为9.12%,千粒重为2.63 g,出苗率为74.33%。未追肥条件种子产量最低,为339.96 kg/hm2,种子净度、千粒重和出苗率变化较小。3个灌溉处理种子产量差异较小,未灌溉处理种子千粒重和出苗率最低,分别为2.48 g和42.44%。铺膜采收种子处理种子产量最高,为370.79 kg/hm2,成熟后刈割收种处理种子产量和千粒重最低,分别为197.42 kg/hm2和2.47 g。试验为云南柱花草生产及草业的发展提供理论依据。     

油研9号氮、钾、硼肥的施用技术

为了探讨油菜良种良法配套栽培技术,以新品种油研9号进行了氮肥的不同施用比例、钾肥的不同施用量、硼肥的不同施用方式的研究。结果表明:在相同施氮量下,以基肥:苗肥:薹肥为3:4:3时产量最高,与5:3:2和6:2:2 的施用比例达显著性差异;与4:3:3的施用比例差异不显著。不同钾肥施用量以底施氯化钾15 kg／667m2产量最高,底施氯化钾均与不施氯化钾达极显著性差异,但底施氯化钾15 kg／667m2比底施氯化钾7．5 kg／667m2增产不显著。不同硼肥的施用方式,以薹施硼肥1 kg／667m2产量最高,薹施(1kg／667m2)、底施(1 kg／667m2)、花喷(100g／667m2)硼肥分别比不施硼肥增产 31．5％、22．8％、5．5％,施用硼肥与不施硼肥均达显著性差异,薹施和底施硼肥增产效果明显,花喷增产效果较差。