用数量化理论评定立地分类因子的研究

运用数量化理论对立地质量进行评定，是通过与立木生长有密切相关的立地因子与测树因子建立多元回归关系，即把自变量（X1）中的坡位、坡形、开阔度、土层厚度、腐殖质层厚度、母岩、土壤松紧度等质的因子进行数量化，与因变量的优势高（y1）建立多元回归方程，应用电算，解出方程中的参数，得出立地质量得分值，通过相关系数t值检验和残差分析，确定立地主导因子，编制立地类型。     

用数量化回归进行立地分类的研究

本文用数量化回归、聚类分析的方法,筛选出影响河南省太行山林木生长的主导因子为:海拔、母岩、土类、坡向、土层厚度和pH值;利用主导因子将此区划分为16个立地类型、66个立地变型;编制了数量化立地质量评定表,对每一立地类型(变型)分好、中、差进行质量评价。     

黄淮海平原兰考泡桐立地分类的研究

本文以黄淮海平原兰考泡桐为研究对象，通过分析各立地因子的分异规律，逐级找出划分立地分类单元的主导因子。在进行立地类型划分时，以样地的平均优势木胸径作为生长指标，应用数量化理论Ⅰ进行回归分析，筛选出与兰考泡桐胸径生长密切相关且直观易测的几个因子（如土壤质地、地下水位等），作为划分立地类型的主导因子，将这些因子进行组合划分出立地类型，从而建立起黄淮海平原兰考泡桐立地分类系统     

秦巴山地立地分类的初步研究

秦巴山地地处特殊的地理位置,由于气侯类型多样,生物气候垂直带谱十分明显.该区具有丰富的植物资源.为了宏观地在大范围内布局林业生产,做到“适地适树、造林种”,更好地为林业生产服务.笔者对秦巴山地的立地进行了高、中级分类的初步尝试.将秦巴山地划分为8个立地区、2个亚区、以及31个小区.针对其自然特点、社会经济状况,提出了林业划产的发展方向和宏观战略性的措施和意见.     

森林立地分类原理的探讨

立地分类与立地区划为两个并列的系统,二者不能混淆。除提出了一般原则外,还确定了立地分类的四大依据:1.立地基底;2.立地形态结构;3.生物气候肥力;4.立地表层特征。立地分类系统、立地系列、立地纲、立地目、立地类型组、立地类型(亚型)。规定了立地目-立地类型组-立地类型(亚型)的三名法命名法则,并列举了幕阜山立地分类的范例。     

国外森林立地分类和立地质量评价

当今世界林业先进国家都十分重视森林立地分类和质量评价工作,把这看成是一项充分发挥林地生产潜力和科学经营森林的基础工作,正在理论上不断充实和完善,在生产上大力推广应用。     

森林立地分类及立地质量评价

森林立地分类及立地质量评价范小洪，徐东（忠县林业局）立地分类及立地质量评价是对立地性能的认识。引进立地分类及立地质量评价，对摸清经营范围内的立地条件，提高造林和经营水平，充分发挥林地生产潜力具有重要意义。我县国有和集体林区从未进行过立地分类及立地质量...     

大熊猫分布区森林立地分类初步研究

本研究以大熊猫分布区域的自然分异规律为基础，应用发生学观点，结合系统生态学和生态经济学理论，对大熊猫分布区的自然地理和社会经济条件，以及影响大熊猫生存和栖息地的主要因素进行了综合分析论证，阐明大熊猫分布区的地域分并规律及分区的原则依据，并拟定分类系统、单位，初步将大熊猫分区的立地类型分为５个立地区，９个立地亚区，２７个立地小区。并对各立地区的立地特征进行了阐述，提出了自然保护管理、林业经营的发展方向和宏观战略措施．同时，指出了大熊猫分布区立地的低级分类尚待深入调查研究和完善。     

铜仁地区杉木（人工林）立地指数表及数量化立地质量评定表的编制

根据铜仁地区65块杉木人工林样地及47株解析木的资料,编制出该区杉木人工林的立地指数表和数量化立地质量评定表,根据检验分析,两表可靠性较大。据表能确定林分所属的立地指数级,该林分优势木在各个年龄平均高的生长预测值,能预估宜林地生长力,为该区造林规划设计提供了科学依据。     

Quantitative site classification in the key county in the conversion of farmland to forests project

According to the requirements of the conversion of farmland to forests project (CFFP), we investigated the vegetation factors and environmental factors from more than 6,105 sub-compartments in Liangcheng County, Inner Mongolia by using the Matlab, analytic hierarchy process (AHP), and the hierarchical cluster method (HCM). The site conditions were classified quantitatively. The results show that CFFP at this site comprises five site-type groups and 19 site types. A quantitative site classification system method has been established in this paper. __________ Translated from Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2005, 27(6) [译自: 北京林业大学学报, 2005, 27(6)]     

鄂温克族自治旗森林立地类型

文章对鄂温克族自治旗森林立地进行了分类,共划出4个立地类型小区、6个立地类型组和15个立地类型。     

海州露天矿排土场立地类型划分及立地质量评价

排矸年限是影响矸石风化程度、土壤理化性质、植被种类及生长状况的主导因素,因此,按照排矸年限可将海州露天矿排土场划分为四种立地类型:Ⅰ类矸石山排矸年限50 a,风化层厚度50 cm,土壤结构较好,物理理化指标均高于其他类型矸石山;适生植物种类较多,具备了进行人工植被恢复的良好条件。Ⅱ类矸石山排矸年限30~50 a,风化层厚度40 cm,土壤结构良好,物理指标低于Ⅰ类矸石山高于Ⅲ、Ⅳ类型矸石山;适合于抗逆性强的灌木或乔木树种。Ⅲ类矸石山排矸年限10~30 a,风化层厚度25 cm,土壤结构一般,土壤通气性较差;植被恢复时应采取一些辅助措施。Ⅳ类矸石山排矸年限10 a,风化层厚度10 cm以下,地温高,且有自燃现象,几乎无风化层、无土壤团粒结构;尚不能进行植被恢复。     

The value of six key soil variables for incorporation into a South African forest site classification system

The intensive nature of management practices in the exotic monoculture plantations of South Africa requires reliable decision support systems. Recent socio-economic developments, the need for optimal forest productivity, as well as increasing awareness of broader ecosystem values and environmental risks, highlight the importance of a unified approach to forest site classification and evaluation. This paper highlights the value of specific soil characteristics and its application value for a range of silviculture and management aspects related to site-specific forestry. A limited set of six soil variables are proposed for ecological mapping of forest landscapes at high-resolution operational-level scales. The variables proposed are parent material, soil classification, effective soil depth, depth limiting material, topsoil organic matter and topsoil texture. Each variable is discussed in terms of its significance as well as relevance to plantation forestry in South Africa. Shortcomings in our knowledge base and research requirements are highlighted, and the format of incorporation into a national forest site classification system is proposed. This paper will contribute to unity of purpose and understanding of forest site classification and evaluation in South Africa, and will promote management frameworks and decision support systems with desired environmental, economic and social benefits.     

Indices of soil nitrogen availability for an ecological site classification of British forests

An adequate supply of nitrogen (N) is essential for the successful establishment and sustainable productivity of forest stands. N deficits may necessitate the use of artificial fertilisers. Availability of N in the inorganic forms, and the relative abundance of the NO₃-N and NH₄-N components, influences the species composition of natural forest vegetation. Hence it is essential to use reliable measures of soil N supply that fully reflect its ecological significance. The new Ecological Site Classification (ESC) used in British forestry employs a multi-factorial definition of soil nutrient regime (SNR), including soil N. To develop this, a soil and vegetation study was made at 89 forest sites throughout Great Britain covering the major soil types used for forestry. “Total N” levels were compared with separate pre- and post-incubation measures of the two inorganic N components as potential indices of soil N supply. Multivariate statistical analysis showed that the major discriminant chemical variables for the sampled soils were pH, calcium and NO₃-N and that these were also the main variables influencing the species composition of the ground vegetation. Total N and NH₄-N were less effective discriminant variables for these sites. In some infertile soils the levels of NH₄-N or total N may be of greater importance, as NO₃-N is usually in very limited supply. A multivariate gradient of SNR, which incorporates the NO₃-N measures, has been adopted for use within the ESC system. The position of a site on this gradient can be estimated quantitatively from soil type, ground vegetation species composition and humus type. This enables soil N supply and overall SNR to be assessed in a simple but effective way that guides the operational management of British forest soils for sustainable productivity. It will also be possible to use these techniques to monitor the nutritional status of forest sites over time.     

不同立地类型杉木人工林伐根材积表的编制

在武冈林场应用数量化逐步回归方法建立地位指数模型,编制数量化地位指数表,并用聚类方法划分立地类型。同时建立了不同立地类型杉木伐根与胸径、树高的关系模型,依此确定被伐木的材积,对于测定滥伐后的林木材积和检查、评估采伐量具有指导作用。     

Site variation in Pinus radiata plantations and implications for site specific management

685,000 ha of Pinus radiata(D. Don) plantations in Australia werecategorized using a matrix of mean annualrainfall, rainfall regime and Parent Rock Codefrom a Technical Soil Classification. Datawere obtained from a number of differentorganizations which in total managed nearly allthe Australian P. radiata plantations. The selected characteristics were those whichcould be obtained at an acceptable level ofconfidence from all sources. Such acharacterization of plantation sites provided asystem for utilization of technical informationand extrapolation of research results and alsoa basis for the development of Site SpecificManagement systems. Analysis of theinformation indicated the high degree ofvariability of environments in whichplantations have been established withinAustralia and also the distinctive nature ofindividual regions. Such differences betweenareas make extension of silvicultural andrelated information difficult from one area toanother without appropriate validation. Abroad comparison with 1.26 million hectares ofP. radiata plantations in New Zealandindicated only a small overlap of areas of sitetypes between Australia and New Zealand. Assumptions derived in one location on thesites, characteristics, models and/or genotypeswould require significant testing beforeconfident application could be undertaken toanother area. The value of a Site SpecificManagement system for research planning andapplication of research and operational resultswas demonstrated from analysis of a series ofexperimental trials assessing application offertilizer after thinning and from evaluationof soil carbon in P. radiataplantations.     

The use of ground vegetation and humus type as indicators of soil nutrient regime for an ecological site classification of British forests

In many countries ground vegetation and humus type are used as indicators of forest soil quality, especially nutrient regime. This paper reports the development of such methods for use in British forests, within a new Ecological Site Classification combining climate, soil moisture regime and soil nutrient regime.

To develop a field assessment method for soil nutrient regime, a study was made of soil chemistry, humus type and ground vegetation in British forests. Sites were selected in both mature plantations and semi-natural woodlands. Soil and humus profiles were described and the soil was sampled volumetrically for later chemical analysis. Vascular ground vegetation was recorded in quadrats by species cover fraction, and classified according to the existing British National Vegetation Classification. Soils were analyzed for a number of chemical variables. Vegetation data were treated by application of the species indicator values for soil reaction (R) and soil nitrogen (N), as proposed by Ellenberg [Vegetation Ecology of Central Europe, 4th Edition. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge]. Site mean indicator values mR and mN (weighted by species cover fraction) were then calculated. Multivariate statistical analysis techniques were applied to both the soil chemical and the vegetation sample data.

Soil nutrient regime was shown to be a composite gradient of several soil chemical variables, of which the pH value and the availability of mineral (especially nitrate) nitrogen, and of calcium, were of particular importance. The species composition of the ground vegetation was related to position on this soil nutrient gradient. The vegetation: soil nutrient correlation using the site mean Ellenberg values was satisfactory (r=0.89), but was improved by using indicator values generated from within the present data. The occurrence of the major humus types (mor, moder and mull) is broadly related to soil nutrient regime defined in this way. Both ground vegetation and humus type can therefore be used as soil nutrient indicators in British forests.

A division of the soil nutrient gradient into five classes (Very Poor, Poor, Medium, Rich and Very Rich) is proposed. Future sampling work may lead to the definition of an additional class of soils with carbonate nutrient regimes. The Ecological Site Classification will provide forest managers in Great Britain with an improved basis for the selection of tree species for planting, and the adoption of silvicultural methods best suited to the site.     

不同立地因子与麻栎生长的相关分析

通过对麻栎适生条件的相关分析,认为影响麻栎生长的主要立地因子是坡向、海拔、土层厚度、坡度,并以生长在S坡、坡度20°以下、土层厚度30cm的沙壤土为最佳。     

昌宁县华山松数量化立地指数表编制

林业生产中,不仅需要评定有林地的立地质量,也需要对无林地的立地质量进行评价,以便合理利用土地,为充分发挥宜林地的生产潜力和适地适树进行造林提供科学依据。为此利用标准地主要环境因子与其地位指数间的相关关系,编制此表,作为评价森林立地质量、预测林地生产力、造林规划设计、森林经营管理等重要依据。编表方法是利用地形、土壤等主要因子为自变量,按地位指数表查定各标准地的地位指数作为因变量,采用数量化理论(Ⅰ)求解,编出标准年龄时华山松立地指数得分表。