干扰素的分子生物学研究进展

干扰素是一类多功能细胞因子，是由哺乳动物体细胞合成与分泌的潜在的生物活性蛋白质，具有抵抗病毒感染、抑制肿瘤细胞生长与调节机体免疫功能的作用，其基因表达受多种因素和调控元件的调节。干扰素基因工程和基因治疗研究引起了广泛的关注，目前已被应用于临床治疗。     

柑橘衰退病毒分子生物学检测及基因型分析技术研究进展

由柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus, CTV)引起的柑橘衰退病是严重危害世界柑橘种植业的一种病害。随着我国柑橘产业的发展,柑橘衰退病的为害变得日趋严重。本文综合有关文献,对CTV分子生物学检测及基因型分析技术的研究进展作一综述。     

Application of chemi- and bioluminescence in studies of immunological reactions against protozoa

The opsonization and lysis of different protozoa by antibodies and/or complement was followed using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and bioluminescence. The addition of immune serum to variable antigen type populations of Trypanosoma evansi led to the specific opsonization of trypanosomes resulting in an intense metabolic activation and chemiluminescence response of phagocytic cells. In comparison to those of uninfected control mice, the phagocytosis of coccidia merozoites by spleen cells from mice infected with Eimeria falciformis was enhanced during the acute stage of a primary infection. Opsonizing activity was demonstrated in phosphate-buffered saline extracts of gut contents of mice infected for 10 days. The incubation of E. falciformis merozoites together with guinea-pig complement resulted in slow lysis of the cells. The addition of mouse serum collected greater than 6 days after an infection led to an accelerated lysis of the merozoites, indicating the appearance of complement-fixing antibodies in the serum. Heat-inactivated immune serum alone had no lysing activity on merozoites. In the presence of complement, bovine lymphoblastoid cells infected with Theileria annulata were lysed by anti-lymphoblastoid cell serum raised in mice but not by serum from cattle which had developed immunity to Theileria annulata.     

乳铁蛋白及其在家畜生产中的应用

乳铁蛋白 (Lactoferrin ,LF)是一种天然的、具有免疫功能的糖蛋白 ,由转铁蛋白演变而来 ,具有多种生物活性 ,如促进铁吸收、抑菌抗病毒、促进细胞增殖、调节骨髓细胞生成、调节补体系统、刺激溶菌酶再生、防止脂质过氧化等功能。它广泛存在于人与哺乳家畜的分泌物中 ,如人乳、牛乳(Lonnerdal,1 994)。乳铁蛋白在母乳中蛋白质含量仅次于酪蛋白 ,占普通母乳蛋白质的 1 0 % ,人乳中含量为 2～ 4mg/mL ,牛乳中含量为 0 0 2～0 35mg/mL ,商品乳铁蛋白一般是从牛乳中提取的。除乳汁外 ,其他消化、呼吸和生殖系统的外分泌液中也含有一定量的乳…     

蛋白质保护与非蛋白氮缓释技术相结合对利本杂交牛增重的影响

瘤胃微生物对蛋白质的发酵,能将品质差的饲料蛋白质或非蛋白氮(NPN)转化为生物学价值高的菌体蛋白(其氨基酸组成近似卵蛋白),供反刍动物利用,但也有不利的一面,即饲料蛋白质通过瘤胃时被微生物分解形成大量的氨,造成蛋白质饲料的浪费。另外,瘤胃微生物分解尿素等非蛋白氮产生氨的速度大于其利用氨合成菌体蛋白的速度,不仅会造成NPN的浪费,而且还易导致氨中毒。将饲料蛋白质保护技术与NPN缓释技术有机结合在一起,可调控瘤胃微生物的活动,增加过瘤胃蛋白,同时可使瘤胃微生物分解尿素产生氨的速度与能量的释放相匹配,提高反刍动物对NPN的…     

Contrast ultrasound: general principles and veterinary clinical applications

The concept of contrast enhancement has significantly extended the usefulness of ultrasound imaging in human medicine and medical research over the past decade. The persistence and efficacy of ultrasound contrast agents has been improved and specific imaging sequences have been developed. Contrast ultrasound provides Doppler and grey-scale enhancement. Doppler examinations are improved when studying deep or small vessels and vessels with low flow velocities. Specific contrast imaging sequences allow detection of tissue enhancement with grey-scale ultrasound which enables assessment of tissue perfusion. Major clinical applications of contrast ultrasound in the human medicine field are the heart, the parenchymal organs such as the liver, spleen and kidneys, and vascular applications. Many other interesting applications have been identified and beside their diagnostic value, intensive research is currently investigating the use of ultrasound contrast agents for therapeutic applications such as targeted delivery of drug- or gene-loaded microbubbles. In the last few years, contrast ultrasound has also been introduced in veterinary medicine. Its usefulness has been shown in diseases of the liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, lymph nodes and superficial tumours. In the present article, an overview of the physical principles, imaging techniques and image analyses is presented. In addition, a literature review details the current use in veterinary medicine and areas of potential utilization are discussed.     

Indirect detection of the infectious agents of selected parasitic diseases in animals by immunologic and molecular biological methods

In this review the following possibilities of indirect detection of causal agents in selected animal parasitoses are discussed: Detection of serum antibodies by ELISA, IFAT and other test systems in leishmaniasis of dogs, babesiosis of horse, cattle and dog, and in toxoplasmosis of cat and various intermediate host species. In leishmaniasis of dogs the specificity of serodiagnosis can be improved by additional Western-Blot analysis. New approaches are provided by the detection of antigens circulating in serum (i.e. in dirofilariasis of dogs) or excreted in faeces (copro-antigens) (i.e. in intestinal parasitoses). Some of the last mentioned techniques are still under evaluation. A new trend in the diagnosis of parasitoses is the application of DNA technologies for the specific identification of causal agents. Some examples are discussed.     

鸡传染性支气管炎病毒分子生物学研究进展

鸡传染性支气管炎 ( IB)是由鸡传染性支气管炎病毒 ( IBV)感染引起的鸡的一种急性高度接触性呼吸道和生殖管道的疾病 ,有的毒株还可以引起肾脏、肠道和腺胃的病变。近几年 ,国内由于新的变异株不断出现 ,导致现有疫苗的免疫效果不够理想 ,在临床上时有 IB的发生和流行 ,引起兽医科技工作者的广泛关注。与先进的生物技术相结合 ,我国 IBV分子生物学的研究取得较大进展 ,有些方面已经达到国际领先水平 ,本文主要就近几年来国内的研究成果作一综述。1　病毒的结构蛋白IBV的主要结构蛋白有 3种——纤突蛋白 ( S蛋白 )、膜蛋白 ( M蛋白 )和…     

Computed tomography in small animals--basic principles and state of the art applications

Since its clinical introduction, computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized veterinary medicine and is considered to be one of the most valuable tools for the imaging work-up of neurological, oncological and orthopaedic canine and feline patients. In small animals with acute trauma, particularly those involving complex anatomic areas such as the head, spine or pelvis, CT has been established as a standard imaging method. With the increasing availability of radiation therapy in veterinary medicine, CT has also become the principal tool to stage a tumour, assess response, and guide radiation therapy. The increasing availability of helical CT in veterinary medicine has allowed novel techniques such as spiral CT angiography and high-resolution CT. This review provides a brief overview of the historical and technical development of CT and literature reviews of the major clinical CT applications in small animals such as intracranial and extracranial lesions, the spine, the appendicular skeleton, and abdominal and thoracic diseases.     

转基因产品检测技术及其差异比较

本文介绍了常用的转基因产品检测方法,包括针对核酸的聚合酶链式反应(PCR)和针对蛋白质的酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA),并对几种检测方法的优缺点进行比较。