香蕉试管苗工厂化生产过程的光温环境调控

香蕉产业是中国热带亚热带地区的重要产业之一。在香蕉产业化生产中种苗的生产至关重要,目前国内外均是利用茎尖分生组织培养进行工厂化繁殖。为了提高香蕉试管苗工厂化生产效益,在生产过程中既要在短时间内获得大量的增殖丛芽,又要求繁殖的芽体粗壮均衡;而丛芽增殖多而快时,繁     

目前国内主栽香蕉品种的引种过程及存在的问题

香蕉的引种应用 ,是良种推广的主要途径 ,对发展香蕉生产起着重要的作用。近十几年来 ,由于大量引进国外品种 ,并采用组培技术工厂化育苗 ,对促进我国香蕉种植业的发展及良种普及 ,起着决定性的作用 ,并已产生了显著的社会效益和经济效益。当前从事工厂化育苗的单位众多 ,甚至出现在一个市内有 30多个组培育苗工厂的现象。然而 ,由于有些种苗生产单位及种植者不明品种来源 ,或缺乏职业道德 ,或为了自身利益而编造某品种系自己引进的谎言 ,或随心所欲地命名 ,导致目前国内香蕉推广品种名称比较混乱。为此 ,特提出有关问题与同行商榷 ,以期共…     

香蕉组培苗的好处及建棚育苗技术

我国香蕉利用先进的生物技术进行工厂化快速育苗法取代过去传统吸芽种植法，这是香蕉育苗技术的重大突破，是香蕉产业的一次革命．为香蕉产业的迅猛发展起到了很大作用。     

香蕉试管苗不炼苗移栽技术初探

20世纪70年代我国台湾省报道了利用香蕉茎尖培养大量种苗的有关研究。大陆80年代初期开始试验该项技术，1985年之后，广东、广西、云南、福建、海南等省（区）组织培养香蕉试管苗都先后进入工厂化生产阶段。与传统吸芽繁殖相比，香蕉组培快速繁殖具有能够迅速推广优良品种；繁殖系数高，周期短，幼苗整齐；收获期一致，有利于集约化经营和商品化生产等诸多优点。     

快速、高效繁殖香蕉试管苗

香蕉试管苗工厂化生产一般是按外植体培养——继代培养——生根培养的程序进行。笔者经过几年的生产实践，认为该生产程序存在着培养周期长、不定芽增殖率较低、成苗慢、成本高等缺点。针对以上问题，本文对香蕉试管苗培养程序以及培养基进行了对比试验，建立了一种快速、高效的试管苗生产技术体系。     

试管组培香蕉丰产栽培技术要点

香蕉是我省六大名果之一。近年来，随着高新技术的渗入和应用，香蕉主产区大多应用植物组织培养技术，进行香蕉工厂化育苗。为了防止种苗带有束顶病等病毒，根据种性，保证种质纯正，达到速生、丰产、优质的目的，我所苗木组培中心对从广东引进的两个香蕉良种进行组培脱毒快繁，现已繁育出脱毒苗3万多株，袋苗2万多株，并在生产上推广应用。现将试管组培香蕉丰产配套栽培技术要点介绍如下：一、应用组培技术，推广良种，快速更新蕉园应用香蕉组培技术，可在短期内生产大量种苗，为老、弱、病果园更新或抗病品种的迅速推广提供了可能。我所于…     

杂环脲类植物细胞分裂素混剂(CTK)对香蕉不定芽增殖的影响

1985年以来，广东、广西、福建、海南等地先后走上香蕉苗生产的工厂化，并取得很好的经济效益。经过20多年的发展，香蕉组培快繁技术日趋完善，但也存在许多问题，特别是如何调控植物生长调节剂的合理利用，一直以来都是广大农业工作者的研究重点。本研究把新合成的杂环脲类植物细胞分裂素混剂CTK引入香蕉的试管苗生产中，     

香蕉浅层液体组培快繁技术研究

在组培苗工厂化生产过程中,从芽诱导分化、继代增殖、诱导生根,所配制的培养基通常要加入琼脂进行固化,据计算琼脂约占培养基成本的80％。为了降低香蕉组培苗生产成本,增加经济效益,探索将香蕉浅层液体组培快繁技术转化为现实生产力。笔者于2003年对该技术进行进一步研究,即在外植体诱导和增殖阶段,培养基不加琼脂,直接进行浅层液体培养增殖,短期内获得大量的增殖芽,然后转入加琼脂固化的生根培养基进行诱导生根,从而生产出健康的香蕉组培苗。     

香蕉组培苗浅层液体培养试验

在香蕉组培苗工厂化生产中 ,从继代到生根壮苗培养均采用固体培养 ,由于琼脂的市场价格贵 ,这样加大了组培苗的生产成本。为了降低香蕉组培苗工厂化生产的成本 ,提高经济效益 ,我们采用浅层液体静置培养与固体培养进行对比试验。1　材料与方法　1 1　试验材料　材料取自广西农科院生物所提供的威廉斯Ｗ9系列低代组培瓶苗。1 2　试验方法　试验于 2 0 0 0年 9月 2 1日在田阳县水果办香蕉组培苗厂进行。培养基均采用ＭＳ +ＢＡ3 .0ｍｇ/1+ＮＡＡ0 .2ｍｇ/1+蔗糖 3 % ;第一组加 0 .5 %琼脂粉配成固体培养基 ;另一组除不加入琼脂粉其他成分一样 …     

香蕉根结线虫病的发生与防治

香蕉根结线虫病是香蕉的重要病害之一。近年来，随着香蕉组培苗工厂化生产的迅速发展，香蕉种植面积不断扩大，复种指数不断增加，大棚营养袋苗土带病，苗期发病早．受害严重，移栽时直接把线虫带人大田，导致香蕉根结线虫病普遍发生，发病率一般达20％～30％，严重的达60％以上，减产40％～60％；苗期发病则严重影响出圃率，对香蕉生产造成严重威胁。     

香蕉种质资源的AFLP鉴别与分类中DNA模板的制备

在运用AFLP技术进行香蕉种质资源的鉴别与分类时,成功的关键之一是HMW基因组DNA的成功制备和避免降解,为了获得高纯度的HMW香蕉模板DNA和清晰的AFLP指纹图谱,以粉蕉为试材进行了用不同方法从不同植物体部位提取香蕉DNA的研究。结果表明,以香蕉未展开的幼叶、成熟叶、新根为材料提取的DNA量足以进行AFLP分析,但考虑到取材的方便性,最好选用未展开的幼叶或成熟叶;用改进后的SDS、CTAB法均可以获得HMW基因组DNA和AFLP指纹图谱,SDS法(用氯仿异-戊醇溶液抽提3次)提取的DNA量将近是CTAB法提取的DNA量的2倍,但SDS法提取的DNA纯度不如CTAB法提取的高。两种方法提取的DNA片段大小一致,大约在16kb左右。     

Aseptic multiplication of banana from excised floral apices

Most economically important bananas and plantains are large triploid seedless herbs that must be propagated vegetatively by removing small side shoots or "suckers" from the parent plant or by planting seed pieces of larger corms. Consequently, multiplication of stock material is time consuming, Recently, the rapid production of young banana plantlets suitable for use as "seed" material has been described. Vegetative shoot apices were isolated and multiplied using aseptic tissue culture techniques. Although these multiplication systems, once established, can produce thousands of plants in a relatively short period of time, their establishment necessitates the initial sacrifice of an individual specimen, which may not always be desirable or prudent should a limited parent stock be available. We describe here the production and multiplication of rooted banana plantlets from the isolation and culture of terminal floral apices.     

Endophytic bacteria associated with banana cultivars and their inoculation effect on plant growth

The occurrence and role of endophytic bacterial communities in banana under different field-grown conditions have not yet been explored. Hence, a survey was conducted in five different banana cultivars – Rasthali, Hill banana, Co1, Nattu Poovan and Red banana – for the assessment of bacterial endophytes grown in Tamil Nadu, Southern India. From 352 endophytes isolated, 17 were selected based on distinct morpho-physiological characters. The 17 selected isolates were grouped into eight different genera, which belong to the phyla Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with remarkable differences in the bacterial compositions among the banana cultivars. Higher bacterial diversity was observed in Rasthali and Red banana when compared to Co1 and Nattu Poovan. Isolates exhibited at least one functional plant growth-promoting trait when tested for siderophore production and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) synthesis. Representative isolates from eight different genera were further analyzed for plant–microbe interactions. A seedling inoculation experiment on tomato showed a significant effect on seed germination, seedling growth, vigor index, and biomass production compared to the uninoculated control. However, a comprehensive approach is needed to evaluate the full potential of bacterial endophytes to improve quality and yield in banana under field conditions.     

Grouping of banana clones based on genomic groups,ploidy, and seasons of planting for sucker production in Musa spp.

ABSTRACT

Sucker production of important clones belonging to different ploidy levels and genomic groups were assessed in three different planting seasons at Kerala Agricultural University, Thrissur, India. The study revealed that morphological characters such as plant height, collar girth, and total number of leaves recorded very strong, significant, and positive correlation with sucker production characters but negative correlation was observed with average leaf production interval and bunch weight. The number of dead suckers was found to be positively correlated with plant height, collar girth, “D” leaf area, bunch weight, and average leaf production interval. In a cluster analysis, six banana varieties that were planted in different three seasons (18 entries) and their pooled data (6 entries) were grouped into four distinct clusters each. In factor/principle component analysis, the first three major factors/principle components amounted to a total of 85.9% of the variability. The communality values of the factor analysis revealed that collar girth was the major relative contributory trait for deciding the sucker yield and production in banana.

Abbreviations: EVS: Early vegetative stage; AVS: Active vegetative stage; FBI: Flower bud initiation; FBD: Flower bud differentiation; PCA: Principle component analysis; FA: Factor analysis     

香蕉果实特异表达启动子驱动下的乙肝表面抗原基因植物表达载体的构建

研制经济方便的新型乙肝植物口服疫苗是全球控制乙型肝炎的现实要求。研制乙肝植物口服疫苗遇到的一个主要的困难是HBsAg基因在受体植物中的表达量低。香蕉是植物口服疫苗理想的受体。因此,以香蕉为受体,进一步提高HBsAg基因表达量的研究非常必要。从pBIL2载体上克隆了香蕉果实特异表达的BanLec启动子,并引入了HindⅢ、BamHⅠ酶切位点;利用EcoRⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切YEPFLAG-HBS获得了HBsAg基因;通过BamHⅠ酶切位点,利用T4DNA连接酶连接了BanLec启动子和HBsAg基因,形成BanLec-HBsAg连接片段;再把该片段通过EcoRⅠ、HindⅢ酶切位点插入pCAMBIA2300植物表达载体,成功构建香蕉果实特异表达启动子驱动下的乙肝表面抗原基因表达载体。     

植物根际促生菌对香蕉幼苗生长及抗枯萎病效应研究

 通过盆栽试验,研究从香蕉根际土壤分离筛选的植物根际促生菌（PGPR）芽孢杆菌PAB-1、PAB-2菌株制剂对香蕉幼苗生长、养分吸收利用和香蕉枯萎病防治的效应研究。结果表明：试验处理56 d后,施用植物根际促生菌菌剂的处理,株高、假茎围、地上部生物量、根长、根系生物量、总生物量、单株叶面积和叶绿素含量分别比对照增加18.5% ~ 28.9%、17.0% ~ 18.2%、16.8% ~ 33.9%、41.5% ~ 47.6%、65.5% ~ 69.5%、24.8% ~ 39.8%、24.0% ~ 38.3% 和 30.0% ~ 44.9%;施用PAB-2菌剂的处理,地上部氮、磷、钾、钙、镁养分吸收量分别比对照增加51.1%、46.1%、165.2%、7.4%和32.8%。接种香蕉枯萎病病原菌（FOC）的处理中,施用PGPR菌剂的香蕉叶片丙二醛含量显著低于只接种FOC4的,降低4.4% ~ 10.6%;56 d后香蕉枯萎病病情指数比只接种FOC4的降低12.5 ~ 31.3,防控效果达到18.8% ~ 46.9%。施用PGPR菌剂能显著促进香蕉苗期植株生长,提高植株养分吸收,有效防控香蕉枯萎病发生。     

The influence of the topographic position within highlands of Western Rwanda on the interactions between banana (Musa spp. AAA-EA), parasitic nematodes and soil factors

Soil properties vary according to the topography. They affect water uptake and root exploration in the soil. Consequently, they may also influence the spread of plant–parasitic nematodes. This study reports on the effect of toposequence-related variations in soil on banana yields, foliar nutrient status, and nematode impact. Twenty banana plots were visited within 6 hills/valleys at each of the three toposequence positions: valley bottom, mid-slope and crest. Important variability in plant growth, nutrition and soil properties was observed within the toposequence. Significantly better plant growth (height and girth) was observed in the valley bottoms, where banana bunch weight was 1.7–3.4 kg higher (although not significant) than at upper toposequence positions. Best plant growth was observed in valley bottoms in contrast to the highest N and K foliar deficiencies in this position. Plants in the valley bottoms had higher foliar Ca and Mg, and K compared to those in the crest. Plants in the mid-slope had greater percentage of dead roots (19.1%), compared to the plants in the valley bottoms (12.3%) and the crest (14.2%). Soils in the valley bottoms were deeper, sandier, with lower organic matter, lower N, and K compared to the soils at higher toposequence. Nematodes likely play a key role in banana root damage, however, their effect appear to be in relation to various soil factors at each position. The abundance of Pratylenchus goodeyi had generally limited impact on banana yields in fields having less than 5% slope (crest and valley bottom) where soil conditions were more optimal for root growth. However, in the presence of increased run-off on steeper middle slopes, root death was increased even under moderate pressure from P. goodeyi.     

生物技术在香蕉育种中的应用

近50年来,香蕉的生产得到了稳步的发展,但同时正遭受越来越严重的病虫、霜冻和台风的危害。解决目前香蕉生产障碍的根本措施是培育高产、优质且具有高度抗性的新品种。而鲜食蕉高度不育性和果实无核性的特点,使目前香蕉选育种工作明显滞后于生产。这些现状迫切要求生物技术在香蕉育种中应用不断发展和深入。综合有关文献概述了近20年来在香蕉的突变育种、基因工程育种和体细胞杂交育种等领域取得的可喜进展,并展望了香蕉产业发展的未来。     

Changes in nutrient concentrations and leaf gas exchange parameters in banana plantlets under gradual soil moisture depletion

Changes in mineral nutrient concentration, growth, water status and gas exchange parameters were investigated in young banana plants (Musa acuminata cv. ‘Grand Nain’) subjected to gradual soil moisture diminution. Experiments were performed in glasshouse under controlled temperature, and water stress was imposed by ceasing irrigation for 62 days. The data showed a parallel decrease of leaf gas exchange parameters and soil moisture initiated few days after the imposition of water stress. However, the leaf relative water content (RWC) showed a minor decrease in response to drought. The onset of growth reduction evaluated as plant height, pseudostem circumference, number of newly emerged leaves, leaf area, and leaf and root biomass took place approximately between 34 and 40 days after the beginning of the stress period. In addition, drought did not modify nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in foliar and root tissues; however, it increased potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium and chloride in leaves, and only calcium, sodium and chloride in roots. Collectively, the data reveal that banana plants show a drought avoidance mechanism in response to water stress. After a prolonged drought period, leaf RWC was hardly reduced, while gas exchange and growth parameters were reduced drastically. Increasing leaf mineral concentration could have help to maintain leaf RWC due to osmotic adjustment mechanism.