从南宁市园林建设看棕榈植物的应用与魅力

棕榈科植物，以其浓郁的南国地域特色、独特的形态观赏效果，广泛地应用在我国两广地区城市绿化建设当中。本文通过对广西南宁市城市形象的解读，特别是对该市青秀山风景区、南湖公园、南湖广场、民族大道等具代表性区域棕榈植物应用效果的实地考察，研究了棕榈植物在南宁市园林建设中应用的成功手法和造景方式，对棕榈植物在城市形象塑造方面获得了启发和更深入的理解。     

浅析棕榈植物的景观配置

<正>棕榈植物以其优美之形态,顽强之生命力及种植的容易性,广泛流行于热带、亚热带植物配置中。现将其在园林景观配置中的应用介绍如下:1棕榈植物在园林设计中的应用1.1主题点景棕榈植物以其优美的形态给人留下深刻的印象。无论是挺拔的霸王棕、华盛顿葵,还是清秀的美丽针葵、酒瓶椰,都在园林配植上占有重要地位。在     

三种室内观叶植物光合特性与抗SO2能力研究

对常春藤、鸭跖草和棕榈３种适于室内栽培的观叶植物光合特性和抗ＳＯ２能力进行研究,结果显示：棕榈光饱和点、光补偿点较高,属半阴性至半阳性植物,在室内较明亮处有光合积累;常春藤、鸭跖草光饱和点和光补偿点均低,属阴性植物,宜于室内环境栽培。对ＳＯ２抗性以棕榈最强,鸭跖草最弱。常春藤具抗ＳＯ２和阴生性特点,适于光能资源不足地区和ＳＯ２污染地区室内栽培利用。     

棕榈植物在园林中的运用

根据棕榈类植物自身的特点及多种造景功能，分析棕榈植物在景观构成中的各类运用形式，阐明了棕榈植物造景艺术的基本所在。     

海口人民公园植物造景分析与探究

正1海口人民公园植物造景现状1.1植物景观海口人民公园植物景观是以热带区系植物为主调,红树林、棕榈植物、彩叶植物、榕属植物、攀援植物等是海口人民公园的重要元素。其植物景观类型可分为以下几种:1.1.1棕榈植物景观。棕榈植物具有特殊的树形、叶形,外型挺拔优美,孤植独木成景,成为优美的园景树;片植成林或列植成行道树,营造浓郁的热带风情,有的枝叶密集,适宜作障景,可起到划分空间的作用。在棕榈植物当中,最常见的大     

四川攀西地区观赏棕榈类植物的引种调查初报

调查摸清目前四川攀西地区共有观赏棕榈植物19属30种，对其原产地、观赏特性、生态适应性及繁殖方法进行介绍，并评述发展前景。     

棕榈植物再领风骚

在园林绿化树种中，棕榈植物以其特有的风格 ，成为园林绿化一独特的风景线。棕榈植物最早流行于欧美园界，后来被世界很多城市采用，我国最近几年也将之广泛应用于园林绿化。棕榈植物作为优良的绿化树种，其中有适于南方园林绿化使用的热带、亚热带种类大王椰子、假槟榔、蒲葵等，有能耐温带科委低温条件的加拿利海枣、华盛顿     

滨海公园棕榈类植物抗风性调查与评价分析

以海口市公园常见的18种棕榈植物为试材,采用分区调查法,研究了棕榈风害受损情况并测定形态学相关指标,利用层次分析法(AHP)对所测指标进行量化处理,再用综合评价法对受损指标、模糊隶属函数法对形态指标分别进行综合评分,根据综合评分进行聚类对比分析,以探索棕榈植物抗风性强弱及其与受损指标之间的关系,建立抗风性强弱的形态指标预测体系。结果表明:受损指标中主干断裂、主干倒伏、枝梢断裂及形态指标中的树木类型、树高、胸径、冠幅与棕榈植物抗风性强弱关系密切,权重值分别为0.444 6、0.287 6、0.124 3、0.415 5、0.148 6、0.236 8、0.126 1,分别高于其它所测指标;受损指标与形态指标聚类分析结果基本一致,18种棕榈植物抗风性强弱均可分为3级,分级完全相符的有14种,其中Ⅰ级6种,Ⅱ级4种,Ⅲ级4种,其余4种分级结果相近。滨海公园棕榈植物的抗风性强弱差异较大,模糊隶属函数法可作为棕榈植物抗风性评价方法,主干断裂、主干倒伏及枝梢断裂可作为判断其抗风性强弱的主要指标,可通过树木类型、树高、胸径、冠幅来预测棕榈植物的抗风性强弱。     

棕榈科植物在南昌园林中应用现状与分析

<正>棕榈科(Palmaceae)植物是世界上热带地区最重要的代表科之一,种类繁多,目前全世界共有约200属3000种,栽培历史十分悠久。主要分布于热带和亚热带地区,不分枝又高高耸立的茎干,簇生于茎顶的叶丛,大型羽状或掌状的叶片,非常优美,广泛应用于园林中。在我国大陆,观赏棕榈的引种栽培主要始于20世纪50年代,至90年代,棕榈科植物的引种栽培已相当多元化,种类与数量剧     

浅析棕榈科植物在造景中的作用

介绍了棕榈科植物的主要配植方式,探究棕榈科植物在造景中的作用,指导棕榈植物的应用设计,以期更好地发挥棕榈科植物的景观功能。     

刍议椰心叶甲的危害与防治

前些年,海南、广东等省曾遭受了严重的"椰瘟"——椰心叶甲的危害,给我国的棕榈科植物资源和自然生态环境造成了严重的破坏,后经过长期不懈地努力使疫情得到有效地控制,生态基本实现动态平衡,现又出现反弹现象。结合自身的经验刍议椰心叶甲的危害与防治。     

北美海棠新品种的引进与栽培表现

海棠（Malus spp．）是重要的园林绿化植物,北美海棠因其品种多、适应性广、观赏性强等特点在我国园林景观中极有发展潜力。文章对引进的7个北美海棠品种在宁波地区的物候期、观赏性以及适应性进行观察,筛选出适合宁波地区栽植的北美海棠新品种。     

云南棕榈科观赏野生植物资源利用研究

本文介绍云南棕榈科野生植物资源的分布情况,对具有园林用途的棕榈观赏野生植物资源进行了分析,并提出棕榈野生植物在园林绿化中开发应用的相关建议及发展趋向。     

DNA markers for variety identification in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

Summary

Simple sequence repeats (SSRs; microsatellites) are currently the favoured type of molecular marker for identifying plant germplasm. However, identifying polymorphic SSRs and then using them to distinguish closely-related varieties can be time-consuming. Polymorphic markers originating from particularly labile regions of the genome are likely to be easier to develop and also have the potential to identify markers that have higher polymorphic information contents. Genomic regions that vary in somaclonal “off-types” are a possible source of such labile regions of the genome. Thirty-seven primer pairs, developed from sequences that differed between normal and mantled somaclonal mutant oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) plants, were used in polymerase chain reactions to screen DNA from 18 varieties of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). From the resulting polymorphisms, three primer pairs were selected which, when used in combination, could identify each of the date palm varieties, unambiguously. The polymorphic bands were isolated, sequenced, and new internal primers were designed. However, all of the amplifications using these new primers yielded only monomorphic bands, indicating that the variation among these date palm varieties lay mainly at or near the original primer sites, and that the internal sequences were conserved.     

Promotive effects of a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer on growth of tissue culture-derived date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera L.) during acclimatization

The low survival rate together with the slow growth rate of the survived tissue culture-derived date palm plants during acclimatization are critical problems facing the tissue culture as a commercial technique of date palm propagation. Growth parameters, pigment contents and nutrient uptake were examined in tissue culture-derived date palm plants (Phoenix dactylifera L.) c.v. ‘Khalas’ subject to different concentration of a 5-aminolevulinic acid-based fertilizer, commercially known as Pentakeep-v, during acclimatization. Pentakeep application at 0.02, 0.04 or 0.08% at 10 days interval significantly enhanced growth at both VP2- and VP3-stage of acclimatization. However, such effects were not detectable at the VP1-stage. At the end of this stage, the successful plants ranged from 66.6 to 78.3% with no significant differences between the Pentakeep treatments and the control. All successful plants at this stage survived both the VP2 and the VP3 stages of acclimatization. Plants treated with Pentakeep, especially at 0.04 and 0.08%, developed faster and were ready for transplanting to the nursery or to the open field conditions about 4–5 months earlier than the control or those treated with 0.02% Pentakeep. Pentakeep significantly increased chlorophyll a contents in all treatments which was subsequently reflected on total chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/chlorophyll b ratio. Pentakeep application, especially at the 0.08%, significantly increased the concentration of N, Cu and Zn in the leaves of treated plants. The concentration of available P and Zn in the soil was significantly higher in the Pentakeep treatments than the control.     

园艺植物病毒脱毒技术研究进展

园艺植物在长期营养繁殖过程中易感染各种病毒病害,严重威胁了园艺植物的生长发育,降低经济价值,目前世界各国对病毒病害的研究和防治都极为重视。通过全面总结园艺植物病毒脱毒原理及常见方法,为提高园艺植物的品质与产量提供参考。     

Genetic diversity analysis in date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.): a comparative assessment using ISSR and RAPD marker assays

SUMMARY

A comparative study was conducted to evaluate genetic diversity in 45 genotypes of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), including both male and female plants, employing RAPD and ISSR marker systems. The data were analysed to calculate the total number of bands, the number of polymorphic bands, the percentage polymorphism, the average number of bands per primer, the effective multiplex ratio (EMR), the polymorphic information content (PIC), the marker index (MI), and genetic similarity coefficients. The 37 RAPD and 53 ISSR primers used generated 363 and 608 scorable amplified products, respectively, of which 95.0% and 90.9% were polymorphic. The ISSR markers produced more information than the RAPD markers due to their higher EMR and MI values. Jaccard similarity values among male plants, female plants, and between all male and all female plants varied between 0.72 – 0.80. The results indicate the effectiveness of these two marker systems for demonstrating genetic relationships among date palm genotypes.     

First reported case of spontaneous hermaphrodism in female date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.), cv ‘Alligue’

The date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is dioecious with male flowers deficient in functional gynoecium and female flowers deficient in functional androecium borne on separate palms. The presence of male and female flowers on the same plant, a phenomenon known as monoecy, is unusual in male date palms.

This study reports for the first time on hermaphrodite (bisexual) flowers borne by two female date palms, ‘Alligue’, that were found growing in an open field in Degache, southern Tunisia. The observations on these two female palms were compared with hermaphrodite male date palms growing in the same location. Hermaphrodite female date palm inflorescence branches bear female flowers predominantly near their base, in contrast to the hermaphrodite flowers that are found primarily toward their upper part. The position of the hermaphrodite flowers in hermaphrodite male date palms is reversed: inflorescence branches bear male flowers toward the upper part while the hermaphrodite flowers are found at the base. Histological examination of female hermaphrodite flowers revealed that they had three carpels and 1–6 stamens. Hermaphrodite flowers on male plants were usually also composed of three carpels of variable size, and six stamens. Hermaphrodite flowers on both female and male palm trees turn generally into parthenocarpic fruits. The present data support the theory that dioecious plants are derived from a common hermaphrodite ancestor. Floral hermaphroditism in date palm should be investigated in relation to the in planta self-fertilization process to identify sex markers and genes that control sex organ development.     

DNA序列分析在植物分子系统学研究中的应用现状——-以蔷薇科为例

 近20年来, DNA序列已被广泛应用于植物各分类阶元的系统学研究中, 为解决长期有争议 的和亟待解决的系统进化问题提供了有力的证据。现以蔷薇科为例, 概述了应用DNA片段进行植物分子系统研究的现状, 详细剖析了应用DNA序列进行植物系统发育研究时常见的问题及其原因, 提出了对存在多倍化、杂交起源和快速分化等复杂进化史的植物类群进行系统学分析时选用DNA序列的策略和注意事项。