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饲用油脂在动物营养中的应用 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
随着人类对动物遗传育种选择要求的不断提高以及动物对饲养环境要求的更加严格,动物饲养需要更高的营养水平以与之相适应,为了满足这种不断变化的要求,人们常常在饲粮中添加油脂。在动物饲料中添加油脂,一般具有营养与物理学两大方面作用。在营养学方面的价值表现为:... 相似文献
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饲用油脂在畜禽日粮中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1油脂在日粮中的作用饲用油脂主要分为三大类:动物性油脂、植物性油脂和海产油脂。在畜禽日粮中添加油脂的主要作用有:1.1提供高浓度、易利用的代谢能,脂肪所含能量是碳水化合物和蛋白质的2.25倍;1.2提供动物体内的必需脂肪酸,如亚麻酸、亚油酸和花生四烯酸等;1.3促进脂溶性维生素和类胡萝卜素(色素)的吸收和作用;1.4改善饲料的适口性和外部感官,延长食糜在消化道中的停留时间,提高营养物质的消化率和动物的采食量,大大改善动物的生长速度;1.5在特殊环境,尤其在高温条件下,可减少动物的应激反应;1.6… 相似文献
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现代畜禽生产对能量的要求较高,依靠谷实类饲料原料难以满足需求,动物油脂成为饲料的重要原料之一。动物油脂与一般植物油脂相比,有不可替代的特有香味,被大量广泛用于饲料生产,早以被列入《饲料原料目录》。但是与发达国家相比,中国饲料用动物油脂加工业起步较晚,生产工艺相对落后,品质安全性和稳定性差。我国当前饲料用动物油脂生产和使用总量大,但实际生产和应用上还存在很大问题,主要是生产企业规模较小,设备简单,技术力量薄弱,生产工艺不符合规定要求、原料来源复杂等原因,导致质量参差不齐。 相似文献
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在养殖业中,油脂是一种常见的饲料原料。1953年,美国率先将油脂作为饲料原料使用于畜禽养殖(赵国志等,2000)。50多年来,饲用油脂已经被各国广泛应用。近年来,由于动物营养学研究不断深入以及现代养殖业对动物福利、环境保护和生产效率要求越来越高,饲料中添加油脂日益受到重视,并且,饲用油脂的各种应用特性也不断被发现和肯定。文章主要介绍了油脂的饲用作用和氧化油脂的潜在不良影响。 相似文献
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利用油脂饲喂家畜的方法,在我国已有数千年历史,这种技术与现代动物营养理论相结合,将大大提高畜禽的生产性能并明显提高经济效益。与一些畜牧发达国家相比,我国饲料产品的能量水平往往偏低。过去饲养的绝大多数是地方品种或其杂交品种,还基本适应;如今饲养的大部分是现代品种, 相似文献
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文章旨在研究高温条件下日粮添加不同脂肪来源和水平对蛋鸡生产性能和蛋品质的影响。试验将480只31周龄的海兰褐壳蛋鸡随机分为5组,每组4个重复,每个重复24只。对照组日粮代谢能含量为2800 kcal/kg,不添加脂肪,其他4组日粮分别添加2%或4%动物脂肪或大豆油,所有日粮中的能量和营养浓度保存一致,试验共进行28 d,试验期间室内平均温度和湿度分别为(26.7±1.52)℃和(77.4±4.50)%,热应激指数约为76。结果发现:日粮添加2%或4%动物脂肪的蛋鸡体重显著高于对照组和大豆油组(P<0.05),动物脂肪或大豆油组较对照组显著提高蛋鸡体增重(P<0.05),同时日粮中添加脂肪的蛋鸡采食量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,4%大豆油组蛋壳厚度显著降低(P<0.05),而日粮中添加4%大豆油较4%动物脂肪显著降低了蛋黄颜色(P<0.05)。结论:在能量和营养水平保持不变情况下,日粮中添加油脂(动物脂肪或大豆油)对在高温条件下饲养的蛋鸡有降低体重损失的作用。但日粮中添加脂肪会降低蛋壳厚度和蛋黄颜色。 相似文献
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油脂在乌骨鸡日粮中的利用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
饲料脂肪在动物小肠内受到胆汁,胰脂肪酶和肠脂肪酶的作用,分解为甘油和脂肪酸,被肠壁直接吸收,沉积于动物体脂肪组织中变为体脂肪。每克脂肪氧化分解可择放出的能量是糖的2倍多,做为能源是储备糖原的9倍多。实践证明,畜禽饲料中如不含脂肪,就会发生营养缺乏症。饲料中的脂肪在畜体内转化为体脂肪比碳水化合物及蛋白质要容易得多,而且转化率也较高。因而在动物的日粮中添加脂肪就尤为重要。
油脂根据来源可分为植物油脂和动物油脂,前者中的不饱和脂肪酸含量大于饱和脂肪酸的含量,可不经氢化即直接转变为体脂肪,被动物消化吸收。因此在添加脂肪时应注意两者的搭配,或从经济的角度考虑单用植物性脂肪。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2%的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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